铺膜点播机的维修与保养

1主要结构及工作原理1.1主要结构该机由机架、施肥装置、铺膜装置、膜上穴播和覆土装置组成。排肥装置由地轮驱动、链轮传动、肥箱、排肥器、排肥管等组成;铺膜装置由开沟器、挂膜架、膜辊组成;膜上穴播装置由播种滚筒、取种器、播种鸭嘴组成;覆土装置由圆盘覆土器和挡土板组成。     

棉花旋播覆膜联合作业机设计及试验

针对河北省优势棉产区农艺条件和机械化采收技术要求,设计了2BFGM-4型棉花旋播覆膜联合作业机。该机主要由旋耕灭茬装置、铺膜覆土装置、镇压装置及开沟播种装置等组成,一次进地即可完成耕整、开沟、施肥、播种、喷药、埋滴灌及铺膜等作业。同时,创新设计出适宜膜下播种的棉花一器双排交错排种器及开沟装置,可以实现(68+8)cm宽窄行错位播种,为棉花机械化采收提供技术条件,通过整机动力匹配计算,对一器双排交错排种器及开沟装置、铺膜覆土装置及联合机架的关键部件进行设计。使各机构有机集成和有效配合,提高了棉花播种作业效率,减轻了劳动强度。田间试验表明:该机旋耕、播种、覆膜等关键技术指标均达到了设计要求。     

2CM─2型马铃薯种植机的作用

作为我区农业四大作物之一的马铃薯,其种植面积及产量都居全国首位。为改变我区马铃薯种植的落后状况,提高马铃薯种植机械化水平,由内蒙古自治区农牧业机械化研究所在引进消化国内外样机及技术的基础上,研制出适合我区种植要求的2CM—2型马铃薯种植机。1主要结构与原理此机主要由施肥开沟器、播种开沟器、肥箱、种箱、排肥装置、排种装置、覆土装置、镇压轮、地轮传动以及机架等部件构成。当拖拉机牵引机具向前行进时,地轮平稳地转动,播种机先后一次完成开沟、施肥、播种、覆土及镇压等作业。排种器的排种性能对整机的播种质量产生直…     

颐元2BMF系列免耕施肥播种机

由山东庆元颐元农机制造有限公司研制生产。该机与大型拖拉机配套使用,主要由机架、旋耕机、播种（肥）器、种（肥）开沟器、覆土器、镇压器、深度调节轮和起垄犁等组成。适用于玉米秸秆还田地免耕播种小麦和麦茬地播种玉米作业,一次进地即可完成秸秆切碎、起垄、旋耕、施肥、播种、覆土镇压等工序,具有性能稳定、作业平稳、播种效果好以及使用...     

2BF——2型铺膜点播机的试验研究与推广

2BP—2型铺膜点播机是一种多用途小型种植机具,既可进行联合作业,也可单独进行铺膜、播种作业,是由内蒙古农牧学院农机分厂设计生产的。该机试验证明,是值得推广的一种先进机型。 (1)机具构造:该机由机架、施肥装置、铺膜装置、膜上穴播和覆土装置组成。施肥装置由肥箱、排肥器、导肥管、链轮驱动装置等组成。铺膜装置由开沟器、挂膜架、压膜轮组成。膜上穴播装置由播种滚筒、取种器、播种鸭嘴组成。覆土装置由圆盘覆土器和挡土板组成。     

一种果园挖坑施肥机结构设计

施肥是果树管理的关键作业环节,对果品质量、产量以及果树的生长起着至关重要的作用。我国的果树施肥机械化水平很低,现有的机械设备只能完成机械钻孔和人工辅助施肥,生产率低,劳动强度大。为此,设计了一种集钻孔、施肥、覆土于一体的果园施肥机械。该果园施肥机主要由齿轮箱总成、传动轴总成、覆土装置、排肥装置、钻孔装置和机架等部分组成。通过三维造型表明,该施肥机使用方便、机械化程度高,能够大大提高作业效率。     

自动调节深度式果园双行开沟施肥机设计与试验

针对国内果园开沟施肥机施肥效率低、一致性差和有机肥与化肥混施难的问题,设计了一种开沟深度可自动调节的果园双行开沟施肥机.该机采用双行开沟施肥的工作方式,可一次完成果园开沟、有机肥与化肥混施、覆土一体化作业.通过理论分析对开沟装置、排肥装置和开沟深度自动调节装置等关键部件进行设计,搭建基于STM32F103的控制系统,实...     

果园开沟深施肥机结构设计

为提高果园开沟深施肥的生产效率、降低劳动强度,开发了由中大型柴油机作为动力输出的集开沟、施肥、覆土于一体的开沟深施肥机,提高了开沟深施肥的机械化程度。采用变速箱对来自柴油机的动力输出进行分配,变速箱与行走轮带传动连接,与开沟装置和施肥装置链传动连接。开沟装置前端设置的破土铲能有效降低开沟阻力,减少沟底回土。采用弯曲倾斜安装的刀片可降低入土阻力,实现开沟功能,利于向外抛土。施肥装置设有入料破碎器和下料粉碎器,能有效分解受潮结块的化肥,使下料更均匀。覆土铲在机器行走过程中实现覆土功能,上下升降固定地轮和覆土铲的拉杆可调节开沟的深浅。该装置具有沟型规范、抛土均匀、回土平整、开沟深浅可调等优点,在降低劳动强度的同时大大提升了果农的生产效率。     

提高气吸式播种机排种精确性的措施

气吸式精量播种机是一种高效节能的多用途精量播种机,与目前使用的条播机相比一般节种50%.气吸式精量播种机主要由机架总成、地轮总成、四杆机构、排种器总成、排肥器总成、种子开沟器总成、化肥开沟器总成、覆土器总成、镇压轮总成、中间传动器总成及风机总成和风机传动器总成等部件组成,能一次完成开沟、施肥、播种、覆土、镇压等多道工序,其行距、株距、播深、排肥量、覆土量、镇压力等可在较大范围内调整,而且具有较大的适应性,在气吸排种器上更换不同排种盘,可精播玉米,甜菜、蓖麻、黄豆、高梁等多种农作物.     

2BMQ-8型气力式棉花精密播种机设计

针对山东省北部棉花主产区种植特点和机采棉宽行种植模式,开发设计了2BMQ-8型气力式棉花精密播种机。该机主要由机架、悬挂装置、深松施肥装置、双圆盘开沟装置、气吸式排种装置、镇压轮和铺膜覆土装置等组成,可一次性完成施肥、开沟、播种、镇压以及覆膜覆土等作业。作业效率高,性能优异。      

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。