Study on Biological Control Of Rhizoctonia solani via Trichoderma

Strain T02-25 was selected from approximately 30 rhizosphere isolates of Trichoderma species isolated from roots of crops. Its biological activity against Rhizoctonia solani was determined for the control efficacy to pepper seedling blight caused by R. solani in the field. The assay methods were treating R. solani sclerotia by Trichoderma conidial suspension (106cfu ml-1) and scattering Thichoderma rice bran over the pepper root medium. The results showed that T02-25 was active against R. solani in both ways, and its control efficacy was 82.7% and 78.0%, respectively. In addition to comparison of the efficacy of the two application methods, the relationship of different factors in the control efficacy of Trichoderma against R. solani was discussed.     

Are mycoparasitism and chitinase production species or isolate dependent in Trichoderma ?

The relationship between taxonomic status of Trichoderma spp., chitinase production in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on four media and mycoparasitism in dual culture (confrontation assay)against four plant pathogenic fungi was studied. Seventy five Trichoderma isolates belonging to 35species have been screened. The plant pathogenic fungi used in confrontation assay were Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi , Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . The SSF media contained wheat bran, crude chitin (from crab shells, SIGMA) and salt solutions. The best performing isolates in mycoparasitism tests were Trichoderma flavofuscum, T. harzianum, T.inhamatum, T. koningii and T. strigosum. Some isolates exhibiting good mycoparasitism produced chitinase in SSF only at low or medium level. In contrary there were isolates with excellent extracellular chitinase production but their biocontrol potential did not belong to the leading group.Statistical methods have been used to evaluate the data.……     

木霉菌对五种植物病原真菌的重寄生作用

研究了哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum)T88菌株和深绿木霉（T.atroviride）T95菌株对立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、杨树料皮病菌（Valsa sordida）、杨树水泡溃疡病菌（Botryosphaeria ribis）、苹果树腐烂病菌（V.ceratosperma）、贝伦格葡萄座腔菌梨生专化型（B.berengeriana f.sp.piricola）的重寄生作用。对峙培养的结果可观察到，多数情况下，接种后2d内木霉与病原菌接触，随后覆盖或侵入病菌菌落，抑制其生长。光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察结果表明，木霉对不同的植物病原真菌重寄生作用方法不同。可观察到木霉菌缠绕病原菌的菌丝，或沿着病原菌的菌丝平行或波浪式生长，或产生铯状分枝、吸器或附着胞吸附于病原菌的菌丝上，或穿透病原菌的菌丝，最终使病原菌的菌丝细胞原生质浓缩，菌丝断裂等现象。     

用木霉培养物防治温床蕃茄苗猝倒病

用玻璃纸对峙法测定了57株从西南四省区获得的木霉对蕃茄倒病原菌(Pythium sp.)拮抗作用。结果表明:有37株对 Pythium sp 有明显拮抗作用,占测定菌株的64.9%,其中又以 Trichoderma aureoviride、T.citrinoviride 和哈茨小霉(T.harzianum)居多。木霉对 Pythium sp 的拮抗作用主要表现为菌丝消解和断裂,与木霉对 Rhizoctonia solani 的拮抗现象明显不同。用一株对Pythium sp 有较强拮抗作用的哈茨木霉制成麦麸砂子培养物,防治温床育苗的蕃茄苗猝倒病获得满意的防效,与化学农药敌克松和五氯硝基苯的防效相当,甚至略优。酿热物温床有利于木霉的生长和营养物竞争作用,因此用木霉防治早春蔬菜温床育苗中猝倒病是很有希望的。     

瓜类植物内生真菌对3种土传病菌的拮抗作用研究

[目的]了解瓜类植物内生真菌对瓜类植物常见土传病原真菌的拮抗作用.[方法]对分自不同瓜类植物及不同部位的461株内生真菌分别与黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum）、立枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）和菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）3种土传病菌进行对峙培养试验,观察菌落形态和生长情况,记载抑菌带的有无和宽度,计算供试病原真菌菌落生长抑制率,分析内生真菌对3种土传病菌的拮抗作用.[结果]内生真菌对供试病原真菌的拮抗作用表现为3种类型：抗生作用、基质竞争作用和寄生作用.在461株内生真菌中,共有13株对黄瓜枯萎病菌产生拮抗作用,25株对立枯病菌产生拮抗作用,64株对菌核病菌产生拮抗作用,分别占供试内生真菌菌株的2.8％、5.4％和13.9％.其中,菌株F30对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌带最宽,达19.0 mm.菌株JCL24对立枯病菌的抑菌带最宽,达11.3 mm.菌株F94对菌核病菌的抑菌带最宽,达14.3 mm.对黄瓜枯萎病菌菌落生长抑制率大于70％的共3株,分别属于Nigrospora、Penicillium和Rhizoctonia属.对立枯病菌菌落生长抑制率大于70％的共11株,分别属于Alternaria、Apiospora、Bipolaris、Colletotrichum、Exserohilum和Fusarium 6个属.对菌核病菌菌落生长抑制率大于70％的共17株,均为Fusarium属.[结论]部分瓜类植物内生真菌对土传病菌具有拮抗作用,主要通过抗生作用,少部分通过基质竞争和寄生作用抑制病菌生长.一些菌株对供试病菌抑制作用很强,可能具有用于瓜类植物病害生物防治的潜力.     

Antagnism of three strains of Trichoderma spp. against mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia salani

Three strains of Trichoderma spp. TV112, TX003, TY009 obtained from previous experiments could inhibit the sclerotial formation of two strains of Rhizoctonia salani AG1 (-1A) isolated from the rice paddies in Hanzhou of China. However, it is unclear if there are the antagonism and mycoparasitism of the Trichoderma strains tested against the mycelial growth of R. solani . The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of the Trichoderma strains to inhibit the mycelial…     

Effect of rare earth application on the growth of Trichoderma spp. and several plant pathogenic fungi

Rare earth elements (REEs) enriched fertilisers are currently used in China for soil and foliar applications to crops, but little is known about the effect of REEs applications on the growth of beneficial and detrimental soilborne microorganisms. The growth of biological control agents Trichoderma atroviride strain P1, Trichoderma harzianum strain A6 and strain T22, plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia scleroti…     

5个木霉菌株的抑菌谱及部分生物学特性

 5个木霉菌株在对峙培养中对水稻稻瘟病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌等18种植物病原真菌和7株土壤习居镰刀菌都有明显抑制效果。哈茨木霉菌株Th-B的抑菌效果显著高于绿色木霉菌株LTR-2和其他3个菌株,哈茨木霉菌株Th-A和Th-B的产孢能力高于其他菌株,Th-B对辣椒灰霉病的预防效果达65.20%.     

哈茨木霉T_2菌株耐药性的测定及其对几种病原菌的抑制作用研究

[目的]为提高木霉菌的生物防治效果。[方法]研究了哈茨木霉T2菌株对3种病原真菌(齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌和香蕉枯萎病菌)的抑制作用,分析其对7种杀菌剂的耐药性,并探讨了哈茨木霉T2菌株与杀菌剂联用对立枯丝核菌和齐整小核菌的抑制作用。[结果]哈茨木霉T2菌株对病原真菌的抑制随处理时间的延长而增强。处理后120 h其对齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌、香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制率最高,分别为63.10%、65.64%和33.84%。哈茨木霉T2菌株对多菌灵的耐药性最强,EC50为4 345.32 mg/L。在浓度为800 mg/L时多菌灵对哈茨木霉T2菌株的抑制率为13.73%,当浓度在50 mg/L以下时抑菌率几乎为0。哈茨木霉T2菌株对代森锰锌、露星较敏感。[结论]哈茨木霉T2菌株与甲霜灵联用,能明显抑制齐整小核菌、立枯丝核菌的生长。     

Fermentation,formulation and evaluation of PGPR Bacillus subtilis isolate as a bioagent for reducing occurrence of peanut soil-borne diseases

Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis coded, B4, B7, B8 and B10 were examined as biocontrol agents for their abilities and antagonistic effect on the in vitro growth of certain phytopathogenic fungi of peanut, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Bacillus subtilis isolate B4(GenBank accession no. EF150884) was the highly effective one for inhibiting the fungal mycelial growth. Batch fermentation of B. subtilis isolate B4 was carried out and the maximum biomass achieved was 4.53 g L~(-1) at 11 h. Bacillus subtilis isolate B4 was formulated and evaluated as a biofungicide to reduce peanut soil-borne diseases under greenhouse and field conditions at the side of Rizolex-T(fungicide) as standard. Treatments by formulated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) B. subtilis B4 and Rizolex-T in a soil infested with R. solani, S. rolfsii and mixture of them were more effective in decreasing percentage of damping-off, root and pod rot disease incidence(%) in greenhouse and open field environment during the two seasons 2015 and 2016. Treatments by PGPR gave highly dry weight and number of healthy pods compared to control of fungi treatment which was nearby to dry weights of healthy pods achieved by treatments by Rizolex-T in a soil infested with S. rolfsii, R. solani and mixture of them. Formulated PGPR B. subtilis B4 gave higher increasing of yield percentage than treatment by Rizolex-T in the two evaluated seasons 2015 and 2016. It can conclude that the produced bioforumlated agent was more efficient as fungicide when compared with the other chemical synthesized fungicides, safe for human and the environment and economy.     

中药材土传病害拮抗木霉的筛选与应用初探

 用稀释平板法对51份来自不同地区、不同生态环境的丹参、川红花等10种主要川产道地中药材根际土样分离到62个木霉菌株;木霉种群以哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）为主,其次是桔绿木霉（T. citrinoriride）和拟康氏木霉（T. pseudokoningii）等。对峙法培养结果表明,木霉菌株T23,T56,T45对尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌均具有较强的拮抗作用。初步研究了T23 ,T56在田间对中药材的防病作用,木霉处理不仅能显著提高川红花、丹参的出苗率,且对其幼苗具有促生作用,对川红花枯萎病和丹参根腐病的相对防效均达50%以上。     

西甜瓜根际真菌种类的研究

本文对西甜瓜从播种到收获及采收后的根际真菌进行了分离，共得分离物一千零二十一号菌编，然后对这些分离物进行了鉴定，并统计了它们在西甜瓜整个生长期及收获后的出现频率。结果表明：西甜瓜根际真菌种类有青霉、曲霉、根霉、毛霉、交链孢霉、木霉、立枯丝核菌、腐霉、疫霉、菜豆壳球孢。其中，毛霉、交链孢、镰孢霉在西甜瓜整个生长期及收获后都有出现，青霉、曲霉、根霉分离出现频率也很高，而立枯丝核菌、菜豆壳球孢、腐霉、疫霉、木霉只出现在西甜瓜生长的某个或某几个时期，且分离比例较小。     

绿色木霉菌对丝核菌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的影响

就丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)胞外多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Polygalacturonase,PG)及绿色木霉菌(Trichoderma viride)对PG活性的影响进行了研究.结果表明,双核禾谷丝核菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)AG-D融合群WK-47、WK-141、WK-160菌株,多核立枯丝核菌(R.solani)AG1-IA融合群YW-2菌株的胞外PG有较高的活性,不同核型的丝核菌胞外PG的活性差异显著;绿色木霉菌TCS-1菌株不同时间的发酵液对PG的活性具有明显的抑制作用.     

绿木霉菌株TY009防治纹枯病等水稻主要真菌病害的潜力

【目的】研究绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)菌株TY009对水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病和稻曲病菌作用效果,以及其代谢产物胶霉毒素在不同温度和pH条件下的活性稳定性,评价菌株TY009防治水稻纹枯病和其它水稻主要真菌病害的生防潜力。【方法】用色谱法从绿木霉菌株TY009培养液中分离、纯化出胶霉毒素;采用对峙培养方法测定菌株TY009对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用;采用常规抑制方法测定其代谢产物胶霉毒素对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝生长、菌核萌发的抑制作用,以及对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发、附着胞形成和稻曲病菌孢子萌发和次生孢子形成的影响;在不同温度、pH条件下测定胶霉毒素生物活性的变化。【结果】菌株TY009对水稻纹枯病菌有显著的拮抗作用。150 μg•mL-1胶霉毒素完全抑制水稻纹枯病菌的菌丝生长;160 μg•mL-1胶霉毒素处理菌核4 h后,完全抑制了水稻纹枯病菌菌核的萌发;50和10 μg•mL-1胶霉毒素分别完全抑制稻瘟病菌分生孢子萌发和附着胞的形成;1.0 μg•mL-1胶霉毒素完全抑制稻曲病菌分生孢子萌发和次生孢子的形成。胶霉毒素在100℃处理 60 min后,其对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝的生物活性没有改变;在pH值大于6.0时,0.5 μg•mL-1胶霉毒素对稻曲病分生孢子没有明显的生物活性,但低的pH孢子悬浮液中,胶霉毒素显著抑制分生孢子萌发和次生孢子的形成。【结论】绿木霉(T. virens)菌株TY009拥有多种生防机制,是一个潜在的、有效的生防菌株,具有应用防治水稻纹枯病并兼防稻瘟病和稻曲病的潜力。     

木霉菌对几种植物病原菌的拮抗作用

为探明木霉对植物病原菌的拮抗作用效果,筛选出优势菌株,从长沙地区的15种作物根围采集到27份土壤样本,经室内分离、纯化得到28个木霉菌菌株.利用对峙法和稀释法测定了28个菌株对花生立枯病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、水稻恶苗病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、白术白绢病菌的拮抗作用,得到1株对5种供试病原真菌均有强烈拮抗作用的菌株,经鉴定该菌株为哈茨木霉.对峙培养可观察到,多数情况下,接种后2 d内木霉与病原菌接触,随后覆盖或侵入病菌菌落,抑制其生长,其抑制程度随木霉孢子浓度的降低而减弱.温室盆栽试验发现,哈茨木霉对番茄立枯病防效显著,喷洒高浓度的哈茨木霉分生孢子悬浮液防效可达80%以上,且具有持续防效和刺激作物生长的作用.     

Proteomic study of three component interactions： plant, pathogens andantagonistic fungi

The molecular factors involved in the three-way interaction between plant, pathogenic fungi and antagonistic/biocontrol fungi, such as Trichoderma, are still poorly understood, even if they represent a matter of interest for improving crop management and developing new strategies for plant diseases control. The aim of this work is to investigate the components involved in this interaction and, for this purpose, a proteomic approach was used. 2-D maps of the protein extracts from the single co…     

Antagonism of local isolates of Trichoderma spp. on citrus root rot disease by Fusarium solani in the mekong delta of vietnam

The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch‘s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma     

Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species aggressive to Pleurotus in Italy

In the late 1980‘ s the development of a severe epidemic of green mold caused by Trichoderma spp.was noted in the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus (champignon) in the United Kingdom,North America, Spain and Holland, which caused extensive economic losses. The parasitic fungi     

木霉菌T-115D对马铃薯早疫病菌的拮抗作用

为了明确木霉菌T-115D对马铃薯早疫病菌的拮抗作用和拮抗机制,采用平板对峙培养试验和木霉菌T-115D发酵液对马铃薯早疫病菌生长的抑制试验,研究木霉菌T-115D对马铃薯早疫病菌的拮抗作用及其机制。对峙培养结果表明,木霉菌能迅速占领大部分空间,抑制马铃薯早疫病菌的生长,显微镜观察发现,木霉菌菌丝可缠绕和寄生早疫病菌菌丝;木霉菌发酵液对马铃薯早疫病菌菌丝生长有较强抑制作用,在木霉菌T-115D发酵液稀释3倍后对菌丝生长的抑制率为90.4%,发酵原液对马铃薯早疫病菌孢子萌发的抑制率为100%,说明木霉菌T-115D对马铃薯早疫病菌具有明显的拮抗作用,其拮抗机制包括抑制菌丝生长和孢子萌发、营养空间竞争和寄生作用。     

木霉生防菌对植物生长的影响

 自木霉(Trichoderma)被发现具有生防价值以后,对其重寄生作用和拮抗成分的分析投入了大量的研究。而对植物生长的影响却被忽略了。象根瘤菌(rhizobia)和菌根真菌(mycorrhizae)一样,木霉能够对植物的生长产生明显的影响。它能产生植物毒性成分而抑制植物生长,也能通过产生激素和根际竞争能力促进植物生长,特别是它能诱导植物产生抗性。因此,仅对其抑制病原菌的能力进行讨论是不足够的。木霉在促进植物生长和诱导植物产生抗性具有真正的潜能。