非洲白犀牛肝脏组织学观察

为了探明非洲白犀牛的肝脏组织学结构,试验取非洲白犀牛肝脏组织,采用石蜡包埋,4μm厚度切片,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色,光学显微镜观察,显微摄影的方法进行研究。结果表明:非洲白犀牛肝脏表面是富含结缔组织的被膜,结缔组织伸入肝实质中将肝脏分成若干个肝小叶,犀牛的小叶间结缔组织不发达,肝小叶分界不明显。肝细胞呈多边形,界限清晰,体积大,以肝小叶的中央静脉为中心肝细胞向四周呈放射性排列,排列规则呈索状。在肝血窦中可见红细胞及枯否细胞,门管区发达,小叶间静脉、动脉和胆管结构明显。     

驯鹿主要消化腺组织学研究

对驯鹿的肝脏和胰脏进行了组织学研究.驯鹿肝的结构较清晰,明显地分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、汇管区等结构.被膜为浆膜结构,肝小叶间结缔组织不发达,故肝小叶不大明显.肝细胞以中央静脉为中心,呈放射状排列.肝血窦的形状也不规则.胰腺表面被以少量结缔组织的被膜;实质结构也分为外分泌部和内分泌部;小叶间结缔组织不发达.     

甘加藏羊肝脏细胞组织形态结构观察

以甘加藏羊为研究对象,应用常规组织解剖学方法,制备石蜡切片,对甘加藏羊肝脏细胞组织结构与特征进行观察,为分析反刍动物肝脏生理机能提供形态学参考。结果表明:甘加藏羊肝脏分为四叶,表面覆以致密结缔组织被膜,结缔组织将肝实质分隔成若干个肝小叶。甘加藏羊肝脏小叶间结缔组织不发达,分界不明显。肝细胞呈多角形,其排列组成的肝细胞索(肝板)围绕中央静脉向周围呈放射性排列。在肝血窦中可见枯否氏细胞,门管区发达,其中小叶间静脉、动脉和胆管结构清晰可辨。     

鸵鸟肝脏的形态学观察

应用解剖学和组织学方法对鸵鸟肝脏形态结构进行了系统观察。结果表明,鸵鸟肝脏外包被膜,其结缔组织伸入肝内,形成不发达的小叶间结缔组织,将肝分成许多大小不同的肝小叶,中央静脉位于其纵轴中央,肝细胞排列成管状,以中央静脉为中心向周围呈辐射状排列,但不整齐。肝细胞管的中央有一小管即胆小管,其管壁亦由肝细胞膜构成。肝细胞管之间的间隙为肝血窦,窦壁由一层内皮细胞构成,窦内可见枯否氏细胞。     

驯鹿主要消化腺组织学研究

对驯鹿的肝脏和胰脏进行了组织学研究。驯鹿肝的结构较清晰，明显地分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、汇管区等结构。被膜为浆膜结构，肝小叶间结缔组织不发达，故肝小叶不大明显。肝细胞以中央静脉为中心，呈放射状排列。肝血窦和形态也不规则。胰腺表面被以少量结缔组织的被膜；实质结构也分为外分泌部和内分泌部；小叶间结缔组织不发达。     

中华竹鼠肝脏的组织结构

通过探究中华竹鼠肝脏的显微组织结构与特征,为中华竹鼠的人工养殖以及野生保护提供理论依据。试验采用常规解剖方法、石蜡制片和H-E染色技术,在光镜下对中华竹鼠的肝脏进行组织学研究。结果表明:中华竹鼠肝脏分为被膜和实质两部分。被膜覆盖在肝脏表面,由外层较薄的结缔组织和内层的单层扁平细胞构成。实质内肝小叶分界不明显,小叶内无清晰肝细胞索状结构;肝血窦内存在枯否氏细胞;中央静脉大小不一,分布不均匀;肝细胞呈多边形,有1～2个胞核;门管区明显可见,且有丰富的淋巴丛;小叶间静脉大小差异较大,小叶间动脉大小形状与小叶间胆管相似,部分门管区两者都不易找到。     

关于蓝孔雀主要消化腺的组织学观察

蓝孔雀主要消化腺肝，胰的组织结构清晰，肝被膜为一层浆膜，间皮下为较薄的纤维膜，小叶间结缔组织不发达，所以肝小叶的分界不明显，肝细胞在肝小叶内的分布以中央静脉为中心，其周边少数的肝细胞以放射状排列，其余多数的肝细胞则由几个肝细胞构成不规则的肝管而放射状排列，门管区明显，胰明显分为被膜，外分泌部和内分泌部，被膜由一层薄的疏松结缔组织构成。     

梅花鹿肝脏的形态及组织结构观察

梅花鹿是我国一级保护动物,具有极高的观赏和经济价值。用大体解剖与常规石蜡切片、HE染色等方法,对梅花鹿肝脏的形态及组织结构进行了观察。结果表明,梅花鹿的肝脏具有反刍动物的共同点,分叶不明显,但亦可分为右、中、左三叶,但无胆囊。其组织结构也和其他反刍动物相似,肝小叶间结缔组织不发达,分界不明显。被膜较薄,肝细胞体积较大,内皮连续、有基膜,内皮之间有枯否氏细胞,窦状隙中可见血细胞。门管区的小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉和小叶间胆管结构均清晰。     

蓝孔雀泌尿系统的组织学研究

蓝孔雀主要泌尿器官有肾脏和输尿管.肾表面有极薄的结缔纽织被膜,部分表面覆有浆膜.被膜的结缔组织伸入实质形成含量较少的小叶间和肾小管间结缔组织,内有淋巴组织和丰富的毛细血管.实质主要由大量肾小叶构成,每个肾小叶形似梨状,内有许多肾单位.肾小叶分皮质部分和髓质部分,可是没有明显的界限.皮质部分有中央静脉,中央静脉周围有肾小体.肾单位分皮质型肾单位(爬行动物型)和髓质型肾单位(哺乳动物型),输尿管管壁由黏膜层、肌层、外膜构成.     

双峰驼肝的形态结构研究

用光镜与电镜研究了我国３５例双峰驼肝的解剖与组织结构。肝略呈三角形，体大，重达８～１２ｋｇ，其外观和马肝相似，都分为左叶、右叶和中叶（包括方叶和尾叶），但脏面有不少沟裂。组织上肝也由肝小叶组成。肝细胞浆中常有胆红素颗粒。肝被膜厚似脾并向内伸入。小叶周围区的结缔组织不多，但在门管区的小叶间动脉、静脉和胆管外周，结缔组织则形成厚鞘。小叶下静脉壁也有大量胶原纤维束。小叶内肝实质的支持组织包括狄氏间隙的网状纤维和中央静脉近周的胶原纤维束。电镜发现，窦状隙内皮细胞衬里层较厚，细胞浆中线粒体很少，而吞饮泡和微丝、微管却相当多。狄氏间隙明显。肝细胞含大量细胞器和内含物。作者还发现肝细胞群中有滑面内质网较多的“明细胞”，推测这种细胞同白蛋白的合成有关。     

八点黑獭兔胃、空肠、肝组织结构的研究

取60、90和180日龄八点黑獭兔的胃、空肠、肝制作切片,显微镜下研究其组织构造特点。结果显示：獭兔胃组织由内到外依次为粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜,胃肌层随着日龄的增加而逐渐加厚;空肠粘膜层和肌层均随着年龄的增加而增厚,粘膜层中的肠绒毛尤为明显,杯状细胞的数目也有所增加;各年龄段肝切片差异不大,肝小叶不明显,肝细胞以中央静脉为轴心呈放射状排列,窦状隙内见有大量红细胞：相同年龄段獭兔的胃、空肠、肝组织学结构未见性别间的明显差异。     

Immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopic comparison of the collagen network constructions between pig, goat and chicken livers

The distribution and three-dimensional architecture of collagen fibers were compared between pig, goat and chicken livers. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that collagen type I was identified in the interlobular connective tissue region and intralobular areas in pigs and goats. Type III collagen was also identified in the interlobular connective tissue region and intralobular sinusoidal walls. In the chicken liver, only the circumference region of the vessels was immunostained with collagen type I and III antibodies and the interlobular connective tissue wall could not be distinguished clearly. In the intralobular region, collagen type I antibody immunoreacted around the hepatic cells but collagen type III antibody immunoreacted weakly. In the NaOH macerated specimen, well-developed collagen bundles formed the prominent interlobular walls in pigs. In contrast, the wall in the goat liver comprised a thin layer of the bundles. In the chicken liver, there were no notable collagen septa between lobules. The intralobular collagen construction was quite different between the animals, indicating a fragile collagen fibril networks in pigs, a robust framework in goats and dense fabric-like septa in chickens. These results indicate that the distinct collagen frameworks may contribute to the histological strength of the livers in each of the animal species.     

Expression of the sweet receptor protein, T1R3, in the human liver and pancreas

The expression of T1R3, a taste receptor essential for the perception of sweetness and umami-taste, was examined by immunohistochemistry to determine whether and where it may be localized in the liver and pancreas. In the liver, both immunopositive and immunonegative reactions were detected; bile ducts and intercalated portions of the bile ductules were immunopositive to T1R3, while arterioles and venules were immunonegative in interlobular connective tissue. In the hepatic lobule, all other cells including liver cells (hepatocytes) and bile capillaries were immunonegative. In the pancreas, all endocrine portions of the pancreas were immunonegative to T1R3. Within the exocrine portions, immunopositive reactions were detected in excretory duct cells, intercalated cells, and centroacinar cells. In contrast, acinar cells were immunonegative, as were vessels, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and connective tissue cells in the exocrine portions. The restricted localization of T1R3 in the duct cells of the liver and pancreas in the present study may indicate that T1R3 is involved in monitoring changes in the makeup of bile and pancreatic juices in the hepatic and pancreatic duct systems.     

东北虎主要消化腺的组织学研究

通过光镜对东北虎主要几种消化腺的H.E染色石蜡切片进行观察,结果表明,东北虎肝小叶间的结缔组织不发达,小叶的界限不清晰,肝细胞体积较大,核位于细胞一侧,肝细胞多呈索状排列,窦状隙不明显;胰腺外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,腺泡形状不一,由单层锥状腺上皮细胞组成,胰岛是一些大小不等的细胞团和细胞索,分散于外分泌部之间,胞质染色较外分泌部浅;腮腺为纯浆液腺泡,胞质着色呈嗜酸性,颌下腺是以黏液性细胞为主,含少量的浆液性细胞半月。     

成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺的形态学观察

本试验研究了成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺的形态特征。实验应用20只皖西白鹅母鹅。鹅放血致死后,解剖观察消化腺的组成,取消化腺的各部分,制作组织切片。结果表明:成年皖西白鹅母鹅消化腺由唾液腺、肝脏和胰腺组成。肝脏的组织结构由肝小叶和门管区构成,肝小叶由中央静脉、肝细胞管和肝窦组成,门管区包括小叶间胆管、小叶间动脉和小叶间静脉,还有淋巴组织分布。胰腺包括外分泌部和内分泌部,外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,内分泌部为一细胞团,即胰岛。     

肉鸡胚胎发育过程中肝脏的组织学观察

肝脏是家禽体内最大的消化腺,其发生发育与功能的行使紧密相连。本研究从组织学的角度观察肉鸡肝脏组织在胚胎发育过程中的特点,并比较高、低脂系间肝脏组织在发育过程中的区别。结果发现,肝叶体积随日龄的增长而增加;胚胎发育至12日龄时肝小叶结构基本发育完整;在胚胎发育后期,肝细胞内脂滴明显增加,且肝叶周边的肝细胞较肝叶中心的肝细胞增殖活动旺盛。而在整个胚胎发育过程中,两系间肝细胞内脂滴沉积并没有明显的区别。     

雷州山羊部分脏器的组织形态观察

对15只雷州山羊肺、肾、卵巢、肝、脾、胰进行了组织学观察,结果如下：①肺的实质由导气部和呼吸部组成,导气部中主要见到的是细支气管和终末细支气管,偶见小支气管,细支气管黏膜上皮形成许多明显的皱襞,固有膜下有完整的平滑肌。肺泡呈多面形囊泡,壁极薄,由肺泡上皮围成;②肾内皮质肾单位和髓旁肾单位在数量上无明显差别,髓放线发达,有一些髓放线深入皮质浅层,在延伸中逐渐变细;③卵巢被膜下有许多原始卵泡,皮质中生长卵泡也很多,偶见成熟卵泡;④肝间质组织少,肝小叶分界不清,切面呈不规则的多边形,肝细胞以中央静脉为中心呈放射状排列;⑤脾脏表面覆有一层较厚的由平滑肌组成的被膜,染成红色,被膜结缔组织伸入脾内形成许多分支的小梁。白髓中脾小结呈圆形或卵圆形,淋巴细胞密集。脾索含有较多的血细胞而红染,相互连接成网;⑥胰的表面由少量结缔组织组成的被膜,胰岛大小不等,胰岛细胞呈梭形或圆形,核染色较淡。     

Glandular structures in the major interlobular and extrapancreatic ducts in the guinea pig

The morphology of the pancreatic duct system did not receive much attention as compared to the microanatomy of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. The histological peculiarities of the excretory duct system are of major importance especially in laboratory animals like guinea pigs. The paper describes the histological peculiarities of the major interlobular and extrapancreatic ducts in guinea pigs. The pancreatic tissue samples were collected from five guinea pigs. For histological investigation, several pancreatic fragments underwent fixation in 10% buffered formalin and were later processed by the standard paraffin technique. Subsequentially, tissue sections were stained by Goldner's trichrome staining. The mucous substances were assessed by Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff staining methods. The interlobular and main pancreatic ducts in the guinea pig present a simple columnar epithelium surrounded by a thick layer of dense connective tissue. The aforementioned epithelium of the main pancreatic ducts includes principal cells, goblet cells and basal cells. Additionally, the ductal epithelium presents occasional unicellular multiloculated intraepithelial mucous glands and prominent extraepithelial glands. The latter adopts a simple or compound tubular feature. The mucus elaborated by the three glandular types is mostly neutral in goblet cells, predominantly acidic in extraepithelial ductal glands, and a similar amount of acidic and neutral mucin in intraepithelial glands. In conclusion, the epithelium-associated mucous glands in the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts in the guinea pig are restricted not only to goblet cells. A substantial mucous discharge probably with a protecting role against irritative pancreatic juice derives from the main ductal intraepithelial and extraepithelial glands.