Sex pheromone of the codling moth: structure and synthesis

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2Z, 6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.     

Sex stimulant and attractant in the Indian meal moth and in the almond moth

cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadien-1-yl acetate was isolated from the female Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and the female almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). It is the major if not the sole component of the sex stimulatory and attractant pheromone of female Plodia. It is present in the pheromone of the female Cadra along with at least one synergist.     

Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

Sex pheromone of the queen bufferfly: electroantennogram responses

Olfactory receptor responses (electroantennograms) were recorded from antennae of danaid butterflies. Antennae of male and female queen butterflies (Danaus gilippus berenice) respond equally strongly to the hairpencil of queen males, to its crude extract, and to one of its two identified secretory components (the ketone). Responses to the second component (the diol) are weak. Hairpencils of a related species, Lycorea ceres, which also contain the ketone, are equally effective in eliciting electroantennograms from both sexes of the queen. Antennae of another related species, the monarch (Danaus plexippus), respond to the same stimuli as does the queen. Monarch hairpencils, which lack the ketone, do not elicit electroantennograms in monarch or queen antennae.     

Sex attractant of the grass grub beetle

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the grass grub beetle Costelytra zealandica (White) has been isolated and identified as phenol. Field tests with phenol-water mixtures were attractive to male beetles in particular.     

Sex attractant of the black carpet beetle

The principal component of the sex attractant of the black carpet beetle Attagenus megatoma (Fabricius) is trans-3, cis-5-tetradecadienoic acid.     

Sex attractant in a brown alga: chemical structure

In the report "Sex attractant in a brown alga: Chemical structure" by D. G. Müller et al. [171, 815 (1971)], allo-cis-l-(cyclo-heptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1 in line 2 of the abstract and in line 4 of column 3, page 815 should read all-cis-l-(cycloheptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1.     

Sex attractant in a brown alga: chemical structure

The male-attracting substance produced by the female gametes of the marine brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus was identified as allo-cis-1-(cycloheptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1.     

Potent sex attractant of the gypsy moth: its isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant emitted by the female gypsy moth has been identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane. The structure was verified by spectral, gas chromatographic, and biological comparisons with the synthesized compound. Nine closely related isomers were considerably less effective.     

Sex attractant of sugar beet wireworm: identification and biological activity

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the sugar beet wire-worm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) has been isolated and identified as valeric acid. In the laboratory, male wireworm beetles are repelled by the pure attractant but are drawn with intense sexual excitement to its dilute solutions; in the field, male beetles are lured from a distance of 12 meters. The pheromone occurs in unusually large amounts in the female's body.     

利用雌性信息素监测梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾成虫发生动态

梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾是危害苹果、梨、桃等多种果树的重要害虫 ,前者在我省 1年发生 4～ 5代 ,后者发生 4代 ,2种害虫均有明显的世代重叠现象。其是较早利用性信息素进行防治的北方果树害虫 (陈子康等 ,1 990 ;周长泉等 ,1 998;陈汉杰等 ,1 998;李小燕 ,2 0 0 2 )。为推进性诱剂在生产上的应用 ,笔者于 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年在郑州郊区果园对产自瑞典的两种性诱剂进行了诱测试验 ,诱测结果能基本反映害虫的发生动态 ,现将 2 0 0 1年对成虫的检测结果总结如下。1　材料和方法1 .1　诱芯梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾雌性信息素诱芯由北京大学阎凤…     

Sex attractant pheromone of the house fly: isolation, identification and synthesis

A sex pheromone isolated from the cuticle and feces of the female house fly attracts the male fly; it has been identified as (Z)-9-tricosene. Chemical and biological comparisons of the natural and synthesized compounds show that they are identical.     

Rapid emergence of baculovirus resistance in codling moth due to dominant, sex-linked inheritance

Insect-specific baculoviruses are increasingly used as biological control agents of lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry, and they have been previously regarded as robust to resistance development by the insects. However, in more than a dozen cases of field resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to commercially applied C. pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) in German orchards, resistance ratios exceed 1000. The rapid emergence of resistance is facilitated by sex-linkage and concentration-dependent dominance of the major resistance gene and genetic uniformity of the virus. When the gene is fixed, resistance levels approach 100,000-fold. Our findings highlight the need for development of resistance management strategies for baculoviruses.     

Reproductive isolation of two tortricid moth species by different ratios of a two-component sex attractant

Two tortricid mitoth species, Adoxophyes orana and Clepsis spectrana, utilize the samne two isomers, cis-9- and cis-l1-tetradecenyl acetate, as their sex attractant. Commnlunication between the sexes of each species is separated effectively by a different blendinig of both compounds by the females and a different response to these blends by the males.     

Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.     

Sex pheromone of the winter moth, a geometrid with unusually low temperature precopulatory responses

The sex pheromone for the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), has been identified as the novel compound (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. The male moths respond to the pheromone at low temperatures (4 degrees to 15 degrees C) and exhibit an upper response limit that coincides with the lower response limit for other reported moth sex pheromone systems. The pheromone attracted two other geometrid species, O. bruceata (Bruce spanworm) and O. occidentalis.     

苹果蠹蛾成虫触角感器的超微结构观察

【目的】研究苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella(L.))成虫触角感器的形态、数量和分布特征,为进一步探索其各类感器的功能和感受机理、与外界的化学通讯机制等提供参考。【方法】应用扫描电镜,对苹果蠹蛾成虫触角感器的形态结构进行观察。【结果】苹果蠹蛾成虫触角上存在8种感器:毛形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、耳形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、锥形感器、鳞形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛。其中毛形感器数量最多,鳞形感器仅存在于触角背面,栓锥形感器分布于触角鞭节各亚节腹面远端,其他类型感器在触角腹面、背面均有分布。每种感器的形态和分布在两性间无明显差异。【结论】不同类型感器在苹果蠹蛾成虫触角上的分布具有一定的规律性。