水稻外观品质性状和千粒重的QTLs分析

通过以明恢63和优质泰国香米KDML105两个籼稻品种为亲本杂交的重组自交系(Recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体,构建包含134个简单重复序列标记(SSR)的遗传连锁图谱.2009、2010年对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的粒长、粒宽、粒形、粒厚、腹白率、心白率和千粒重进行数量性状位点(QTL)定位.2009年检测到16个QTLs,其中粒长、粒宽、粒形、粒厚、腹白率、心白率和千粒重分别检测到2、2、1、1、1、1和8个QTLs,单个QTL可解释表型变异的4.43％～ 13.06％.2010年检测到19个QTLs,其中粒长、粒宽、粒形、粒厚、腹白率、心白率和千粒重分别检测到2、3、3、2、3、3和3个QTLs,单个QTL可解释表型变异的6.04％～24.31％.千粒重qTGW-3和qTGW-6-2在2009、2010年两年中均被重复检测到,qTGW-3在两年中分别可解释表型变异的13.06％和7.12％,qTGW-6-2在两年中分别可解释表型变异的7.66％和14.56％.     

日本水稻品种越光稻米的外观品质性状的QTL遗传剖析

稻米外观品质是稻米品质的一个重要方面.是消费者选择的重要依据之一,在一定程度上影响稻米市场价格.采用一个日本优质粳稻品种越光(轮回亲本)和一个印度的籼稻品种Kasalath杂交产生的回交重组自交系(backcross recombinant inbred lines,BILs)对7个控制稻米外观品质主要性状(粒长、粒宽、粒厚、粒长宽比、垩白粒率、垩白大小和垩白度)数量性状基因位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)进行定位分析.共检测到影响7个性状的22个QTLs,分布在8条染色体上,贡献率为5.65%～29.20%.其中在第5染色体上的R2232分子标记附近区域检测到影响4个性状的QTLs;在第3染色体上C1448和第6染色体G200分子标记附近区域分别检测到同时影响3个性状的QTLs,表明了这3个染色体区域对控制稻米外观品质性状中的有着重要作用.研究检测到的QTLs及其两侧的分子标记可以用于改良稻米外观品质的分子辅助育种.     

基于染色体片段置换系的野生稻粒长QTL——qGL12的精细定位

【目的】利用野生稻染色体片段置换系以及次级群体,精细定位与水稻粒长相关的QTL,发掘野生稻中影响粒长的新基因,为水稻育种提供遗传材料和基因资源。【方法】利用中国农业科学院作物科学研究所野生稻实验室已构建的野生稻染色体片段置换系群体,定位到一个与粒长相关的QTL——qGL12。在此基础上,选择粒长与受体亲本9311差异显著,且携带qGL12片段的置换系CSSL141与9311回交构建次级分离群体,设计区间内分子标记引物,筛选交换单株,结合粒型表型分析与基因型鉴定,对qGL12进行精细定位。通过扫描电子显微镜检测颖壳细胞,观察细胞的长宽变化,对定位区间内的基因进行基因注释以及测序分析,预测候选基因。【结果】根据整套置换系多个环境下的表型鉴定,qGL12初定位于第12染色体标记RM28621附近;选取携带qGL12的置换系CSSL141作为精细定位的亲本,CSSL141携带4个野生稻导入片段,在多年多点的田间试验中,CSSL141粒长、粒宽、粒重均明显高于9311;利用构建的CSSL141/9311 F2群体将qGL12定位于第12染色体标记RM5479与RM28621之间,影响粒长、粒宽以及粒重,对粒长的贡献率最高,为44.61%。在定位区间内设计了7个多态性分子标记引物,选择目标区间基因型杂合的植株种植F3,通过筛选交换单株,结合交换单株的基因型与表型,将qGL12定位于RM5479与RM28586之间50 kb区间内,为进一步缩短定位区间,在此区间内设计了4个多态性分子标记引物,选择交换单株种植下一代,筛选后得到20株交换单株,结合交换单株基因型与籽粒表型,最终将qGL12定位到第12染色体15.69 kb区间,该区间内有3个候选基因,其中Os12g39650编码一种微管蛋白,Os12g39660编码一种质膜钙转运ATP酶,Os12g39670尚未有明确功能,通过测序分析发现,Os12g39650、Os12g39660在编码区内存在变异;对亲本以及后代交换单株的颖壳细胞进行电镜扫描,发现9311颖壳细胞的长度与宽度均比CSSL141小,CSSL141/9311 F4代群体中,目标区间为野生稻基因型的交换单株颖壳细胞的长度与宽度均比目标区间为9311基因型的交换单株大,表明qGL12通过调控颖壳细胞的大小影响水稻粒长。【结论】利用野生稻染色体片段置换系,将野生稻粒长QTL——qGL12定位于第12染色体15.69 kb区间内,通过调控水稻颖壳细胞的大小影响粒长。该区间内有3个基因。来自野生稻的Os12g39650与Os12g39660与栽培稻等位基因相比,存在自然变异,确定为qGL12的候选基因。     

水稻粒形性状的QTL分析

为了促进水稻粒形性状分子标记辅助选择育种研究,以籼稻二九南和粳稻龙稻5号杂交衍生的重组自交系群体为材料,对粒长、粒宽和粒厚3个粒形性状进行数量性状基因定位(Quantitative trait loci,QTL)分析。结果表明:采用完备区间作图法(ICIM),共检测到7个控制粒形性状的QTL,包括3个粒宽QTL,4个粒厚QTL,它们分布于第2、3、5、11和12号染色体上,其中4个主效QTL包括1个控制粒宽的qGW5a和3个控制粒厚的qGT2a、qGT11a以及qGT12a,但未检测到控制粒长的QTL位点。进一步分析表明,3个控制粒宽性状的QTL能解释28.44%的表型贡献率,单个表型贡献率为6.61%~13.81%;而4个控制粒厚性状的QTL能解释17.53%的表型贡献率,单个表型贡献率为7.32%~15.30%。     

粳稻粒形性状的数量性状基因座检测

 【目的】通过对粳稻粒形性状的QTL检测,为粳稻粒形性状相关QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论依据。【方法】利用大粒粳稻DL115与小粒粳稻XL005杂交获得的F2代200个个体为作图群体,在北京进行稻谷粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比、千粒重等粒形性状的鉴定。采用复合区间作图法,利用SSR标记对上述粒形性状进行数量性状基因座检测。【结果】上述粒形性状在F2群体均呈正态连续分布,表现为由多基因控制的数量性状。共检测到与粒形性状相关的QTL 16个,分布于第2、3、5和12染色体上。其中qGL3a、qGW2、qGW5、qGT2、qRLW2、qRLW3、qGWT2和qGWT3对表型变异的贡献率分别为15.42%、40.89%、13.54%、33.43%、13.82%、13.61%、12.51%和10.1%,为主效QTL。其中,qGW2、qGT2、qRLW2和qGWT2均位于第2染色体上的RM12776－RM324 区间。在所检测到的16个QTL中,4个QTL的增效等位基因来源于小粒亲本XL005,而其余QTL的增效等位基因均来源于大粒亲本DL115。基因作用方式主要表现为加性或部分显性。【结论】粳稻粒形性状是由多基因控制的数量性状。第2染色体RM12776－RM324区间是分别与粒宽、粒厚、长宽比和千粒重相关的4个主效QTL的共同标记区间,与其相邻的2个标记（RM12776和RM324）应在分子标记辅助选择育种中探讨其利用价值。大粒亲本对稻谷粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重等性状的增效作用显著。     

Validation of qGSIO,a quantitative trait locus for grain size on the long arm of chromosome 10 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight and a trait having important impact on grain quality in rice.The objective of this study is to detect QTLs for grain size in rice and identify important QTLs that have not been well characterized before.The QTL mapping was first performed using three recombinant inbred line populations derived from indica rice crosses Teqing/IRBB lines,Zhenshan 97/Milyang 46,Xieqingzao/Milyang 46.Fourteen QTLs for grain length and 10 QTLs for grain width were detected,including seven shared by two populations and 17 found in one population.Three of the seven common QTLs were found to coincide in position with those that have been cloned and the four others remained to be clarified.One of them,qGS10 located in the interval RM6100-RM228 on the long arm of chromosome 10,was validated using F_(2:3) populations and near isogenic lines derived from residual heterozygotes for the interval RM6100-RM228.The QTL was found to have a considerable effect on grain size and grain weight,and a small effect on grain number.This region was also previously detected for quality traits in rice in a number of studies,providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.     

利用水稻籼粳重组自交系群体研究粒型性状与千粒重的相关性

以240个株系组成的TD70(粳稻)/Kasalath(籼稻)F7重组自交系群体为材料,对其千粒重按≤25.0g、25.1～30.0 g、30.1～35.0 g、35.1～40.0 g、≥40.1 g进行分组,并对各组进行粒型性状间的相关分析。结果表明:整个RIL群体中,粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重4个性状之间都存在极显著的正相关,在不同的千粒重范围内,粒型性状对千粒重作用的大小顺序不同。当千粒重≤25.0 g时,粒重的增加主要是靠增加粒长和粒厚,随着粒重的增加,粒长对粒重的作用逐渐变小,而粒宽和粒厚的作用逐渐增大,尤其当千粒重在35.1 g以上时,粒重的增加主要依靠粒宽和粒厚的增大。     

利用单片段代换系定位水稻粒形QTL

 【目的】水稻谷粒形状（粒长、粒宽和长宽比）是衡量稻米外观品质的重要指标之一，为更好地开展粒形分子育种，对水稻粒形QTL进行分子定位。【方法】以单片段代换系（SSSL）为材料构建分离群体，利用微卫星标记对控制水稻谷粒长和谷粒宽的2个粒形QTL进行分子定位。【结果】粒宽QTL Gw-8被定位于第8染色体长臂末端微卫星标记RM502与RM447之间, 遗传距离均为0.3 cM。在此基础上构建了覆盖Gw-8的物理图谱，RM502与RM447位于同一克隆AP005529，两者之间的物理距离为55.0 kb。粒长QTL gl-3被定位于第3染色体着丝粒附近的微卫星标记RM6146和PSM377之间，遗传距离分别为1.5 cM和11.0 cM。【结论】利用单片段代换系能准确地定位水稻粒形QTL，这两个粒形QTL的定位为其克隆及稻米外观品质的分子育种奠定了基础。     

Genetic dissection of the grain-filling rate and related traits through linkage analysis and genome-wide association study in bread wheat

Wheat grain yield is generally sink-limited during grain filling. The grain-filling rate (GFR) plays a vital role but is poorly studied due to the difficulty of phenotype surveys. This study explored the grain-filling traits in a recombinant inbred population and wheat collection using two highly saturated genetic maps for linkage analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS). Seventeen stable additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 1B, 4B, and 5A. The linkage interval between IWB19555 and IWB56078 showed pleiotropic effects on GFR₁, GFR_max, kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel thickness (KT), and thousand kernel weight (TKW), with the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 13.38% (KW) to 33.69% (TKW). 198 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were distributed across most chromosomes except for 3D and 4D. The major associated sites for GFR included IWB44469 (11.27%), IWB8156 (12.56%) and IWB24812 (14.46%). Linkage analysis suggested that IWB35850, identified through GWAS, was located in approximately the same region as QGFRmax2B.3-11, where two high-confidence candidate genes were present. Two important grain weight (GW)-related QTLs colocalized with grain-filling QTLs. The findings contribute to understanding the genetic architecture of the GFR and provide a basic approach to predict candidate genes for grain yield trait QTLs.     

Genetic dissection of ear-related traits using immortalized F2 population in maize

Ear-related traits are often selection targets for maize improvement. This study used an immortalized F₂(IF₂) population to elucidate the genetic basis of ear-related traits. Twelve ear-related traits(namely, row number(RN), kernel number per row(KNPR), ear length(EL), ear diameter(ED), ten-kernel thickness(TKT), ear weight(EW), cob diameter(CD),kernel length(KL), kernel width(KW), grain weight per ear(GW), 100-kernel weight(HKW), and grain yield per plot(GY)),were collecte...     

利用重组自交系群体定位水稻品质相关性状的QTL

以川香29B和中国香稻构建的重组自交系群体为材料,通过建立144个SSR标记连锁遗传图谱,采用复合区间作图法对水稻外观品质和蒸煮食味品质的相关性状进行了数量性状基因定位。共检测到了45个与水稻粒长、粒宽、长宽比、垩白率、直链淀粉含量、糊化温度相关的QTL,分布在水稻的第1、2、3、4、6、7、9、10、12染色体上,其中有9个QTL的效应被重复检测到。     

水稻粒厚主效位点qGT8精细定位和候选基因分析

【目的】在已鉴定的稻谷粒长、粒宽和粒厚QTL的基础上,对控制粒厚的主效QTL进行精细定位和候选基因分析,以解析川106B（C-106B）细长粒形的遗传基础,为进一步通过分子技术改良其产量水平提供科学依据。【方法】以细长粒形的优质籼稻保持系川106B与籽粒较宽厚的籼稻保持系川345B（C-345B）杂交,构建包含182个单株的F2群体,采用QTL Catographer v2.5软件基于复合区间作图法发掘与稻谷粒形性状相关的QTL;进一步从BC₃F₂群体筛选隐性单株（稻谷厚度较薄）对粒厚主效QTL（qGT8）进行精细定位,并对候选基因进行测序和荧光定量PCR分析。分别构建qGT8位点携带川106B等位基因的近等基因系（NIL-gt8^C-106B）和携带川345B等位基因的近等基因系（NIL-GT8^C-345B）并调查其稻米外观品质及产量性状。【结果】川106B和川345B的粒长、粒宽和粒厚表型存在显著差异。利用F₂群体检测到2个粒长QTL、3个粒宽QTL和3个粒厚QTL,其中,位于第7染色体区间RM21892-RM3589的粒长主效QTL（qGL7）可解释粒长变异的68.23%,川106B等位基因在该位点可增加粒长0.47 mm。控制稻谷粒宽和粒厚的主效QTL（qGW8和qGT8）位于第8染色体上相同区间RM6070-RM447,分别解释相应表型变异的26.48%和34.89%,增加粒宽或粒厚的等位基因均来自于川345B。利用1 732个BC₃F₂隐性单株,将粒厚主效位点qGT8精细定位在标记SG930和SG950间的11.2 kb区段,该区段仅包含1个注释基因LOC_os08g41940（OsSPL16）。对该基因测序分析发现,川106B和川345B在起始密码子ATG上游2 kb区段存在7个差异位点,在编码区有5个多态性位点,其中,川106B在第3外显子插入2 bp（c.1006_1007 插入CT）引起移码突变,且位于qGT8的OsmiR156结合位点,推测为川106B籽粒厚度变薄、宽度变细的关键位点。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,qGT8在幼穗中表达量较高,且在川106B和川345B中的表达方式相似,表达量在1-8 cm长幼穗发育时期随幼穗发育逐渐增加,8 cm时达到最高,之后随幼穗发育逐渐降低,但2个亲本在各时期的表达水平存在差异。近等基因系NIL-GT8^C-345B的粒厚、粒宽、千粒重、单株产量和垩白粒率显著高于NIL-gt8^C-106B,而粒长、透明度、株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗实粒数、结实率和播抽期与NIL-gt8^C-106B相当。【结论】控制粒长的主效QTL（qGL7）位于第7染色体区间RM21892-RM3589,控制粒宽和粒厚的主效QTL位于第8染色体的相同区间RM6070-RM447。粒厚主效QTL（qGT8）被精细定位在仅包含GW8的片段上,是控制粒形和产量的关键基因,但在近等基因系中高粒重与高垩白紧密连锁,表明该位点存在高产与外观品质改良的矛盾。     

Identification and QTL mapping of Z550, a rice backcrossed inbred line with increased grains per panicle

An elite backcrossed inbred line Z550 with increased grains per panicle was identified from advanced backcrosses between Nipponbare and Xihui 18 by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-assisted selection (MAS). Z550 carries 13 substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, with an average substitution length of 1.68 Mb. Compared with the Nipponbare parental line, plant height, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, and grain weight for Z550 were significantly increased. While the grain width of Z550 was significantly narrower, and the seed setting ratio (81.43%) was significantly lower than that of Nipponbare, it is still sufficient for breeding purposes. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping for important agronomic traits was conducted with the F₂ population derived from Nipponbare crossed with Z550 using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. A total of 16, including 12 previously unreported QTLs were detected, with contribution rates ranging from 1.46 to 10.49%. Grains per panicle was controlled by 8 QTLs, 5 of which increased number of grains whereas 3 decreased it. qGPP-1, with the largest contribution (10.49%), was estimated to increase grains per panicle by 30.67, while qGPP-9, with the minimum contribution rate (2.47%), had an effect of increasing grains per panicle by 15.79. These results will be useful for further development of single segment substitution lines with major QTLs, and for research of their molecular functions via QTL cloning.     

Identification of QTLs Underlying Folate Content in Milled Rice

Understanding the genetic mechanism underlying folate biosynthesis and accumulation in rice would be beneficial for breeding high folate content varieties as a cost-effective approach to addressing widespread folate deficiency in developing countries. In this study, the inheritance of rice grain folate content was investigated in the Lemont/Teqing recombinant inbred lines and the Koshihikari/Kasalath//Koshihikari backcross inbred lines. 264 F12 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and 182 BC1F10 backcross inbred lines (BILs) with their parents planted in randomized complete blocks with two replicates in 2010, and RILs harvested in 2008 were used for QTL detection using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method. In the RIL population, two QTLs, denoted by qQTF-3-1 and qQTF-3-2 (QTF, quantitative total folate), explaining 7.8% and 11.1-15.8% of the folate content variation were detected in one or two years, respectively. In the BIL population, a QTL, denoted by qQTF-3-3, was detected, explaining 25.3% of the variation in folate content. All the positive alleles for higher folate content were from the high-folate parents, i.e., Teqing and Kasalath. The known putative folate biosynthesis genes do not underlie the QTLs detected in this study and therefore may be novel loci affecting folate content in milled rice. QTLs identified in this study have potential value for marker assisted breeding for high-folate rice variety.     

Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice

There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen(N) on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level(150 kg N ha~(–1), 150 N), grain yield decreased(by 21.07–26.07%) under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading(BH) compared with the no shading(NS) treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150 N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading(AH), grain yield also decreased(by 9.46–10.60%) due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N(300 kg N ha~(–1), 300 N) could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150 N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight(T_(99)) was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18–5.91% in 150 N BH. In 150 N AH, the grain weight was 13.39–13.92% lower than that in 150 N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate(GR_(mean )and GR_(max)). In inferior grains, grain weight and GR_(mean) had a tendency of 150 N NS150 N BH150 N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300 N decreased the grain weight due to lower GR_(mean) both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150 N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150 N BH and 150 N AH. Shading with the high level of 300 N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.     

Identification of long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744 and QTL analysis for agronomic traits in rice

Length of grain affects the appearance, quality, and yield of rice. A rice long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744, with Nipponbare as the recipient parent and Xihui 18 as the donor parent, was identified. Z744 contains a total of six substitution segments distributed on chromosomes(Chrs.) 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12, with an average substitution length of 2.72 Mb. The grain length, ratio of length to width, and 1 000-grain weight of Z744 were significantly higher than those in Nipponbare. The plant height, panicle number, and seed-set ratio in Z744 were significantly lower than those in Nipponbare, but they were still 78.7 cm, 13.5 per plant, and 86.49%, respectively. Furthermore, eight QTLs of different traits were identified in the secondary F2 population, constructed by Nipponbare and Z744 hybridization. The grain weight of Z744 was controlled by two synergistic QTLs(qGWT1 and q GWT7) and two subtractive QTLs(qGWT2 and qGWT6), respectively. The increase in the grain weight of Z744 was caused mainly by the increase in grain length. Two QTLs were detected, qGL1 and qGL7-3, which accounted for 25.54 and 15.58% of phenotypic variation, respectively. A Chi-square test showed that the long-grain number and the short-grain number were in accordance with the 3:1 separation ratio, which indicates that the long grain is dominant over the short-grain and Z744 was controlled mainly by the principal effect qGL1. These results offered a good basis for further fine mapping of qGL1 and further dissection of other QTLs into single-segment substitution lines.     

Identification of genetic loci for grain yield-related traits in the wheat population Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22

The identification of stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield-related traits and tightly linked molecular markers is important for improving wheat grain yield. In the present study, six yield-related traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22 cross were phenotyped in five environments. The parents and 262 RILs were genotyped using the wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A high-density genetic map was constructed with 1 501 non-redundant bin markers, spanning 2 384.95 cM. Fifty-three QTLs for six yield-related traits were mapped on chromosomes 1D (2), 2A (9), 2B (6), 2D, 3A (2), 3B (2), 4A (5), 4D, 5B (8), 5D (2), 7A (7), 7B (3) and 7D (5), which explained 2.7–25.5% of the phenotypic variances. Among the 53 QTLs, 23 were detected in at least three environments, including seven for thousand-kernel weight (TKW), four for kernel length (KL), four for kernel width (KW), three for average grain filling rate (GFR), one for kernel number per spike (KNS) and four for plant height (PH). The stable QTLs QKl.caas-2A.1, QKl.caas-7D, QKw.caas-7D, QGfr.caas-2B.1, QGfr.caas-4A, QGfr.caas-7A and QPh.caas-2A.1 are likely to be new loci. Six QTL-rich regions on 2A, 2B, 4A, 5B, 7A and 7D, showed pleiotropic effects on various yield traits. TaSus2-2B and WAPO-A1 are potential candidate genes for the pleiotropic regions on 2B and 7A, respectively. The pleiotropic QTL on 7D for TKW, KL, KW and PH was verified in a natural population. The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the genetic basis underlying yield-related traits and provide molecular markers for high-yield wheat breeding.     

应用RFLP图谱定位分析稻米粒形的QTL

研究利用Asominori/IR2 4 的 71份重组自交系群体及其相应的具有 2 93个分子标记的RFLP图谱 ,采用单因子方差分析和区间做图方法 ,对控制主要稻米粒形性状的数量性状位点(QTL)进行了系统分析。检测出 9个控制稻米粒形的QTL ,其中包括 3个控制稻米粒长的QTL(R11、R12和R13) ,2个控制稻米粒宽的QTL(Rwl和Rw2 ) ,4个控制长宽比的QTL(Lw1、Lw2、Lw3和Lw4 )。研究认为 ,粒长是受多基因控制 ,粒宽受两对主效基因和多对微效基因控制的数量性状 ,粒长和粒宽是遗传上完全独立的两个性状     

利用染色体片段置换系定位水稻粒型QTL

水稻粒型是衡量稻米外观品质的重要指标之一,鉴定和定位水稻粒型QTL对开展水稻粒型分子育种具有重要意义.本研究以8个染色体片段置换系为材料,选用分布水稻12条染色体上的153个SSR标记检测染色体片段置换系的置换片段,采用代换作图法对控制水稻粒型的3个主效QTL进行定位.结果表明:153个SSR标记中有104个标记在亲本间具有多态性,多态率为68.0%;8个染色体片段置换系在第3和第5染色体分别有6个和2个置换片段,置换片段长度分别为14.8 cM、16.6 cM、 15.5 cM、18.9 cM、29.1 cM、35.0 cM、17.9 cM 和17.0 cM,平均长度为20.6 cM;8个置换片段上共鉴定出3个粒型QTL,控制粒长的qGL-3-1 和qGL-3-2分别被界定在水稻第3染色体RM5551与RM6832及RM6832与RM3513之间,遗传距离分别为14.8 cM和5.3 cM的范围内,控制粒宽的qGW-5被界定在水稻第5染色体RM267与RM169之间遗传距离约11.7 cM的范围内.利用染色体片段置换系能准确地定位水稻粒型QTL,qGL-3-1、qGL-3-2和qGW-5的鉴定和初步定位为其进一步精细定位及分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础.     

基于籼稻RIL群体的剑叶形态QTL定位

从1个高世代的RIL群体(用籼稻冈46B和A232构建)中选取178个重组家系(F12)和亲本间有多态性的142对SSR分子标记构建遗传连锁图谱,RIL群体分别种植于湖北武汉和海南陵水,统计两地水稻抽穗期剑叶长度、剑叶宽度和剑叶长宽比,并用QTL IciMapping4.0软件对其进行QTL定位分析。结果表明:在第1、第2、第4、第6、第7、第10和第12号染色体上共检测到14个QTL位点,包括5个叶宽QTL、6个叶长QTL位点和3个长宽比QTL位点,LOD值为2.52～5.62,解释表型变异率最小为5.56%,最大为21.27%,并且这些QTL表现为加性效应。