Potential of dried cassava pulp as an alternative energy source for laying hens

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential use of dried cassava pulp (DCP) with reference to productive performance, nutrient digestibility, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol, cecal microbial populations, and volatile fatty acids production in laying hens. In experiment 1, a total of 48 laying hens (Isa Brown) were placed in individual cages and assigned randomly to one of 6 dietary treatment groups consisting of a control and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% DCP for 10 d. Feeding laying hens with diets containing up to 20% DCP did not affect the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention (P > 0.05). In experiment 2, a total of 288 laying hens (Isa Brown) were randomly distributed to 6 dietary groups (one control and 5 DCP: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) for 12 wk. The results show that diets containing up to 20% DCP had no significant effects on productive performance or egg quality (P > 0.05). The inclusion of DCP at levels of 20 to 25% showed a positive effect on decreased egg yolk cholesterol (P < 0.05). In addition, DCP also increased the cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations, acetic acid, and propionic acid production. In conclusion, DCP can be used as part of the energy source in laying hen diets at up to 20% inclusion, without showing negative effects on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and egg quality. Feeding DCP can potentially modulate egg yolk cholesterol and cecal microbial populations and alter volatile fatty acids production.     

Alterations in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs exposed to ionizing radiation during induced androgenesis

Ionizing radiation (IR) is applied to inactivate nuclear genome in the salmonid eggs to induce androgenetic development. However, it has been considered that doses of IR used to damage maternal chromosomes may also affect morphology of the eggs and decrease their developmental potential. Thus, the main goal of the present research was to assess alterations in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs caused by the high dose of IR administered during androgenesis. In the present research, rainbow trout eggs were irradiated with 350 Gy of X‐rays, inseminated and exposed to the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) shock to develop as androgenetic doubled haploids (DHs). The distribution of lipid droplets in the irradiated and non‐irradiated rainbow trout eggs, survival rates and morphology of larvae from androgenetic and control groups were compared. It has been observed that non‐irradiated and irradiated eggs exhibited altered distribution of lipid droplets. Most of the eggs before IR treatment displayed rather equal distribution of the oil droplets. In turn, majority of eggs studied after irradiation had coalesced lipid droplets, a pattern found in eggs with reduced quality. Incidences of abnormally developed larvae were more frequently observed among fish that hatched from the irradiated eggs. Observed changes suggest X‐rays applied for the genetic inactivation of rainbow trout eggs may lead to decrease of their developmental competence.     

浸泡法加工鹌鹑皮蛋工艺配方的研究

为了延长鹌鹑蛋的保质期,增加其附加值,进行了浸泡法加工鹌鹑皮蛋工艺的研究,参考鸡皮蛋加工工艺,在其他配料不变的情况下,改变食用碱的用量,采用NaOH浓度不同的浸泡液加工鹌鹑皮蛋,结果表明:加工500g鹌鹑蛋,食用碱用量35g时,加工的鹌鹑皮蛋,弹性好,口感好,风味独特;食用碱用量40g,鹌鹑皮蛋成熟时间短,有点硬,碱味稍重;食用碱用量30g,皮蛋成熟晚,较软,溏心大;通过不同浓度NaOH料液对鹌鹑皮蛋加工的比较试验,筛选出了适宜于高原地区鹌鹑皮蛋加工的工艺,为鹌鹑皮蛋生产提供了理论依据,有一定参考价值。     

不同添加剂对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料发酵品质及牛瘤胃降解率的影响

研究4种不同添加剂对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料发酵品质以及牛瘤胃降解率的影响,并筛选出适宜的添加剂。试验采用密封塑料桶进行混贮,薯渣和玉米秸秆混贮水分含量控制在70%(混贮比例为1∶2),设置了对照组(CK)、微贮博士组(处理1)、青贮邦组(处理2)、拉巴克思复合添加剂组(处理3)以及亚芯组(处理4)5个处理,每个处理3个重复,贮存期60 d。采用实验室化学分析法及半体内试验测定第60天发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率。结果表明各处理组和对照组(CK组)的感官评定结果无明显差异;经过发酵品质分析测定,4种添加剂处理均改善了薯渣饲料的发酵品质,其中处理4组的乳酸含量最高(P<0.01),pH和氨态氮含量最低(P<0.05);各添加剂处理均提高了薯渣混贮饲料的有氧稳定性,其中以处理4组效果最佳(P<0.01),有氧稳定时间为162 h,比CK组延长50 h,其次是处理2组(P<0.01)、处理3组(P<0.01),处理1组改善效果不明显;在瘤胃中培养48 h后,处理组干物质(DM)瘤胃降解率显著高于CK组(P<0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃降解率极显著高于CK组(P<0.01);处理4组的NDF瘤胃降解率最高,显著高于处理3(P<0.05),但与其他处理组的NDF瘤胃降解率差异不显著(P>0.05);处理4组的ADF瘤胃降解率显著高于3组和CK组(P<0.05),与处理1组和处理2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。处理1组的淀粉瘤胃降解率比CK提高2.83%(P<0.01),其他各处理组间淀粉的牛瘤胃降解率无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,添加剂处理对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料的发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率等均有改善作用,其中以亚芯组处理效果最好。     

The effects of inclusion levels of urea-treated potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources on finishing performance and carcass quality in cull beef cows

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate (0, 15, 30 or 45%; on a dry matter basis) and roughage sources (rice straw or wheat straw) on finishing performance and carcass quality of cull beef cows. Sixteen Japanese Black (Wagyu) mature cull cows (490 ± 31 kg of BW) were used in this experiment. Increasing the levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources did not significantly affect feed intake in cows. In addition, the final body weight, daily gain and feed : gain ratio were not influenced by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and the type of roughage. Increasing the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate would probably decrease the marbling score. The L* values of the longissimus muscle (LM) tended to respond quadratically ( P  = 0.078) as the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate increased, and was lowest for cows fed the concentrate which included 30% potato pulp silage. The a* and b* values of the LM and fat color were not affected by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate. No effects of roughage sources on finishing performance were observed.     

Effects of dietary inclusion of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on lamb muscle metabolomics and physicochemical properties in meat

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME) on muscle metabolomics and physicochemical properties of lamb meat. Thirty-six uncastrated male lambs (90 d old) were fed experimental diets, which treatments consisted of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% inclusion of YME. Animals were fed for 50 d before slaughter. Muscle and meat samples were collected for metabolomics and meat quality analysis, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design and analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. There was a quadratic effect of YME inclusion in tenderness (P < 0.05) and a positive linear effect on meat lightness (P < 0.05). No qualitative changes (P > 0.05) on individual metabolites were observed; however, changes in the quantitative metabolic profile were observed, showing that animals fed 1% and 2% of YME have a greater concentration of desirable endogenous muscle antioxidants, with direct impact on metabolic pathways related to beta-alanine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Therefore, YME dietary supplementation up to 2% of the diet to lambs had little to no effects on the majority of meat quality traits evaluated; moreover, 4% of YME inclusion negatively affected feed intake and meat quality traits.     

甜菜渣中添加不同农作物副产品对其青贮发酵品质的影响

本试验以甜菜渣为主要青贮原料,研究均添加20%(占鲜重)粉碎稻秸、粉碎玉米秸、豆荚和麸皮作为吸收剂对甜菜渣青贮品质的影响,甜菜渣直接青贮为对照组。结果表明,在发酵品质方面:各组pH值组间差异不显著(P0.05);所有处理组的氨态氮含量比甜菜渣组低,且与甜菜渣组均差异极显著(P0.01);各个处理组的乳酸含量和乙酸含量差异显著(P0.05);各处理组可降低丁酸的含量,尤其是稻秸组和豆荚组,未检测到丁酸含量。而在营养价值方面:各处理组可以较多的保存可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量,各处理组达到极显著(P0.01);同时各处理组还能较好的保留干物质,干物质损失率的组间差异显著(P0.01)。综合青贮品质和经济方面考虑,本试验中20%(占鲜重)的粉碎稻秸与甜菜渣青贮效果最好,其次是添加20%(占鲜重)的豆荚、麸皮和粉碎玉米秸。     

添加玉米粉对甜菜渣青贮品质的影响

以甜菜渣为青贮原料,研究玉米粉及其不同添加量(20、40、60、80、100 kg/t)对甜菜渣青贮品质的影响,以期为生产实践提供科学依据.结果表明:添加玉米粉后.甜菜渣青贮料的pH值、粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),干物质含量显著增加(P<0.05).添加100 kg/t的玉米粉可显著降低氡态氮的含量(P<0.05),且可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量为对照组的6倍.各处理组的乳酸和乙酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),丙酸和丁酸含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).     

酵母硒对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力及蛋黄硒含量的影响

试验选用270只44周龄健康江西东乡黑羽绿壳蛋鸡,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复18只鸡,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,1组为对照组,2、3组在饲喂相同基础日粮基础上分别以酵母硒形式添加Se 0、0.25、0.50 mg/kg,预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明,在基础日粮中添加0.25、0.50 mg/kg对平均蛋重、产蛋率、合格蛋率、料蛋比和死淘率均无显著影响(P>0.05),可极显著减缓蛋在贮存过程中蛋白质品质的下降(P<0.01),极显著升高蛋黄中硒的含量(P<0.01);显著或极显著提高蛋鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05或P<0.01)和总抗氧化能力(P<0.01),极显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.01)。综合考虑,基础日粮中酵母硒的适宜添加量为0.25 mg/kg。     

饲粮添加粪肠球菌对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、脂质代谢和肠道微生物数量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加粪肠球菌对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、脂质代谢和肠道微生物数量的影响。选择137日龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡450只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、1.0×10~4、1.0×10~6、1.0×10~8和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌(CGMCC1.2135T)的试验饲粮。试验期168 d。结果显示:1)试验第113~140天和第141~168天,1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组蛋鸡的产蛋量极显著高于对照组和其他粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01)。试验第141~168天,1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的料蛋比显著低于1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05)。2)试验第56天,各粪肠球菌添加组的蛋壳厚度均显著高于对照组(P0.05),对照组和1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋白高度显著高于1.0×10~4和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05);试验第84天和第140天,1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋白高度显著高于1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05)。试验第56天,1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的哈夫单位极显著高于1.0×10~4和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);试验第84天,1.0×10~6和1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的哈夫单位显著高于1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05)。试验第28天,1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于对照组和1.0×10~4CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);试验第56天,1.0×10~4、1.0×10~6和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于对照组(P0.01);试验第112天,各粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);试验第140天,1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的蛋黄颜色极显著高于对照组(P0.01),而1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组蛋黄颜色极显著低于对照组和其他粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01)。3)试验第56天和第112天,1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组蛋鸡的蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著低于对照组、1.0×10~4和1.0×10~6CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加粪肠球菌显著或极显著降低试验第84天的血清总胆固醇(P0.01)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P0.01)和第168天的血清甘油三酯含量(P0.05)。4)1.0×10~6、1.0×10~8和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的回肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05);空肠大肠杆菌数量随粪肠球菌添加水平的增加呈线性降低(P0.05)。1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的回肠粪肠球菌数量极显著高于对照组、1.0×10~4和1.0×10~8CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组(P0.01);1.0×10~8和1.0×10~10~CFU/g粪肠球菌添加组的盲肠粪肠球菌数量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结果表明,饲粮添加粪肠球菌能提高蛋鸡的产蛋量、蛋白高度和蛋黄颜色,降低血清和蛋黄的总胆固醇含量,调节肠道微生物数量;粪肠球菌在蛋鸡饲粮中的适宜添加量为1.0×10~6或1.0×10~8CFU/g。     

中药饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质影响

采用中草药饲料添加剂山楂散饲喂海兰蛋鸡,观察其对产蛋性能、蛋品质及鸡群健康状况的影响,探讨中药制剂的作用机理和应用剂量选择。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加不同比例的山楂散能稳定蛋的色泽,提高蛋的品质,在高温天气条件下,保持较高的产蛋性能。蛋壳颜色正常率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别提高11.25%和12.35%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;蛋壳颜色浅色率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别减少11.19%和12.02%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;破蛋率,试验A组比对照组减少1.95%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;畸形率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别减少4.51%与4.14%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;而对蛋形指数、平均蛋重、蛋白和蛋黄比3项指标影响不大。     

日粮氨基酸平衡条件下大午金凤商品代蛋鸡产蛋高峰期粗蛋白质需要量研究

本试验通过研究日粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对大午金凤商品代蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能和蛋品质的影响,确定其CP需要量。试验选取31周龄大午金凤商品代蛋鸡480只,随机分入4个处理组,每组12个重复,每个重复10只蛋鸡,4个处理CP水平分别为13.5%、14.5%、15.5%、16.5%。预试期7 d,正试期63 d。试验期间每天记录蛋鸡产蛋数、蛋重和不合格蛋数,每2周以重复为单位统计采食量,计算平均日采食量（ADFI）和料蛋比（F/E）;试验第6周时,每个重复取3枚鸡蛋测定蛋品质。结果表明：①日粮CP水平对蛋鸡日产蛋量、日采食量、料蛋比有显著影响（P<0.05）。16.5% CP组的日产蛋量、平均日采食量均显著高于13.5%和14.5% CP组（P<0.05）,且随着日粮CP水平的提高日产蛋量呈线性增加（P<0.05）;16.5% CP组的料蛋比显著低于13.5%、14.5%和15.5% CP组（P<0.05）。②日粮CP水平对蛋壳占比、蛋黄颜色有显著影响（P<0.05）,13.5% CP组的蛋壳占比显著高于16.5% CP组（P<0.05）,且随着日粮CP水平的提高呈线性降低（P<0.05）;13.5% CP组的蛋黄颜色显著高于16.5% CP组（P<0.05）,且随着日粮CP水平的提高蛋黄颜色呈线性降低（P<0.05）。建立料蛋比与日粮CP水平之间的回归曲线（y＝275x²-86.4x+8.7356）,经计算,获得最小料蛋比的日粮CP需要量为15.7%。结合本试验生产性能和蛋品质,推荐大午金凤商品代蛋鸡产蛋高峰期CP需要量为15.7%。     

大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响

本文旨在研究添喂大豆黄酮对母鸡蛋品质及后代仔鸡肉品质的影响.试验选取产蛋后期肉种鸡480只,随机分为2组,每组设8个重复.试验组在基础日粮中添喂10 mg/kg的大豆黄酮,第5周后收集种蛋,每组随机取30枚做蛋品质分析,剩余种蛋按正常程序孵化,出雏后饲养至63日龄,宰杀取肌肉做肉品质分析.结果表明母鸡饲喂大豆黄酮后,蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比重分别增加了0.03 mm(P ＜ 0.01)和0.45%(P ＜ 0.05);蛋白的Haugh单位增加了4(P ＜ 0.05);入孵蛋出雏率和受精蛋出雏率分别降低了11.5%和8.3%(P ＜ 0.05).添喂大豆黄酮对后代仔鸡生长无显著影响,但显著降低了雌仔鸡肌肉比重和肌肉的蒸煮损失率(P ＜ 0.05),显著降低雄仔鸡肌肉的滴水损失率(P ＜ 0.05);显著增加胸肌黄度(P ＜ 0.05);但对腿肌的快慢肌纤维比例、纤维密度以及快慢肌纤维的横截面积均无显著影响(P ＞ 0.05).以上结果提示10 mg/kg剂量的大豆黄酮应慎用于种蛋禽上,而在商品蛋禽上则具有良好的应用前景.     

添加有机硒对种鸡繁殖性能和蛋品质的影响

选择190日龄健康开产贵州黄母鸡96只,公鸡12只,随机分为两组(每组母鸡48只,公鸡6只),组1为对照组,饲以基础日粮;组2为试验组,饲以含有机硒基础日粮(含硒量为0.5mg/kg)。试验结果表明:含硒日粮对种鸡的受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率、早期死胚率和健雏率均有所改善,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);后期死胚率组2极显著低于组1(P<0.05);试验组蛋重和哈氏单位均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

饲粮亚油酸水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质及脂类代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮亚油酸水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质及脂类代谢的影响。将900只健康、体重相近的福建龙岩山麻鸭随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,各组饲粮亚油酸水平分别为0.55%、0.75%、0.95%、1.15%、1.35%、1.55%。试验期为4周。结果表明:饲粮亚油酸水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭产蛋性能影响不显著(P0.05)。但饲粮亚油酸水平为0.95%时,产蛋率最高,蛋重及日产蛋重最大,料蛋比最低。随着饲粮亚油酸水平的升高,蛋黄色泽显著升高(P0.05)。饲粮亚油酸水平为1.55%时,蛋黄重量显著高于饲粮亚油酸水平为0.75%时(P0.05)。饲粮亚油酸水平对产蛋初期蛋鸭血液生化指标及肝脏甘油三酯、胆固醇含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。随饲粮亚油酸水平升高,蛋黄单不饱和脂肪酸比例显著下降(P0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸比例显著升高(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮亚油酸水平为0.95%时,产蛋初期蛋鸭可以获得较好的产蛋性能,饲粮亚油酸水平显著影响蛋鸭蛋黄及肝脏脂肪酸组成。     

Response of Laying Hens and Growing Broilers to the Dietary Inclusion of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Seed Kernel Meal

Studies were carried out to assess the nutritive value and utilization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernel (MSK) in the diets of layer and broiler chickens. The physical component of mango seeds was found to consist of 678 g/kg kernel, 292 g/kg shell and 30 g/kg testa. Meal from the seed kernel contained 61.6 g crude protein, 136.2 g ether extract, 22.3 g ash, 46.4 g crude fibre, 673.5 g nitrogen-free extract and appreciable mineral content. In the layers trial, MSK replaced maize weight for weight at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g/kg. Results indicated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in feed intake, rate of lay, egg mass and feed efficiency with increase in MSK. Layers on 150, 200 and 250 g/kg MSK exhibited the highest body weight losses. Except for lower shell thickness (p < 0.05) in hens fed MSK at 200 and 250 g/kg, the internal egg quality characteristics were comparable. In the broiler experiment, MSK was incorporated at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg at the expense of maize but with slight adjustments to the soybean meal so as to achieve isonitrogenous diets. Body weight and body weight gains increased significantly (p <0.05) up to 100 g/kg and then decreased. MSK at 150 or 200 g/kg had no significant effects (p >0.05) on feed intake and feed efficiency when compared with control diet. Organ weights with the exception of liver and lung were unaffected by dietary MSK. Haematological indices were not influenced (p > 0.05) by dietary MSK except haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin, which were higher (p<0.05) in broilers fed 100 g/kg MSK. Neutrophils, lymphocytes and albumin/ globulin ratio were similar on all diets. The results indicated that at higher weight for weight levels, MSK cannot readily substitute maize in layer diets, whereas a marginal improvement was recorded in the broiler diet, albeit with nutrient supplementation.     

橙子皮对鸡蛋蛋黄氧化稳定性的改善作用

文章旨在探讨饲粮中添加橙子皮对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄抗氧化能力的影响。试验选择378只产蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复42只鸡(分别饲养在126个重复鸡笼中,每笼饲养3只母鸡),其中对照组饲喂无橙子皮的基础日粮,试验1组饲喂含9%橙子皮的日粮,试验2组饲喂基础日粮添加0.8g/kg橙皮素和0.005g柚皮苷,3组试验日粮为等氮、等能量日粮,试验共开展30d。试验结束后测定鸡蛋的氧化稳定性,以每克蛋黄中丙二醛(ng)的含量表示,并测定蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质参数。结果发现,与对照组相比,添加橙子皮的饲粮对新鲜和贮藏30d和90d鸡蛋的氧化稳定性均有改善(P<0.05)。蛋鸡饲喂橙子皮日粮10d显著提高蛋黄氧化稳定性(P<0.05),延长鸡蛋货架期。与对照组和橙皮素组相比,日粮添加橙子皮显著降低蛋鸡采食量和产蛋率(P<0.05),显著提高料蛋比(P<0.05),采食量的降低可能是由于橙子皮适口性较差,不仅对产蛋性能产生负面影响,还会导致蛋品质参数降低。与对照组相比,用橙子皮饲喂蛋鸡产出的鸡蛋更轻,蛋壳百分比、厚度和强度更低,蛋黄颜色变浅(P<0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡日粮添加9%橙子皮可显著提高鸡蛋新鲜度和贮藏氧化稳定性,但对蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质有一定负面影响,这种不利影响是由于适口性差使采食量降低,导致营养供应不足。     

Potential application of Fe-methionine as a feed supplement on improving the quality of broilers breast meat

A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were used to investigate the effects of Fe-methionine (Fe-met) and iron sulfate (FeSO₄.7H₂O) on performance, mineral concentration, meat quality, and oxidative stability of breast. The feeding experiment was performed with five dietary groups including group I (basal diet [BD] + 80 mg/kg FeSO₄), group II (BD + 60 mg/kg FeSO₄ + 20 mg/kg Fe-met), group III (BD + 40 mg/kg FeSO₄ + 40 mg/kg Fe-met), group IV (BD + 20 mg/kg FeSO₄ + 60 mg/kg Fe-met), and group V (BD + 80 mg/kg Fe-met). The results showed that Fe and Cu content in the breast muscle increased by dietary supplementation of organic and inorganic iron from II to V groups. Dietary groups of II, IV, and V increased L* value and b* value of breast meat. Additionally, redness of breast meat enhanced linearly and quadratically by dietary supplementation of 80 mg/kg Fe as FeSO₄. In addition, dietary supplementation Fe from II to V groups led to a significant increase in pHu at 24-h postmortem while it was negatively correlated with L* value of breast muscle. This study demonstrates that replacing FeSO₄ with Fe-Met could improve breast meat yield of broilers. Although 80 mg of Fe-Met improved the iron content of meat, it showed detrimental effects on the lipid oxidation of breast meat.