气相色谱法测定20％毒死蜱·异丙威可湿性粉剂

[目的]研究20%毒死蜱·异丙威可湿性粉剂中异丙威和毒死蜱在同柱同条件下分离和测定方法,为产品的质量控制以及质检机构检测提供参考。[方法]以邻苯二甲酸丙烯酯为内标化合物,5%OV-101/Chromosorb W AW-DMCS(150-180um)为色谱柱固定相,利用FID检测器,通过一阶程序升温对20%毒死蜱·异丙威可湿性粉剂中2种组分进行分离和测定。[结果]20%毒死蜱·异丙威可湿性粉剂中2种主要组分及杂质均得到了有效分离,异丙威和毒死蜱的标准偏差分别为0.056、0.070;变异系数分别为0.53%、0.68%;回收率分别为99.08%～101.42%,99.03%～102.12%;相关系数分别为0.999 7、0.999 9。[结论]本文对20%毒死蜱·异丙威可湿性粉剂的气相色谱方法进行了反复实验,一次进样可同时测定异丙威、毒死蜱的质量分数,缩短了分析时间,达到了简捷、快速、准确的目的。     

丁硫·哒螨灵10％乳油的液相色谱分析

建立用高效液相色谱分析丁硫·哒螨灵10％乳油的分析方法.采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈、水为流动相,使用C18色谱柱和紫外检测器,在280nm波长下对哒螨灵和丁硫克百威进行液相色谱分离和定量分析.哒螨灵和丁硫克百威的线性相关系数分别为0.999 5和0.999 3,标准偏差为0.05和0.18,变异系数为1.95％和2.36％,回收率为99.07％和99.40％.本方法精密度、准确度均能满足同时进行哒螨灵和丁硫克百威的分析.     

噻嗪酮·异丙威可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文介绍了采用高效液相色谱法以甲醇 水为流动相,采用C18不锈钢柱,230nm检测波长对25%噻嗪酮·异丙威可湿性粉剂进行分离测定,异丙威和噻嗪酮的标准偏差分别为0.058、0.015,线性相关系数分别为0.9992、0.9994;平均回收率分别为99.47%、99.73%。     

噻嗪·异丙威25%可湿性粉剂的气相色谱分析

本文介绍了以5%OV-101色谱柱固定相,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物,用FID检测器利用程序升温对噻嗪·异丙威25%可湿性粉剂2种组分的气相色谱分离测定方法。结果表明,噻嗪酮和异丙威的标准偏差分别为0.026、0.047,变异系数分别为0.32%、0.28%,噻嗪酮的回收率为99.34%～101.03%,异丙威的回收率为99.16%～101.47%。该方法简便、快捷、准确。     

吡虫啉与异丙威混合制剂的液相色谱分析

本文以ＯＤＳ色谱柱，ＵＶ２５４ｎｍ检测波长，甲醇＋水＝６０＋４０（ｖ／ｖ）的流动相，克百威为内标物，测定混合制剂中吡虫啉和异丙威的含量。方法准确、快速、实用。     

20%哒·水胺乳油的气相色谱分析

本文叙述了采用气相色谱法即以5%XE-60/ChromosorbW/AW-DMCS(154~180μm)玻璃柱和氢火焰离子化检测分离测定20%哒·水胺乳油中的哒螨灵和水胺硫磷的含量。结果表明,哒螨灵和水胺硫磷的标准偏差分别为0.0286、0.0550;变异系数分别为0.5575%、0.3607%;平均回收率分别为99.69%、99.63%;线性相关系数分别为0.9998、0.9997。     

氟硅唑20%水分散粒剂的气相色谱分析

本文采用气相色谱法测定氟硅唑的含量,以邻苯二甲酸二戊酯为内标物,采用丙酮溶解,使用HP-1,30m×0.53mm×0.25μm熔融石英毛细管-柱和氢火焰检测器,对试样进行气相色谱分离和测定。本方法的标准偏差为0.10,变异系数为0.49%,平均回收率为99.81%,线性相关系数为0.999 2。     

吡蚜·异丙威40％可湿性粉剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文建立了混剂中吡蚜酮和异丙威反相高效液相色谱法的定量分析方法,吡蚜酮与异丙威的标准偏差分别为0．06、0．16,变异系数分别为1．2％、0．5％,线性相关系数分别为0．9998、0．9997,平均回收率分别为100．13％、100．04％。     

吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑悬浮剂气相色谱分析

建立了一种同时测定悬浮剂中有效成分吡唑醚菌酯和氟环唑含量的GC-FID分析方法。采用RTX-1毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)和FID检测器,以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯为内标,对试样中吡唑醚菌酯和氟环唑进行分离和检测。方法对吡唑醚菌酯和氟环唑的线性相关系数分别为0.999 9和0.999 9,标准偏差为0.11和0.05,相对标准偏差为0.45%和0.50%,平均添加回收率分别为99.01%和99.89%。     

异丙威+吡虫啉防治稻飞虱田间药效试验

试验结果表明,早稻本田施用20%异丙威EC 80ml/667m2 10%吡虫啉WP 15g,药后20～30d药效维持在95.91%～97.35%.每亩施用20%异丙威EC 90ml 10%吡虫啉WP 20g,药后20～30d药效维持在99.08%～99.33%;晚稻秧田施药在本田期5～45d仍对稻飞虱有控制作用.上述混配药剂对稻飞虱的防效和对天敌的安全性均优于单独施用吡虫啉.     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.