Effect of ginseng polysaccharides on the immunity and growth of piglets by dietary supplementation during late pregnancy and lactating sows

There are many reports that dietary supplementation with plant polysaccharides in pigs might promote their growth, but little is known about the maternal effect of ginseng polysaccharides (GPS) on piglets’ growth by dietary supplementation to pregnant and lactating sows. In the current study, the effects of dietary supplementation with GPS on the immunity of sows and growth of their piglets were investigated. Results showed no significant difference among the four groups in the total number of piglets, live piglets, weak piglets and birth weight of piglets, indicating the GPS‐treatment has no adverse effect on reproduction. Furthermore, the weaning weight of the GPS‐treated groups was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05); among them, the addition of 200 mg/kg dose has the best effect. Interestingly, GPS increased the total immunoglobulin G concentration in milk and serum of sows (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon‐γ in milk and serum of sows were also increased in the experimental groups relative to the control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, maternal supplementation of GPS significantly increased IL‐2 and TNF‐α concentration in the piglets’ serum of the experimental groups relative to control (P < 0.05). GPS (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in milk and serum (P < 0.05), while the concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that GPS supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation improved immunity‐related bio‐molecular levels in sow serum and milk, which may be further beneficial to piglet health and growth through biological transmission effects.     

The effect of dietary supplementation with rumen‐protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen‐protected choline and betaine on sheep milk and antioxidant capacity

This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of rumen‐protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen‐protected choline and betaine on: (i) milk yield, chemical composition and fatty acids (FA) profile and (ii) blood plasma glutathione transferase (GST) activity of periparturient ewes. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] were also determined in plasma and milk of ewes. Thus, 45 ewes were divided into three equal groups. Each animal of the control group fed daily with a basal diet. The same diet was offered also in each animal of the other two groups. However, the concentrate fed to M group was supplemented with 2.5 g/kg rumen‐protected methionine, while the concentrate fed to MCB group with 5 g/kg of a commercial product which contained a combination of methionine, choline and betaine, all three in rumen‐protected form. The results showed that the M diet, compared with the control, increased significantly the ewe's milk fat and the total solids content. Likewise, a tendency for higher milk fat and total solids content in ewes fed the MCB diet was also observed. Both M and MCB diets had not noticeable impact on ewes milk FA profile. Significantly higher FRAP values in the blood plasma of ewes fed the MCB and in the milk of ewes fed with the M diet compared with the control were found. Additionally, significantly higher GST activity in the blood plasma of ewes fed the M diet, compared with the control, was observed. Moreover, a significant increase (by 20%) and a tendency for increase (by 16.72%) in the growth rate of lambs nursing ewes fed with M and MCB diets, respectively, compared to controls, were found.     

Effects of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets

Twenty primiparous sows were allocated to two treatments to evaluate the effects of maternal 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD₃) supplementation during gestation and lactation on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets. Immediately after mating, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 50 µg/kg 25OHD₃ or basal diets without 25OHD₃. Blood and milk samples were obtained. At birth and weaning, 10 piglets from each treatment were killed for bone quality analysis. 25OHD₃‐fed sows provided one more piglet at farrowing and 1.17 more piglets at weaning than sows fed basal diets. The contents of solids not‐fat, protein, fat or lactose were increased in milk from days 7 and 14 of lactation in 25OHD₃‐supplemented sows and 25OHD₃ concentrations in milk were increased by dietary 25OHD₃ supplementation. Dietary 25OHD₃ supplementation increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity but had no effect on serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity of sows. Maternal 25OHD₃ supplementation improved bone strength, density and ash content of newborn piglets rather than those of weaning piglets. In conclusion, 25OHD₃ supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk quality and bone status of sows as well as bone quality of newborn piglets.     

Effects of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides on growth performance,immune function and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (Aps) and ginseng polysaccharide (Gps) on growth performance, liver function, immune function, TLR4 signalling pathways and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In an experiment spanning 28 days, 180 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (Con), basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Gps (Gps) and basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Aps (Aps). At the end of the experiment, 12 piglets of each group were selected; half (n = 6) were intraperitoneally injected with LPS and half with normal saline. Dietary supplementation with Aps and Gps significantly increased (p < .05) the average daily gain and feed conversion rate. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased (p < .05) expression of serum urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour inflammatory factor-α (TNF-α), but decreased (p < .05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression. Lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets fed with Aps or Gps had lower (p < .05) BUN, ALT, AST, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and greater (p < .05) SOD, T-AOC and IgA levels. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased (p < .05) the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, and LPS-challenged piglets fed diets supplemented with Aps or Gps increased TLR4 and MyD88 and decreased NF-κB expression. Lipopolysaccharide challenge reduced (p < .05) the jejunal villus height, and piglets fed with Aps or Gps had increased (p < .05) jejunal villus height. Supplementation with Aps or Gps enhanced the expression of occludin and claudin in challenged or unchallenged piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Aps or Gps enhanced piglet growth performance, alleviated liver dysfunction and reduced immunological stress caused by LPS, as well as increased the intestinal barrier function.     

The effect of dietary supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum on lactating dairy cows in terms of animal health,productivity and milk composition

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA )‐rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA ), on a variety of health and productivity parameters in lactating cows. Twenty‐four cows were blocked by parity and number of days in milk and then randomly assigned to a control (CON ; n  = 12) group with no algal supplementation, or a treatment group (AURA ; n  = 12) provided with 100 g AURA  cow^?1 day^?1 or 16 g DHA  cow^?1 day^?1. A variety of health and productivity measurements were taken, and results indicated that supplementation had no negative effects on animal health in terms of somatic cell count, haematological and biochemical blood parameters, while body condition was marginally improved by algal supplementation. No differences were found for the various production parameters measured; however, a tendency towards increased milk production was observed for the AURA group during the final stage of the study (+4.5 kg cow^?1 day^?1, day 78–84). The fatty acid profile of milk was improved by supplementation, with significantly lower saturated fatty acids, significantly higher omega‐3 fatty acids and an improved omega‐3/omega‐6 ratio observed when compared to the control group. The amount of DHA in the milk of cows provided 105 g AURA  head^?1 day^?1 was 4.7 mg/100 g milk with a peak transfer efficiency from feed to milk at day 49 of 8.3%. These results indicate that supplementation with 105 g AURA  head^?1 day^?1 resulted in the successful enrichment of milk with DHA without negatively impacting the health or productivity of the animals.     

香味剂对高温应激条件下母猪泌乳性能的影响

试验旨在研究高温应激条件下,日粮添加香味剂对母猪泌乳和产仔性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。选择平均胎次为2.5、妊娠110 d的母猪300头,随机分为3组,每组100头猪。采用单因素试验设计,共3种日粮,处理1组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,处理2组在基础日粮中添加250 g/kg香味剂,处理3组在基础日粮中添加500 g/kg香味剂,试验由分娩当天开始,到断奶再发情结束。各组对母猪的采食量有显著影响,其中处理3组较处理1组和处理2组显著提高了母猪采食量(P <0.05),处理2组显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。与处理2组相比,处理3组使母猪的采食量提高了9.6%(P <0.05)。处理3组较处理2组及处理2组较处理1组显著提高了断奶后仔猪头数(P <0.05)。与处理2和处理1组相比,处理3组显著提高了泌乳期间仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05),同时也显著提高了仔猪的断奶重(P <0.05)。处理1组呼吸频率最低(P <0.05),香味剂对直肠温度也有显著影响,处理2组和处理3组直肠温度显著高于处理1组(P <0.05)。综上所述,高温应激条件下,日粮添加香味剂可以提高母猪的采食量和泌乳性能,同时采食量的提高可以促进仔猪生长性能,降低热应激对母猪的负面影响。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance,milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows

Twenty‐four multiparous sows were used to investigate the effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance, milk compositions, blood metabolites and hormones during lactation. The sows were randomly assigned to four treatments and each treatment had six replicates (sows). The diets were added with 0%, 1%, 3% or 5% glucose at the expense of corn and fed to sows for 24 days. The loss of backfat thickness during lactation was quadratically decreased (p = 0.008) and the wean‐to‐oestrus interval was shortened (linear, p = 0.013; quadratic, p = 0.009) with increasing levels of dietary glucose supplementation. The reproductive performance was not affected (p > 0.05) by different dietary glucose contents. Increased concentrations of total solid and fat in milk were noted (p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference on colostrum compositions. With increasing levels of dietary glucose inclusion, the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.004) and glucose (p = 0.029) were linearly increased at weaning. The concentrations of insulin were increased at post‐farrowing (linear, p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.013) and weaning (linear, p = 0.029; quadratic, p = 0.017), respectively. Furthermore, the pulses of insulin and FSH at weaning were linearly (p = 0.049) and quadratically (p = 0.015) increased with the increasing levels of dietary glucose inclusion. In conclusion, this study indicated that inclusion of 3% glucose in lactating diet could reduce backfat loss, increase milk fat and have no negative effect on reproductive performance in multiparous sows.     

当归多糖对免疫系统作用的研究

当归多糖(AP)对动物机体具有明显的免疫作用。研究表明,AP通过活化巨噬细胞作用于各种免疫效应细胞,产生相应的细胞因子从而实现其免疫作用。AP对淋巴细胞也有较强的活化作用,能提高IL-2和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、补体C5的水平。     

Effects of pre‐weaning dietary substitutions on plasma insulin and glucose profiles in primiparous sows

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting 1 kg of a standard lactation diet with 1 kg of a sugar‐rich (15.75 DE MJ/kg) or fat‐rich (23.85 DE MJ/kg) diet during late lactation on blood glucose and insulin changes in primiparous sows. During a 4‐week lactation period, 21 primiparous sows were fed to appetite with a standard lactation diet (14.10 DE MJ/kg). At 9 days before weaning, sows were assigned to a control (C, n = 7), fat (F, n = 6) or sugar (S, n = 8) treatment. During the treatment period (from 8 days before weaning until weaning), 1 kg of the lactation diet was substituted with 1 kg of a sugar‐rich or fat‐rich diet for S and F sows. At 3 days before weaning, serial blood samples were collected for a total of 228 min around feeding to establish pre‐ and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Preprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05); however, mean plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher for S compared to F (p < 0.05) and intermediate for the C sows. Postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were higher for the S sows than for C and F sows (p < 0.05). Sow body weight loss during late lactation did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The results from our study suggest that a sugar‐enriched diet during the last week of lactation elevates circulating glucose and insulin concentrations and may potentially improve post‐weaning fertility in primiparous sows.     

Fertilizing ability of canine spermatozoa cryopreserved with skim milk‐based extender in a retrospective study

We previously reported that skim milk (SM) is an effective cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa instead of egg yolk (EY), which is the conventional cryoprotectant. In this study, the fertilizing ability and practical use of frozen canine spermatozoa prepared with SM were evaluated by transcervical insemination. Frozen‐thawed spermatozoa were inseminated one to four times on days 2–9 after the LH surge. In SM group, a single transcervical insemination (TCI) on Day 5 led to higher delivery rate (83%) than any other days (33%–50%) post‐LH surge. In EY group, delivery rate in double TCI on days 5 and 6 (71%) was higher compared to any other experimental groups (0%–44%). Regardless of single or double, TCI on Day 5 or Day 6 led to higher litter sizes in SM or EY groups, respectively. The breeding efficiency and litter size of single TCI on Day 5 (4.2) and double TCI on Day 5 and Day 6 (3.7) were significantly higher than in the other experimental groups in SM and EY groups, respectively (p < .05). These findings suggest that skim milk is a suitable alternative to egg yolk for cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa, and the suitable timing for insemination might be on Day 5 post‐LH surge.     

Threonine and tryptophan supplementation enhance porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) vaccine‐induced immune responses of growing pigs

The aim of the present study was to investigate influences of threonine and tryptophan supplementation (TTS) on immune response of growing pigs inoculated with modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine. Twenty growing barrows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to four groups according to the PRRS vaccination and TTS. Serum samples were collected from all pigs at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49 post‐vaccination (day 0 defined as the day of vaccination). Pigs were euthanized and samples collected at day 49 post‐vaccination. The results showed that TTS tended to increase weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs (P < 0.1). PRRS vaccine enhanced serum PRRSV‐specific antibody, serum virus neutralizing (SVN) antibody and interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐1β concentrations (P < 0.05). The expression of TLR3 and TLR7 mRNA in lymph nodes were higher in TTS than in the control group after PRRS vaccine inoculation (P < 0.05). TTS diet mitigated lung damage which is induced by PRRS vaccination from microscopic evaluation. These results suggest that dietary TTS could improve growth performance of growing pigs, which may be ascribed to the improved immune response and mitigated lung damage.     

Comparison effects of dietary iron dextran and bacterial‐iron supplementation on growth performance,fecal microbial flora,and blood profiles in sows and their litters

This study was conducted to compare effects of dietary administration of iron dextran and bacterial‐iron on growth performance, fecal microbial flora, and blood profiles in sows and their litters. A total of 20 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allotted into two treatments: (i) ID (basal diet, piglets were injected with iron dextran); (ii) BR (basal diet + bacterial‐iron; bacterial‐iron was given to sows, piglets were not injected with iron dextran). There were five replicates per treatment with two sows per replicate. No differences were observed on sow and piglet growth performance, fecal microbial flora as well as sow blood profiles between ID and BR treatments. In piglets, blood iron, red blood cell and hemoglobin concentrations in ID treatment were higher (P < 0.05) on days 12 and 24. Furthermore, concentration of white blood cells in BR treatment was lower (P < 0.05) on day 12. However, the percentage of lymphocytes on day 12 was increased (P < 0.05) in BR treatment. In conclusion, effect of iron dextran and bacterial‐iron has no difference on growth performance in lactating sows and piglets, but iron dextran injection has higher blood iron, white blood cell, red blood cell and hemoglobin concentrations in piglets.     

玉竹多糖和板蓝根多糖对环磷酰胺致雏鸡免疫抑制的调节作用研究

研究玉竹多糖和板蓝根多糖对环磷酰胺致雏鸡免疫抑制的调节作用。将120只1日龄雏鸡随机分成6组,分别为空白对照组、玉竹多糖对照组、玉竹多糖调节组、板蓝根多糖对照组、板蓝根多糖调节组、免疫抑制对照组,除空白对照组外,其余各组在7日龄时饮水免疫鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗(LaSota株+H120株)。测定免疫后不同阶段雏鸡新城疫疫苗抗体滴度、血清IgA含量和外周淋巴细胞OD570 nm值,以及脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果显示,环磷酰胺造模后,可见环磷酰胺抑制对照组抗体滴度持续处于较低的状态,血清IgA含量较低,外周淋巴细胞增殖受抑制,免疫器官指数较低;在免疫后14 d、21 d、28 d和35 d,玉竹多糖调节组和板蓝根多糖调节组血清抗体滴度显著高于免疫抑制对照组(P<0.05);在免疫后21d、35 d,玉竹多糖调节组和板蓝根多糖调节组血清IgA含量、外周淋巴细胞OD570 nm值和免疫器官指数显著高于免疫抑制对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,玉竹多糖和板蓝根多糖对环磷酰胺造模形成免疫抑制雏鸡免疫系统具有调节功能,可解除免疫抑制,使免疫系统恢复至正常水平,能够提高雏鸡新城疫疫苗抗体滴度、血清IgA含量,增强外周淋巴细胞增殖。     

Adjuvant effect of ginseng extracts on the immune responses to immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle

A crude ginseng extract (GS) and the purified ginsenoside R(b1) (R(b1)) were evaluated for their adjuvant effects in dairy cattle at immunisation with ovalbumin (OVA) and/or a Staphylococcus aureus bacterin used for prevention of bovine mastitis. To evaluate a suitable dose of GS as an adjuvant, 36 lactating cows were randomly divided into six groups. The cows were inoculated twice intramuscularly with a 2-week interval, with saline solution, OVA in saline, or OVA in combination with 4, 16 or 64 mg GS, or Al(OH)(3). The level of specific antibodies to OVA in serum and milk whey was measured before immunisations and 1-5 weeks after the second immunisation. The antibody response in serum was significantly higher in animals immunised with OVA and GS than in animals immunised with OVA alone. A significant increase in milk antibody titres compared with OVA only was only found 2 weeks after the second immunisation in the group immunised with OVA and 4 mg GS. In the second part of the study, 18 heifers were randomly divided into three groups and were immunised twice intramuscularly with a two week interval, with the S. aureus bacterin (control), or with the bacterin in combination with 4 mg GS or 1mg R(b1). The specific antibody response to S. aureus and the lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with PWM, concanavalin A (Con A) or a specific S. aureus antigen was evaluated in blood samples taken before and after immunisations as specified above. Addition of R(b1) resulted both in significantly higher antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation in response to PWM, Con A and S. aureus antigens than in the control group. Addition of GS induced a significantly higher lymphocyte proliferation in response to PWM and Con A than the control, but had no additional effect on the antibody production. In conclusion, both GS and R(b1) were safe adjuvants, and R(b1) had the strongest adjuvant effects, when used for immunisation against S. aureus in dairy cattle. Field trials are warranted to test the ability of GS and R(b1) to enhance the efficacy of mastitis vaccines in protection against intramammary infections.     

阿拉伯木聚糖作为大米副产物中主要的非淀粉多糖对其消化率的影响

文章旨在研究糙米、碎米、米糠、米糠粕和统糠中碳水化合物的组成及体外干物质消化率和体外有机物消化率,同时评估大米副产品干物质和有机物体外消化率与碳水化合物成分中纤维含量的相关性。试验分析了碎米、糙米、米糠、米糠粕和统糠的总能、干物质、灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素、粗蛋白质以及粗脂肪含量,同时分析了5种大米副产物的淀粉含量,并以非淀粉多糖、纤维素、可溶、不溶性非纤维素多糖以及木质素为指标对其纤维浓度进行定量。结果显示:米糠总能和粗脂肪含量最高(P<0.05),碎米和糙米中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和灰分含量显著低于米糠、米糠粕和统糠(P<0.05)。统糠中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和灰分含量最高(P<0.05),而粗蛋白质含量最低(P<0.05)。碎米和糙米淀粉含量大于80%,米糠和米糠粕淀粉含量低于27%,统糠淀粉含量最低,但粗纤维含量最高。米糠粕中阿拉伯糖和糖醛酸含量高于其他大米副产物,而统糠木糖含量最高,米糠中木糖的含量只有0.01%。碎米和糙米干物质和有机物体外消化率均显著高于其他大米副产物(P<0.05),干物质和有机物体外消化率与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素、不溶性非纤维多糖、纤维素、非淀粉多糖、可溶性纤维、不溶性纤维和粗纤维含量均表现为显著负相关效应(P<0.05)。结论:除了统糠主要以纤维素为主要组分外,其他大米副产物的多糖成分主要是阿拉伯木聚糖。随着纤维含量的增加,大米副产物干物质和有机物体外消化率不断降低。     

蕨麻多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

用环磷酰胺作为免疫抑制剂小鼠腹腔注射(100mg/kg)建立免疫抑制模型,观察不同剂量蕨麻多糖(50、100、200、400mg/kg)对小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数及血清溶菌酶活力的影响.结果显示,蕨麻多糖能明显提高正常小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数及免疫抑制小鼠脾脏指数;增强正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠血清溶菌酶活力,尤其在免疫抑制状态下,增强作用更明显.表明该多糖可对抗Cy所致的免疫抑制,明显地增强小鼠免疫功能.     

The effect of dietary supplementation with globin and spray-dried porcine plasma on performance,digestibility and histomorphological traits in broiler chickens

This study evaluated the effects of globin and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 336-day-old male broiler chickens were reared from 1 to 40 days of age and fed 3 diets (8 replicates/diet, 14 birds/replicate) during 3 feeding phases: starter (1–12 days), grower (12–25 days) and finisher (25–40 days). Isonitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing gluten protein isolate contained in the control diet (C diet) with 2% (starter) or 1% (grower and finisher) spray-dried porcine plasma in the plasma diet (SDPP diet). The globin diet (G diet) was obtained by adding globin on the top of C diet at a dose of 0.08% for the whole rearing period. Total tract apparent digestibility (aD), nitrogen retention and ERE were assessed during the three growing phases. At 12  and 40 days of age, one bird per pen was slaughtered to sample gut, liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius for histomorphological investigations. The SDPP diet increased body weights of chickens at 12 (+60 g; p < .001), 25 (+101 g; p < .001) and 40 days (+130 g; p = .018) of age compared to C and G diets. Also SDPP improved crude protein aD (+9.7%) and ERE (+12.3%) during the starter phase (p < .001). Dietary globin and SDPP inclusion did not affect either the gut morphology or the histopathological findings in birds at 12 and 40 days of age, despite a numerical (+6.90% and +7.40% respectively) villus height improvement in the SDPP group. Overall, these results confirm that dietary supplementation with SDPP and, to a lesser extent, with globin can improve growth performance and dietary protein and energy utilization in broiler chickens without effect on gut functionality.     

Effects of cellulase supplementation to corn soybean meal‐based diet on the performance of sows and their piglets

A total of 15 primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in the current study to evaluate the efficacy of cellulase supplementation on the production performance of sows and piglets. Pigs were randomly allocated into one of three treatments with five replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: (i) CON (corn‐soybean meal‐based control); (ii) EZ1 (CON + 0.05% cellulase); and (iii) EZ2 (CON + 0.10% cellulase). The supplementation of cellulase had no effect (P > 0.05) on body weight and feed intake of lactating sows. At weaning, back fat thickness loss decreased (P = 0.04) linearly in EZ1 and EZ2 treatments. The average daily gain (ADG) of piglets increased (linear P = 0.06, quadratic P = 0.04)) during days 14 to 21 as well as at days 21 to 25 (linear P = 0.03 and quadratic P = 0.01) with the increase in the level of supplemented enzyme. Dry matter and nitrogen digestibility increased (linear P = 0.01) in lactating sows fed EZ1 and EZ2 diet compared with CON. In conclusion, it is suggested that cellulase supplementation to corn‐soybean meal based diet exerts beneficial effects to sows in reducing their back fat thickness loss at weaning and also helps to improve nutrient digestibility. It also helped to improve the ADG of piglets.     

中药复方多糖对雏鸡B淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响

360只刚出壳的健康雏鸡,随机分为4组,每组90只,从出壳后第5天分别灌喂中药复方多糖、中药复方水煎剂、黄芪多糖、生理盐水,连喂7 d。于12、15、20、25、30、37、44、51日龄,每组随机取10只鸡。通过HA-HI实验、EA玫瑰花环实验,检测雏鸡B淋巴细胞的免疫功能;将鸡宰杀,完整摘取法氏囊,称重,测定法氏囊指数。实验结果表明,灌服中药复方多糖、复方水煎剂以及黄芪多糖的实验组,其抗体效价、EA玫瑰花环形成率、法氏囊指数值均提高,其中中药复方多糖效果较好,复方水煎剂效果优于黄芪多糖;中药复方多糖与复方水煎剂、黄芪多糖差异显著(P<0.05),与生理盐水对照组比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

中药复方总多糖及其含药血清对小白鼠免疫功能的影响

分别给小鼠灌服复方总多糖、复方水煎剂、黄芪多糖、生理盐水后制备含药血清,用MTT法测定小鼠淋巴细胞增殖程度,用酶法一氧化氮试剂盒测定腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮的生成量,同时与各种药物的体外实验相比较.结果显示,复方总多糖及其含药血清均能促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖和腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮的生成量,且效果优于复方水煎剂和黄芪多糖.