白粉菌诱导的小麦叶片程序性细胞死亡

选用对小麦白粉病菌抗、感不同的3个小麦材料,接种白粉菌小种E 09。接菌后分别用DAP I(4-′6-d iam id ino-2-pheny lindole)染色、末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记(TUNEL)以及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。其中感病材料百农3217和有明显过敏反应特征的抗病材料Pm 2/百农32177F 5接菌7 d时呈现明显的细胞程序性死亡(PCD),而抗病材料Pm 21/百农32177F5则未见PCD发生,说明小麦白粉菌互作过程中产生的过敏反应(HR)属于PCD的范畴,同时还说明小麦白粉菌互作体系中抗病反应与HR是相互独立的。但是亲和互作中产生的PCD和HR中的PCD产生的机理是否相同尚需进一步研究。     

三唑类杀菌剂Folicur与Caramba防治小麦白粉病的研究

通过室内苗期和成株期田间小区试验,测定了不同浓度的Folicur和Caramba对小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果表明,苗期1.15mL/L的Folicur,3.75mL/L的Caramba对小麦叶片具有很好的保护作用,对已发病的小麦叶片能够抑制叶片内病菌的生长。成株期发病前施药,Folicur和Caramba对小麦白粉病的防治效果分别为86.57%和82.09%,均高于常规用量粉锈宁的防治效果(68.16%);发病后用药,防治效果可达68%以上,仍高于常规用量粉锈宁的防治效果(65.74%)。     

不同品系对小麦白粉病的抗性鉴定

通过田间自然发病和人工接种鉴定，对2000年华北北部203份材料中选育出来的抗病性、丰产性好的48份材料再次进行成株期和苗期抗白粉病鉴定，鉴定结果：成株期免疫材料有24份，高抗材料9份，中抗材料6份。苗期无免疫材料，高抗材料31份，中抗材料10份。     

人工合成小麦对白粉病的抗性评价

本研究利用我国不同地区的20个小麦白粉菌菌株对28份合成小麦材料进行抗病性评价,并利用与基因连锁的分子标记检测这些合成小麦中Pm2抗白粉病基因。在供试的合成小麦材料中,C7、C14和C2分别抗14～16个菌株,另有6份材料能抗10个以上菌株,C16和C20不抗任何菌株。来自相同杂交组合的材料抗病性表现有很大不同。根据分子检测的结果,C9和C19的扩增片段与Pm2基因相同,但是抗谱分析表明这两个合成小麦对白粉菌的反应型与Pm2基因不同。     

四川抗白粉病育种概况

本文简要的慨述了四川小麦抗白粉病育种情况,提出了小麦抗白粉病育种的方法:常规杂交育种、回交转育育种、DNA分子标记的辅助育种、诱变育种等,强调既要加强垂直抗性为主的抗白粉病育种,又要进行持久抗性品种的选育与利用。     

洛阳市小麦白粉病测报技术研究

以历史资料为据．建立了气象因素对小麦白粉病影响的数学模型．经过回验，可以作为超长期预测模型应用；用多元回归法筛选因子，对其进行标准化处理．建立模糊关系进行聚类分析，把洛阳市小麦白粉病的生态地理划分为3类；当经济允许损失水平为3．1％时．防治指标为3月中下旬的病情指数9。     

邯农6号抗小麦白粉病基因定位

邯农6号是一个综合农艺性状较好且兼抗白粉和条锈病的小麦新品系。对其抗白粉病基因进行单体分析，结果表明：其抗白粉病基因位于5D染色体上。     

小麦抗白粉病基因的分子标记

小麦白粉病是威胁我国小麦生产的重要常见病害之一。培育抗病品种是防治小麦白粉病的一项既安全又经济有效的措施。分子标记技术的迅速发展使得该措施正在成为小麦技病基因研究工作的重要手段之一。到目前为止，小麦中正式定名的抗白粉病基因位点巳达30个(Pml-Pm30)，其中16个位点的18个基因巳成功地标记和作图，为这些技病基因的鉴别和遗传学研究以及分子标记辅助育种奠定了良好的基础。本文对BFLP、BAPD、AFLP、SSR等技术在小麦抗白粉病基因的分子标记研究方面的现状进行了综述。     

Recent advances in plant immunity with cell death: A review

Cell death is an important physiological phenomenon in life. It can be programmed or unprogrammed. Unprogrammed cell death is usually induced by abiotic or biotic stress. Recent studies have shown that many proteins regulate both cell death and immunity in plants. Here, we provide a review on the advances in plant immunity with cell death, especially the molecular regulation and underlying mechanisms of those proteins involved in both cell death and plant immunity. In addition, we discuss potential approaches toward improving plant immunity without compromising plant growth.     

甘肃甜瓜白粉病病原种及生理小种的鉴定

在甘肃省甜瓜主产区瓜州县、民勤县和皋兰县采集25份甜瓜白粉病病原菌,通过显微镜观察,利用引进的国际通用的甜瓜白粉病生理小种对本地区甜瓜白粉病病原菌的种及生理小种进行鉴定.结果表明:25份甜瓜白粉病病原菌均为单囊壳白粉菌(S.fuliginea)种,病原菌小种是S.fuliginea小种1和小种2US,其中小种1为优势生...     

Regionalization of wheat powdery mildew oversummering in China based on digital elevation

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the pathogen that causes wheat powdery mildew, is one of the most important diseases affecting wheat production in China, and the oversummering is the key stage of wheat powdery mildew epidemic. The more oversummering regionalization of wheat powdery mildew has played an important role in disease prediction, prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between oversummering data of wheat powdery mildew and the meteorological factors over the past years, and determined that temperature was the key meteorological factor influencing oversummering of wheat powdery mildew. The average temperature at which wheat powdery mildew growth was terminated(26.2°C) was used as the threshold temperature to regionalize the oversummering range of wheat powdery mildew. This regionalization was done using the GIS ordinary kriging method combined with the Digital Elevation model(DEM) of China. The results showed that annual probability of oversummering region based on Model 26.2 were consistent with the actual survey of the more summer wheat powdery mildew. Wheat powdery mildew oversummering regions in China mainly cover mountainous or high-altitude areas, and these regions form a narrow north-south oversummering zone. Oversummering regions of wheat powdery mildew is mainly concentrated in the high-altitude wheat growing areas, including northern and southern Yunnan, northwestern Guizhou, northern and southern Sichuan, northern and southern Chongqing, eastern and southern Gansu, southeastern Ningxia, northern and southern Shaanxi, central Shanxi, western Hubei, western Henan, northern and western Hebei, western Liaoning, eastern Tibet, eastern Qinghai, western Xinjiang and other regions of China.     

小麦品种Bogatka抗白粉病基因的分子标记定位

为明确小麦品种Bogatka抗白粉病性状的遗传基础,利用感病亲本薛早和Bogatka以及其杂交所得"薛早/Bogatka"F1与薛早回交得到的BC1群体,进行遗传分析和分子标记定位。结果表明,Bogatka中含有1个显性抗白粉病基因,暂命名为MlBogatka。进一步利用BSA法对BC1分离群体进行分子标记检测,得到与MlBogatka基因连锁的分子标记STSBCD135、Xgwm501和Xwmc332,并构建遗传连锁图。根据这些分子标记的染色体定位信息,该基因位于小麦2B染色体长臂。综合对该基因的标记定位和Pm6基因特异分子标记检测结果,推测该基因可能是Pm6或与Pm6位点紧密连锁的抗白粉病基因。本研究结果为Bogatka在小麦抗白粉病育种中的利用提供了依据。     

Multi-functional roles of TaSSI2 involved in Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew resistance and drought tolerance

The mutation of the gene encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase (ssi2) has been proved to enhance pathogen resistance in several plants, while it's potential to regulate biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat is still unclear. In this study, we cloned TaSSI2 gene in wheat and provided several evidences of its involvement in multiple biological functions. By using barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in wheat, it was found that TaSSI2 negatively regulated both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, which was consistent with the phenotype observed in knock-out mutants of Kronos. The expression of TaSSI2 was down-regulated by in vitro treatments of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), but positively regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), implying the cross-talk between different hormone signaling pathways involved in wheat to regulate biotic stresses is still to be elucidated. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PR4 and PR5 indicated that TaSSI2 probably regulated FHB resistance by depressing the SA signaling pathway in wheat. In addition, the over-expression of TaSSI2 increased the content of linolenic acid (18:3) and subsequently enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic Brachypodium. This phenomenon might be associated with its subcellular localization in the whole cytosol, partly overlapping with Golgi apparatus and the secreted vesicles. As a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase, TaSSI2 was proposed to be involved in cell lipid metabolism and carried targets out of the cell from membrane or wax synthesis, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance in plant.     

家榆种子老化过程中的细胞程序性死亡研究

该文以家榆种子为材料,在37℃、100% 相对湿度（RH）条件下老化,检测种子老化过程中细胞程序性死亡（PCD）的部分典型特征.DAPI荧光染色结果清楚地表明了老化过程中产生了凋亡小体,种子DNA电泳图谱呈现典型的“梯"状条带.细胞电解质渗漏率结果表明,细胞膜在老化过程中的一段时间内,保持了相对完整性.老化初期O－·2产生速率加快,H2O2含量激增、且O－·2产生速率、H2O2含量都维持在μmol数量级.这些特征充分证明种子老化死亡过程属于PCD范畴.      

贵农001中抗白粉病基因的RAPD标记研究

运用RAPD技术,采用分离群体分组分析法（BSA）对小麦种质贵农001中的抗白粉病基因进行了分子标记研究。结果表明,引物S2018可在抗病亲本贵农001和抗病单株中扩增出特异的DNA片段,而在感病材料和感病亲本龙96—6239中不能扩增出同样的DNA片段,该特异DNA片段分子长度约为900bp。用F2分离群体（110株植株）进行遗传连锁性分析,引物S2018扩增的特异DNA片段与贵农001抗白粉病基因相连锁,其遗传距离为1．7cM。该标记的获得为将贵农001中抗白粉病基因向其它小麦育种材料的转移提供了有效的选择手段。     

Identification of the resistance gene to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most damaging diseases to wheat in the world. The cultivation of resistant varieties of wheat is essential for controlling the powdery mildew epidemic. Wheat landraces are important resources of resistance to many diseases. Mapping powdery mildew resistance genes from wheat landraces will promote the development of new varieties with disease resistance. The Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao possesses characteristic of disease resistance to powdery mildew. To identify the resistance gene in this landrace, Baiyouyantiao was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Jingshuang 16 and seedlings of parents and F₁, BC₁, F₂, and F_2:3 were tested with Bgt isolate E09. The genetic results showed that the resistance of Baiyouyantiao to E09 was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively designated PmBYYT. An Illumina wheat 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was applied to screen polymorphisms between F₂-resistant and F₂-susceptible DNA bulks for identifying the chromosomal location of PmBYYT. A high percentage of polymorphic SNPs between the resistant and susceptible DNA bulks was found on chromosome 7B, indicating that PmBYYT may be located on this chromosome. A genetic linkage map of PmBYYT consisting of two simple sequence repeat markers and eight SNP markers was developed. The two flanking markers were SNP markers W7BL-8 and W7BL-15, with genetic distances of 3 and 2.9 cM, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated the rapid characterization of a wheat disease resistance gene and SNP marker development using the 90K SNP assay. The flanking markers of gene PmBYYT will benefit marker-assisted selection (MAS) and map-based cloning in breeding wheat cultivars with powdery mildew resistance.     

盐胁迫诱导小麦根尖细胞的氧化伤害及死亡

采用200 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl溶液对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)幼苗进行胁迫处理,然后对胁迫0、12、24、48和72 h的小麦根尖的H_2O_2含量、O_2~-产生速率、膜脂过氧化程度、质膜完整性和根尖DNA降解等进行分析研究。结果表明:在胁迫诱导的小麦根尖中,H_2O_2含量、O_2~-产生速率、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)含量和细胞死亡数都随着胁迫时间的延长而逐渐增加。对胁迫诱导的根尖进行组织染色发现,膜脂过氧化和质膜完整性破坏的程度和分布范围都随着胁迫时间的延长而逐渐加重和扩大。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳研究根尖DNA的降解情况,在电泳图上观察到DNA梯状和弥散型拖尾带,表明在200 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫下,小麦根尖细胞可能同时发生细胞凋亡和细胞坏死。     

BABA,BTH对番茄白粉病的抗性研究

分别以500 mg·L-1BABA和50 mg·L-1BTH两种诱导剂处理番茄幼苗,后期进行白粉病菌的接种,接种时间分别为诱导剂处理后1,2,3,5,8和15 d。通过病情指数、相对防效、H2O2和NO含量以及抗白粉病相关基因表达水平的测定,比较分析两种诱导剂的作用时间、最优处理模式以及抗病的相关机制。结果表明：BABA处理后防治效果最佳的间隔时间为第2天,且有效持续时间为10 d左右,BTH处理后1,3和5 d均为最佳期间且有效持续时间可达15 d,相对BABA持续期较长;BABA和BTH诱导后H2O2和NO含量均有显著增加;两种诱导剂处理后抗白粉病相关基因CHI3,GLUCA,GLUCB和PR1A表达趋势相近,但不同抗病相关基因在不同处理时间以及不同材料中均存在差异;喷施BABA和BTH后均有助于番茄抵抗白粉病菌的侵染,提高番茄的抗病能力。     

冬小麦两个抗源亲本对白粉病和条锈病抗性遗传规律初步研究

通过对５ 个（ 抗×感） 杂交组合 Ｆ１ , Ｆ２ 和 Ｂ Ｃ１ 群体对白粉病菌和若干个条锈混合菌种抗性的分析,探讨了８９ － ０７６ , Ｂ Ｐｍ１４ 两个抗源亲本对白粉病和条锈病的抗性遗传规律分析结果表明,这两个抗源亲本对白粉病和条锈病抗性为完全显性遗传,并且,对白粉病的抗性受２ 对显性基因控制;对条锈病的抗性受１ 对显性基因控制     

植物细胞程序性死亡研究进展

细胞程序性死亡（programmed cell death，PCD）是植物正常生长发育所必须的。植物PCD可分为两类：一类是依赖于Caspases的PCD，另一类是不依赖于Caspases的PCD。研究表明，线粒体、溶酶体、内质网和液泡等细胞器对植物PCD发生有重要作用。鉴于PCD在植物生长和分化过程中的重要功能，深入研究植物细胞程序性死亡对新不育系的创建、花卉品种改良、抗病抗盐育种有重要意义。