科学“运”权：推进反腐倡廉建设科学化的关键

解决腐败问题的关键是要健全权力运行制约和监督机制,推进权力运行程序化和公开透明。通过树立科学善治的权力观,启动反腐倡廉建设的＂思想引擎＂,构建科学合理的权制结构,打造反腐倡廉建设的＂民主利器＂,增加权力运行的透明度,搭建反腐倡廉建设的＂可视化平台＂,提升权力制约的法治化水平,建构反腐倡廉建设的＂刚性要件＂,提高权力运行程序的严密化程度,编织反腐倡廉建设的＂缚权网络＂,运用高科技手段制约权力,构筑反腐倡廉建设的＂科技屏障＂等,从而逻辑地形成＂思想引领—权制昌明—政务透明—法治规范—程序保障—科技手段＂这样＂六位一体＂的科学＂运＂权机制,这是构建惩治和预防腐败体系的重要内容,也是推进反腐倡廉建设科学化的关键所在。     

屋顶花园中佛甲草的速繁成坪试验初报

 为了寻找佛甲草快速繁殖及简捷的屋顶造坪技术，减少佛甲草的单位面积需苗量，在楼顶作了一系列实验。结果表明，初夏时用少量的佛甲草，将其剪切成一定长度的带叶切段，撒播于作好的楼顶花园栽培基质上，只需一个月的时间，佛甲草便可成坪，从而加快了佛加草的繁殖速度，减少了佛甲草的使用量，大大降低了劳动强度和屋顶绿化的造坪成本。     

Phosphate-induced protein chromatography

High phosphate concentration is shown to cause a large proportion of the proteins of a cell-free extract of Escherichia coli to bind to agarose columns to which L-valine is attached. With a decreasing concentration gradient of potassium phosphate, the proteins elute in relation to their solubility in concentrated ammonium sulfate. This column technique appears to provide a general tool for the purification of proteins.     

Intersubband electroluminescence from silicon-based quantum cascade structures

The quantum cascade laser, which uses electronic transitions within a single band of a semiconductor, constitutes a possible way to integrate active optical components into silicon-based technology. This concept necessitates a transition with a narrow linewidth and an upper state with a sufficiently long lifetime. We report the observation of intersubband electroluminescence from a p-type silicon/silicon-germanium quantum cascade structure, centered at 130 millielectron volts with a width of 22 millielectron volts, with the expected polarization, and discernible up to 180 kelvin. The nonradiative lifetime is found to depend strongly on the design of the quantum well structure, and is shown to reach values comparable to that of an equivalent GaInAs/AlInAs laser structure.     

;hycomyces: Interference Between the Light Growth Response nd the Avoidance Response

Phycomyces sporangiophores showl a growth response to a light stimus and an avoidance bending response to a physical barrier. A bluie-light stimnlluts Imninisteredl in conjunction with a barrier interferes with the avoidance bending sponse. This interference begins ifter a latency of abotit 3 minultes atndt continues a period of 4 to 5 minutes.     

Using an unmanned aerial vehicle to evaluate nitrogen variability and height effect with an active crop canopy sensor

Ground-based active sensors have been used in the past with success in detecting nitrogen (N) variability within maize production systems. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents an opportunity to evaluate N variability with unique advantages compared to ground-based systems. The objectives of this study were to: determine if a UAV was a suitable platform for use with an active crop canopy sensor to monitor in-season N status of maize, if UAV’s were a suitable platform, is the UAV and active sensor platform a suitable substitute for current handheld methods, and is there a height effect that may be confounding measurements of N status over crop canopies? In a 2013 study comparing aerial and ground-based sensor platforms, there was no difference in the ability of aerial and ground-based active sensors to detect N rate effects on a maize crop canopy. In a 2014 study, an active sensor mounted on a UAV was able to detect differences in crop canopy N status similarly to a handheld active sensor. The UAV/active sensor system (AerialActive) platform used in this study detected N rate differences in crop canopy N status within a range of 0.5–1.5 m above a relatively uniform turfgrass canopy. The height effect for an active sensor above a crop canopy is sensor- and crop-specific, which needs to be taken into account when implementing such a system. Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with active crop canopy sensors provide potential for automated data collection to quantify crop stress in addition to passive sensors currently in use.     

Victim-induced criminality

In summary, there are certain issues that need to be dealt with if a coherent system of victim compensation is to be created. 1) Is the victim's entitlement to compensation qualified by his behavior in connection with the crime? If a Texas tycoon visits a clip joint, flashes a fat roll of bills, and gets hit on the head and rolled, is he entitled to compensation? If a man enters into a liaison with another's wife and gets shot by the husband, should his dependents be compensated? If a woman goes walking alone in a disreputable neighborhood and is assaulted, is she entitled to compensation? Unless the answer to such questions is a flat "yes," the adjudication of victim compensation as a "right" would be embarkation upon a vast sea of confusion. On the surface it may seem simpler to bypass the issue of "right" and declare for victim compensation as a matter of social policy-a logical extension of the welfare state approach. But the apparent simplicity may quickly prove illusory, in light of the second issue. 2) Is the victim's entitlement to compensation on the basis of indigency to be qualified by the requirement that an offender be apprehended and his guilt determined by a court? There are two levels to this problem. First, if a severely injured man reports to police that he has been mugged and robbed and if the police cannot apprehend a suspect, how is the administrator of compensation to know that the man is in fact the victim of a crime? The administrator of compensation must determine whether the episode was a criminal act or an argument-and who started it, and who precipitated the violence. What shall be the role of the witnesses, and of investigators? More important is the second level of the problem: How will law-enforcement of ficials and the courts evaluate the testimony of the victim if compensation of the victim may be at stake? In the evaluation of proposals for victim compensation, criminologists may need to think very hard about such questions and about the probable effects on the administration of criminal justice. These are pragmatic problems; there is a third problem which may at this time seem speculative, but is, nevertheless, quite important. 3) To what extent will a particular proposal for victim compensation contribute to a temptation-opportunity pattern in victim behavior? In previous studies it has been pointed out that large numbers of our fellow Americans have tended to acquire casual money-handling habits-generically designated "carelessness"-which contribute to the national growth of criminality. How the victim helps the criminal was sketched in reports of those studies (10). It was made abundantly clear that human beings in our affluent society cannot be assumed to be prudent or self-protective against the hazards of crime. Even when the "victim" is not overtly acting to commit a crime-as in the case of the property owner who hires an arsonist-he often tempts the offender. Among the victims of burglary-statistically the most prevalent crime in the United States-are a substantial number of Americans who keep cash, jewelry, and other valuables carelessly at home or in hotel rooms to which the burglar has easy access through door or window. Victims of automobile theft-one of the fastest growing classes of crime-include drivers who leave the vehicle or its contents invitingly accessible to thieves. And so on with other classes of crime. As pointed out in previous studies, when victim behavior follows a temptation-opportunity pattern, it (i) contributes to a "climate of criminal inducements," (ii) adds to the economic resources available to criminal societies, and (iii) detracts from the ability of lawenforcement agencies to suppress the growth of crime.     

Signal for attachment of a phospholipid membrane anchor in decay accelerating factor

Decay accelerating factor (DAF) belongs to a novel group of membrane proteins anchored to the cell surface by a glycophospholipid membrane anchor that is covalently attached to the carboxyl terminus of the protein. The last 37 amino acids of membrane DAF, when fused to the carboxyl terminus of a secreted protein, are sufficient to target the fusion protein to the plasma membrane by means of a glycophospholipid anchor. This approach provides a novel means of targeting proteins to the cell-surface membrane.     

beta-Glucuronidase catalyzed hydrolysis of benzo(a)pyrene-3-glucuronide and binding to DNA

beta-Glucuronidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of benzo[a]pyrene-3-glucuronide to 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. During the enzymatic hydrolysis, a benzo[a]pyrene derivative is formed which binds to DNA to a far greater extent than either the 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene or its glucuronide. These results suggest that conjugates of benzo(a)pyrene may be converted by beta-glucuronidase at intracellular and organ sites distal to the initial sites of oxygenation and conjugation of benzo(a)pyrene to activated intermediates that are possibly carcinogenic.     

确定相贯线上一些特殊点的作图法

提出了圆柱与圆锥正交、圆锥与球偏交、圆柱与球偏交等三种情况下确定相贯线上特殊点的数学模型及相应的作图法,为实现回转体相贯线的计算机辅助绘图提供了理论基础,为实际工程应用提供了一种快速精确的作图方法．     

SIR1, an upstream component in auxin signaling identified by chemical genetics

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. We used a chemical genetics approach to identify SIR1, a regulator of many auxin-inducible genes. The sir1 mutant was resistant to sirtinol, a small molecule that activates many auxin-inducible genes and promotes auxin-related developmental phenotypes. SIR1 is predicted to encode a protein composed of a ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like domain and a Rhodanese-like domain homologous to that of prolyl isomerase. We suggest a molecular context for how the auxin signal is propagated to exert its biological effects.     

Development of a database computer management system for retrieval on varietal field evaluation and plant breeding information in agriculture

This paper describes a specialized database system to facilitate decisions by the farmer in the choice of variety based on an analytical process of the way to improve crop yield and reduce the effects of environmental interaction.The system is a special computer software that gives the possibility to plan, analyse and build a database from the varietal agronomic trials of cereals. The principal target of the system is agriculture. On the basis of statistical analysis, the package provides a list of varieties recommended for cultivation in a specific environment. A further utilization of the package is for breeding and statistical inference to quantify the adaptability of varieties in a wide range of environments according to their stability parameters. The system was found to be flexible and user-friendly, and could be used for a number of different applications.     

A STUDY IN BIOKINETICS

In the foregoing pages the writer has attempted to point out first, the importance to physiologists of the discovery and application to their problems of a unit of physiological activity to serve as a universal measure of life processes. Second, a survey of the field of excitation and response points to the probability that electron transfers are involved in every case and, therefore, that such a standard of measure, if ever determined, will probably involve terms of radiational units. Third, a brief statement of some of the laws of radiation that seem to be involved is given, together with a sketch of the radiation hypothesis of chemical thermal reaction. Fourth, an analysis of the data of a few physiological processes is then presented, the results of which strongly suggest the possibility that the influence of temperature upon living processes may be due to dark-field radiations quite as much as the photochemical effects in living processes are due to radiation of visible light.     

Association of the HL-A7 cross-reacting group with a specific reaginic antibody response in allergic man

A relatively small proportion (17 percent) of individuals highly allergic to ragweed were found to develop marked reaginic (immunoglobulin E-mediated) skin sensitivity to a minor ragweed pollen allergen Ra5 (molecular weight 5200). Sensitivity to Ra5 was significantly associated with the possession of a major histocompatibility antigen of the HL-A7 cross-reacting group. This appears to be the first evidence of a strong association between a specific immune response and a specific group of closely related HL-A antigens in man.     

非计算机专VFP程序设计语言教学实践与探索

VFP程序设计语言是一种能处理大量的数据和进行管理系统开发的常用工具。它是很多高校非计算机专业的计算机基础课程，如何教好这门课程是计算机基础课教师非常关心的问题。本文对重视课前准备，精心制作多媒体课件、注重课堂教学，激发学习兴趣、重视上机实验指导、“无纸化”上机考核方式等几个方面进行了探讨。     

Roton-type mode softening in a quantum gas with cavity-mediated long-range interactions

Long-range interactions in quantum gases are predicted to give rise to an excitation spectrum of roton character, similar to that observed in superfluid helium. We investigated the excitation spectrum of a Bose-Einstein condensate with cavity-mediated long-range interactions, which couple all particles to each other. Increasing the strength of the interaction leads to a softening of an excitation mode at a finite momentum, preceding a superfluid-to-supersolid phase transition. We used a variant of Bragg spectroscopy to study the mode softening across the phase transition. The measured spectrum was in very good agreement with ab initio calculations and, at the phase transition, a diverging susceptibility was observed. The work paves the way toward quantum simulation of long-range interacting many-body systems.     

Coherent sensing of a mechanical resonator with a single-spin qubit

Mechanical systems can be influenced by a wide variety of small forces, ranging from gravitational to optical, electrical, and magnetic. When mechanical resonators are scaled down to nanometer-scale dimensions, these forces can be harnessed to enable coupling to individual quantum systems. We demonstrate that the coherent evolution of a single electronic spin associated with a nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be coupled to the motion of a magnetized mechanical resonator. Coherent manipulation of the spin is used to sense driven and Brownian motion of the resonator under ambient conditions with a precision below 6 picometers. With future improvements, this technique could be used to detect mechanical zero-point fluctuations, realize strong spin-phonon coupling at a single quantum level, and implement quantum spin transducers.     

Immunological self, nonself discrimination

The ability of immunodominant peptides derived from several antigen systems to compete with each other for T cell activation was studied. Only peptides restricted by a given transplantation antigen are mutually competitive. There is a correlation between haplotype restriction, ability to bind to the appropriate transplantation antigen, and ability to inhibit activation of other T cells restricted by the same transplantation antigen. An exception was noted in that a peptide derived from an antigen, bacteriophage lambda cI repressor, binds to the I-Ed molecule in a specific way, yet is not I-Ed-restricted. Comparison of the sequence of the repressor peptide with that of other peptides able to bind to (and be restricted by) I-Ed and a polymorphic region of the I-Ed molecule itself revealed a significant degree of homology. Thus, peptides restricted by a given class II molecule appear to be homologous to a portion of the class II molecule itself. The repressor-derived peptide is identical at several polymorphic residues at this site, and this may account for the failure of I-Ed to act as a restriction element. Comparison of antigenic peptide sequences with transplantation antigen sequences suggests a model that provides a basis for explaining self, nonself discrimination as well as alloreactivity.     

PC Software for Artificial Intelligence Applications

Our review has emphasized that AI tools are programming languages inspired by some problem-solving paradigm. We want to underscore their status as programming languages; even if an AI tool seems to fit a problem perfectly, its proficient use still requires the training and practice associated with any programming language. The programming manuals for PC-Plus, Smalltalk/ V, and Nexpert Object are all tutorial in nature, and the corresponding software packages come with sample applications. We find the manuals to be uniformly good introductions that try to anticipate the problems of a user who is new to the technology. All three vendors offer free technical support by telephone to licensed users. AI tools are sometimes oversold as a way to make programming easy or to avoid it altogether. The truth is that AI tools demand programming-but programming that allows you to concentrate on the essentials of the problem. If we had to implement a diagnostic system, we would look first to a product such as PC-Plus rather than BASIC or C, because PC-Plus is designed specifically for such a problem, whereas these conventional languages are not. If we had to implement a system that required graphical interfaces and could benefit from inheritance, we would look first to an object-oriented system such as Smalltalk/V that provides built-in mechanisms for both. If we had to implement an expert system that called for some mix of AI and conventional techniques, we would look first to a product such as Nexpert Object that integrates various problem-solving technologies. Finally, we might use FORTRAN if we were concerned primarily with programming a well-defined numerical algorithm. AI tools are a valuable complement to traditional languages.     

Serial-choice reaction time: inadequacies of the information hypothesis

The results of an experiment on serial-choice reaction time, specifically designed as a critical test of the Information Hypothesis, lead to rejection of the hypothesis; information is found to be neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition to account for the data. Where previously information had been interpreted as a determinant of reaction time, it was usually confounded with the probability of nonrepetition of a signal. Thus, to the extent that this confounding is present in previous experiments, the inference attributing an increase in reaction time to an increase in information is logically invalid.