Geologic Evolution of North America: Geologic features suggest that the continent has grown and differentiated through geologic time

The oldest decipherable rock complexes within continents (more than 2.5 billion years old) are largely basaltic volcanics and graywacke. Recent and modern analogs are the island arcs formed along and adjacent to the unstable interface of continental and oceanic crusts. The major interfacial reactions (orogenies) incorporate pre-existing sial, oceanic crust, and mantle into crust of a more continental type. Incipient stages of continental evolution, more than 3 billion years ago, remain obscure. They may involve either a cataclysmic granite-forming event or a succession of volcanic-sedimentary and granite-forming cycles. Intermediate and recent stages of continental evolution, as indicated by data for North America, involve accretion of numerous crustal interfaces with fragments of adjacent continental crust and their partial melting, reinjection, elevation, unroofing, and stabilization. Areas of relict provinces defined by ages of granites suggest that continental growth is approximately linear. But the advanced differentiation found in many provinces and the known overlaps permit wide deviation from linearity in the direction of a more explosive early or intermediate growth.     

Synodic month: variations in the geologic past

The value of 31.56 +/- 0.74 days for the synodic month in the Upper Cambrian is used together with a maximum in the expected number of days in a synodic month to argue that solar tidal dissipation is important in the dynamics of the earth-moon system and that the moment of inertia of the earth cannot have been much larger then than it is now. The tendency of the measurements to remain near 30 days may be a resonance effect.     

Spaceborne imaging radar: geologic and oceanographic applications

Synoptic, large-area radar images of the earth's land and ocean surface, obtained from the Seasat orbiting spacecraft, show the potential for geologic mapping and for monitoring of ocean surface patterns. Structural and topographic features such as lineaments, anticlines, folds and domes, drainage patterns, stratification, and roughness units can be mapped. Ocean surface waves, internal waves, current boundaries, and large-scale eddies have been observed in numerous images taken by the Seasat imaging radar. This article gives an illustrated overview of these applications.     

A closer look at water-related geologic activity on Mars

Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to approximately 2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as finegrained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20 degrees to 35 degrees) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters.     

Topographic and geologic aspects of a far-side lunar crater

Important detils resolved by Lunar Orbiter photographs have reveled some volcanic aspects in the topogrphy of a crater on the far side of Moon, about 70 kilometers south of Tsiolkovshy.     

Apollo 16 exploration of descartes: a geologic summary

The Cayley Plains at the Apollo 16 landing site consist of crudely stratified breccias to a depth of at least 200 meters, overlain by a regolith 10 to 15 meters thick. Samples, photographs, and observations by the astronauts indicate that most of the rocks are impact breccias derived from an anorthositegabbro complex. The least brecciated members of the suite include coarse-grained anorthosite and finer-grained, more mafic rocks, some with igneous and some with metamorphic textures. Much of the traverse area is covered by ejecta from North Ray and South Ray craters, but the abundance of rock fragments increases to the south toward the younger South Ray crater. The Descartes highlands, a distinct morphologic entity, differ from the adjacent Cayley formation more in physiographic expression than in lithologic character.     

总结历史 开创未来 做好新时期我校的统战工作

阐述了我校统战工作的发展历程和在我校工作中发挥的作用，针对高校统战工作中存在的问题，结合实际提出了今后我校统战工作的思路。     

近150年呼伦湖重金属污染历史及潜在生态风险

针对呼伦湖演化历史研究相对不足的现状,于呼伦湖中心采集柱状岩芯沉积物样品78个,测定分析了沉积物中Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、Cd、As、Pb等8种重金属元素的垂向分布特征。结合210Pb测年数据和粘土含量,采用Pearson相关分析和主成分分析法,判别不同沉积阶段重金属元素的可能来源,并对其进行潜在生态风险评价。结果表明:1865—1973年各种金属元素含量相对较低,以自然输入源为主,人类活动对湖泊影响微弱;1973—1992年重金属元素含量均呈现增加趋势,主要以工矿业和农业污水、交通源等人类活动释放源为主;1992年后除As、Pb外均出现下降趋势,受自然保护区建立的影响,自然来源为首要源,但仍存在农业污水、交通源和采矿业的人为源。生态风险评价结果表明,单元素污染系数CdAsPbCuCoCrMnZn,Cd潜在生态风险超强,As在1992年以后为中等潜在生态风险,其他几种元素均属于轻微生态风险,多种污染物的潜在生态风险近年处于较高水平,Cd和As是主要生态风险贡献因子。呼伦湖重金属污染历史能够较好地指示人类活动,自然保护区的建立对治理污染起到了一定的积极作用,但Cd、As污染应予以重视,呼伦湖的环境保护及治理有待进一步加强。     

Northridge earthquake damage caused by geologic focusing of seismic waves

Despite being located 21 kilometers from the epicenter of the 1994 Northridge earthquake (magnitude 6.7), the city of Santa Monica experienced anomalously concentrated damage with Mercalli intensity IX, an intensity as large as that experienced in the vicinity of the epicenter. Seismic records from aftershocks suggest that the damage resulted from the focusing of seismic waves by several underground acoustic lenses at depths of about 3 kilometers, formed by the faults that bound the northwestern edge of the Los Angeles basin. The amplification was greatest for high-frequency waves and was less powerful at lower frequencies, which is consistent with focusing theory and finite-difference simulations.