小型多功能旋转割刀式割草机设计

旋转割刀式割草机是草坪割草作业最常用的工具,为了提高割草机的自动化作业水平,对手推式旋转割刀式割草机进行了改进,将神经网络PID控制器引入到了割草机控制系统的设计上,使其具有自主导航、自动反馈调节、自我诊断等多种功能,有效地提高了割草机的自动化和智能化水平,以及作业质量和作业效率。为了验证方案的可行性,对多功能旋刀式割草机器人的性能进行了测试,结果表明:采用神经网络PID系统后,割草机具有更快的响应速度,对作业区域的准确识别率和自主沿着规划路径行走的精度也有所提高,可以满足割草机自动化作业的设计需求。     

淳安成功引进乘坐式果园割草机

<正>日前,在浙江省淳安县千岛湖龙祥生态农业科技有限公司的古野大前门生态农业观光园内绿油油的果园草地上,一台四驱乘坐式果园割草机,在工作人员的操控下,10 min就完成了66.7 m~2果园的割草作业。这是淳安成功引进四驱乘坐式果园割草机后的现场演示活动,在演示现场观看的该县农业局农机分管领导、农机管理总站技术人员及千岛湖     

乘坐式果园割草机及其操作使用

乘坐式果园割草机(如题图所示,型号9GZ-221)适用于农田、果园、绿化带、草坪等杂草生长场所的割草作业。该割草机要求果园地势较为平坦,可在25°左右的陡坡环境中正常工作。割幅约1m,割高为0~15cm,最高效率可达0.5hm^2/h。     

筑水牌9GZ-221乘坐式割草机

<正>筑水牌9GZ-221乘坐式割草机由筑水农机(常州)有限公司生产,可用于田间、绿化带、草坪、防护堤等杂草和作物收获后秸秆的清理割除。该机采用超低底盘的独特设计,整机高仅86 cm,座位离地面仅40 cm,提高了作业的稳定性及安全性;割刀盘高度0~15 cm可调节,并有防止碰撞硬物的功能;割刀采用高韧性高耐磨双面合金钢和轴传动设计,对     

宽幅割草机割刀工作特性试验研究

为了提高草原牧草收获效率,高效宽幅往复式割草机受到业界广泛关注,但因其宽幅收割器割刀修长,在往复作业运动中割刀的振动与变形会导致堵刀、粘草、粘泥等现象发生,致使割草失效,严重影响割草效率。为此,针对9GQS-4.6型宽幅割草机,从割刀工作特性入手,通过理论和试验分析,探寻割刀不同部位的振动及变形规律。试验发现:割刀工作过程中,割刀工作频率主要在6～12Hz范围内,随着工作频率的不断增高,振动和变形越来越大;当割刀工作频率为9Hz时,割刀低频振动较弱;当割刀工作频率增加到12Hz时,割刀出现剧烈碰撞。割刀不同部位的振动与变形在不同工作频率范围内强度不同,越靠近动力输入端随工作频率的变化越显著。通过研究,初步掌握了宽幅割草机割刀的工作特性,对进一步优化宽幅割刀结构提供了理论支撑,对完成天然牧草高效高质量收获装备的研制、提升宽幅往复式割草机效率具有较重要的理论意义。     

小型往复式果园割草机设计

简述了小型往复果园割草机的市场前景;根据市场需求选择了与其相配套的主机,确定了基本结构和结构参数;在小型果园割草机上,最先采用了单点联接往复式切割器机构,从而简化了结构;同时,分析了切割器割刀运动及功率消耗.试验表明,该机设计合理、可靠,具有操作方便且仿形好的特点,符合农村经济水平和使用习惯.     

9GYS-0.85型盘式甩刀割草机的设计

通过对割草机的悬挂方式、割刀运动、转速、刀片数量等重要参数的试验、分析以及科学计算，对各项参数的科学匹配，研究设计出一种结构紧凑、适应性强的小型割草机。     

一种太阳能割草机的设计与试验

随着割草机技术的发展,存在噪声大、尾气污染严重和操作人员劳动强度大等方面缺点的传统割草机,逐渐被节能环保型割草机械取代。太阳能割草机作为节能环保型割草机械的代表得到了广泛的关注,对其研究取得了丰富的经验。针对现有的太阳能割草机体积小、作业能力有限的不足,研制了一种适宜中大型草坪修剪的乘坐式太阳能割草机。其特点是可驾乘、操作简单、节能环保。试验证明:设计的这种太阳能割草机能够满足中大型草坪的使用要求,对其进行理论研究和试验具有重要的意义。     

旋转式割草机新型割刀工艺探讨

近年来,我国畜牧行业发展迅速,苜蓿种植面积已达13.3万hm2,并逐年增加,苜蓿割草机在牧草收获中发挥着越来越重要的作用。但传统割草机存在着收获质量差、无法收获倒伏植株等问题,降低了苜蓿种植的收益,影响苜蓿种植的积极性。为此,提出一种与常规割刀形状不同的新型割刀形式,其刀刃部分在垂直刀片方向上存在小角度的扭转,使割刀在作业时产生一种倾斜切割状态,能够极大地提高割草机的刈割质量和适应性。同时,对割刀的工艺、可靠性以及失效形式进行分析,为合理设计割刀、延长割刀使用寿命提供理论依据。     

F.US-UFO型果园避障割草机试验研究

果树行间距一般比株间距大,可以利用割草机械直接进行除草作业,但是果树株间的杂草就不能很好的用割草机进行机械化作业清除。文章在江苏泰兴烨佳梨园、沛县聚英阁苹果园和睢宁官山楸树园对F.US-UFO型果园避障割草机开展田间试验,通过对收草质量、割幅、割茬高度、漏割率、避障损伤率、避障割草高度与行间高度最大差、最短避障距离的测定,测试机具作业性能;通过对使用可靠性系数、平均故障间隔时间、班次小时生产率、劳动生产率和单位面积耗油量的测定,测试其田间生产性能。试验结果表明:F.US-UFO型果园避障割草机既能完成行间割草作业也能完成株间割草作业。果园行间坡度越小,园间路面越平坦,果树株行距越大,割草机作业质量越高。割草机工作效率为0.49 hm~2/h,单位面积耗油量为11.41 kg/hm~2。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。