酵母锌对肉鸡生长性能及生理功能的影响

选用1日龄白羽肉鸡100只,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组20只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ为酵母锌组,锌水平分别为50,35mg/kg,Ⅲ为硫酸锌组,锌水平为50mg/kg;Ⅳ为空白酵母组,酵母添加剂量为100mg/kg;V为基础日粮对照组。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,50d后,对生长性能、血常规、血液生化（Crea、Urea、AST、ALT、ALB）及抗氧化（抗O2-.、GSH-Px、GSH）指标进行检测。结果显示,平均日增重和料重比,21d时各组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,50d时与V组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组生长性能显著提高（P〈0.01）,其中I组最高。各组血液常规指标均处于正常范围内,但Ⅰ组红细胞数极显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）。血清中肌酐、尿素含量以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组白蛋白含量较其他组显著提高（P〈0.01）。血清抗O2-.活力、GSH含量Ⅰ组显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px活力Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于其他各组（P〈0.01）。结果提示,日粮添加适量酵母锌（Zn 50mg/kg）可以提高肉鸡生长性能,在一定程度上增强机体免疫机能,提高肝脏功能和机体抗氧化功能。     

有机铬对肉鸡日粮、粪中微量元素和小肠组织结构的影响

试验选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡792只,设6个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复33只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加酵母铬0.2 mg/kg、吡啶甲酸铬0.2 mg/kg和蛋氨酸铬0.1 mg/kg(Ⅰ)、0.2 mg/kg(Ⅱ)、0.6 mg/kg(Ⅲ)的日粮(以Cr3+计),自由采食、饮水,试验期为49 d。旨在研究日粮中添加不同有机铬源对肉鸡日粮、粪中微量元素和小肠组织结构的影响。结果表明,(1)酵母铬组和吡啶甲酸铬组日粮铜水平均显著降低(P<0.05),蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组日粮锌水平显著降低(P<0.05);吡啶甲酸铬组和蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组粪铜、粪锌排泄量均显著提高(P<0.05),且蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组粪锰水平显著增加(P<0.05);不同铬源对日粮铁水平和粪铁排泄量均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同铬源均增加空肠黏膜厚度的趋势,且蛋氨酸铬(Ⅲ)组较对照组显著提高28.57%(P<0.05);不同铬源均能降低回肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度,除酵母铬组黏膜厚度外,其他各试验组均达到显著水平(P<0.05);各试验组十二指肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,铬对日粮和粪中铜、锌、锰水平影响显著,对铁影响不显著;能增加空肠黏膜厚度,显著降低回肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度。     

小肽营养素对断奶仔猪生产性能及小肠发育的影响

50头 2 1日龄断奶的胜利白猪随机分为 5组 ,Ⅰ组 (对照组 )为基础日粮组 ;Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ组分别为基础日粮 +1 % ,2 % ,3 %小肽营养素 ;Ⅴ组为基础日粮 +2 %SDPP。试验期 2 8d。结果表明 ,添加 3 %小肽营养素后 ,仔猪平均日增重比对照组提高 33 67% (P <0 0 5) ,料重比下降8 4% (P <0 0 5)与添加 2 %SDPP的效果类似。添加小肽营养素后 ,仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛长度增加、隐窝深度减小 ,这种趋势随着小肽营养素添加量的增加而提高。小肽营养素能刺激仔猪断奶后十二指肠食糜乳糖酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性 ,以添加 3 %小肽营养素和 2 %SDPP效果较好。小肽营养素可促进断奶仔猪免疫系统发育 ,增加血液中IgG浓度 (P <0 0 5)。     

添加不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能的影响

本文旨在研究饲喂不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能及油脂酸价对采食量和体重的影响。试验选用1日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡2100只,随机分为7个处理组,每个组10个重复。处理1组添加豆油,处理2组添加鸡鸭油,处理3组添加精炼混合油A(酸价1 mgKOH/g),处理4～6组分别添加不同酸价的劣质混合油A、B和C(酸价分别为8、35 mgKOH/g和53 mgKOH/g),处理7组添加劣质脂肪酸。结果表明,日粮添加劣质脂肪酸组可显著增加8～21、36～42日龄及1～42日龄肉鸡日采食量和料肉比(P<0.05)。劣质混合油C组8～21日龄肉鸡的采食量显著低于其他处理组;而与豆油组比,劣质混合油B和C组8～21日龄肉鸡日增重和21日龄体重显著降低。混合油的酸价与肉鸡采食量及42日龄体重呈负相关,随着酸价的升高,1～42日龄肉鸡平均采食量和42日龄体重逐渐降低,其中劣质混合油C组采食量显著降低。     

丝兰提取物与枯草芽胞杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及血液指标的影响

将240只1日龄罗斯(ROSS 308)肉鸡分为4个组:处理组1(对照组)饲用基础日粮+金霉素,处理组2饲用基础日粮+枯草芽胞杆菌,处理组3饲用基础日粮+丝兰提取物,处理组4饲用基础日粮+丝兰提取物和枯草芽胞杆菌,以研究丝兰提取物和枯草芽胞杆菌对肉鸡生长性能的影响,试验期42 d。结果:平均日增重和料重比指标,处理组4肉鸡显著优于处理组1(P<0.05),而处理组2和3之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。肉鸡21日龄时,处理组4肉鸡血清白蛋白浓度显著大于处理组1;处理组4血清尿酸浓度显著小于处理组1。42日龄时,处理组2和4肉鸡的血清白蛋白浓度显著大于处理组1。本试验证明丝兰提取物与枯草芽胞杆菌均能提高肉鸡对饲料蛋白的代谢利用率,且具有协同改善肉鸡生长性能的效果。     

宁都黄鸡小肠显微结构和甲苯胺蓝染色阳性细胞分布特点

通过石蜡切片和HE染色方法观察了宁都黄鸡小肠的显微结构,同时通过改良甲苯胺蓝染色的方法鉴定小肠中的甲苯胺蓝染色阳性细胞.结果显示,宁都黄鸡小肠与一般禽类小肠显微结构类似,黏膜下层缺乏十二指肠腺,黏膜固有层缺乏淋巴小结.小肠从前到后,杯状细胞逐渐增多.3段小肠的肠腺和回肠杯状细胞呈甲苯胺蓝染色阳性.小肠壁四层结构中都有肥大细胞的分布,主要分布于黏膜上皮细胞下、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜结缔组织中.肥大细胞体积较大,多数呈卵圆形,有的细胞形态不规则,甚至有突起.胞核染色呈深蓝色,胞质中含有紫红色颗粒.结果表明,宁都黄鸡小肠腺细胞和杯状细胞甲苯胺蓝染色呈阳性,说明其能够分泌有助于吸收的活性物质;小肠中具有丰富的肥大细胞,说明宁都黄鸡有较完善的肠道免疫屏障.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics on growth performance,intestinal morphology,sIgA content and antioxidant capacities of broilers

Today, several strategies are being used to decrease the serious effects of antibiotics abuse on broilers industry and public health, among which synbiotics are one of the most promising antibiotic alternative. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of synbiotics, which composed of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide), on growth performance, intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant parameters of broilers. Four hundred and fifty one‐day‐old commercial Cobb48 broilers were assigned to five treatments consisting of six replicates of 15 birds each pen. Five dietary treatments include basal diets (control), basal diets plus antibiotics (4 mg/kg Xanthomycin), basal diets plus 1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), basal diets plus 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%), and basal diets plus synbiotics (1 g of probiotics B. subtilis product/kg of diets (4 × 10⁸ cfu/kg), 150 mg/kg xylooligosaccharide (35%) and 1 g/kg mannanoligosaccharide (75%). The results demonstrated that on 21 and 42 days, dietary supplementation of the synbiotics significantly increased daily weight gain (p < 0.05), feed efficiency (p < 0.05), the villus height and villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), as well as intestinal mucosa sIgA content (p < 0.05), serum T‐SOD activity (p < 0.05) and lysozyme content (p < 0.05), comparing with control group. In conclusion, synbiotics (B. subtilis and xylooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide) is one of the safe and ideal dietary supplementations to increase broilers' growth performance by improving small intestinal morphology, sIgA content and antioxidant capabilities.     

Microstructure of the small intestine in broiler chickens fed a diet with probiotic or synbiotic supplementation

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic and a synbiotic on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on three hundred sixty, one‐day‐old female Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly selected from 20,000 birds and divided into three treatment groups (n = 120) with ten replicates per treatment. The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, the probiotic group (PRO) was fed the same diet with an added 1% of the probiotic Lavipan® (Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the synbiotic group (SYN) was fed the commercial diet with an added synbiotic: 0.8% of the prebiotic RFO (extracted from lupin seeds) and 1% Lavipan®. According to the manufacturer's data, apart from the typical probiotic action,microorganisms contained in the preparation release anti‐bacterial substances (hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins) and, therefore, are antagonistic towards pathogenic bacteria present in the gut of animals. Supplementation took place in the first seven days of rearing, and all birds had ad libitum access to water and feed during the 42 days of the experiment. On the last day, all birds were slaughtered and samples from three segments of the small intestine were taken. Villi area, height, width and crypt depth ratios were read using Multiscan software. Synbiotic supplementation increased the BWG of broilers from first to tenth day of rearing, compared to the control group. The PRO group had improved villi morphometric parameters of the duodenum. In the jejunum and ileum, both bioactive substances improved villus width and villus surface area. Crypts were deeper in the small intestine of birds supplemented with bioactive substances, which allows greater renewal of the villi. As expected, the intestinal morphometric parameters of broiler chickens benefited from bioactive substance supplementation.     

饲料中添加刺五加提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益指标的影响

为探讨饲料中添加刺五加提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益指标的影响,试验选择体重相近的21日龄白羽肉鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只,1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0％、2.0％、3.0％的刺五加提取物,预试验7 d,试验期为21 d.结果表明:(1...     

马齿苋粉对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮中添加马齿苋粉对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取平均体重接近的1日龄AA肉鸡160只,称重后随机分为4组,试验1、2、3组在对照组饲粮的基础上分别添加0.30%、0.60%、0.90%的马齿苋粉,共处理42 d。结果发现,与对照组相比,肉鸡21日龄时,试验1、2、3组ADG分别增加5.5%、10.0%、6.8%(P <0.05),试验1、2组F/C分别降低8.2%、6.4%(P <0.05);42日龄时,试验1、2、3组ADG分别增加8.9%、9.6%、8.7%(P <0.05),F/C分别降低8.6%、9.6%、10.1%(P <0.05)。此外,21日龄时,试验1、2、3组肉鸡血清中T-AOC比对照组分别增加12.0%、14.4%、10.1%(P <0.05),T-SOD活性分别增加6.6%、10.5%、9.1%(P <0.05),MDA浓度分别降低6.3%、8.0%、5.6%(P <0.05);42日龄时,试验1、2、3组肉鸡血清中T-AOC比对照组分别提高13.9%、20.3%、13.6%(P <0.05),T-SOD活性分别提高10.5%、14.8%、9.5%(P <0.05),MDA浓度分别降低11.1%、14.9%、9.7%(P <0.05),试验1、2组血清中GSH-Px活性较对照组分别提高10.2%、11.8%(P <0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加马齿苋粉显著促进肉鸡生长及增强抗氧化能力。     

发酵亚麻籽饼对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究发酵亚麻籽饼对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫功能的影响.选取180只1日龄健康、体重约为(46.37±1.09)g的爱拔益嘉肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡.试验分为两个阶段:前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d).对照组(CON组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加5...     

Effects of mosapride on motility of the small intestine and caecum in normal horses after jejunocaecostomy

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prokinetic effects of mosapride with non-invasive assessment of myoelectrical activity in the small intestine and caecum of healthy horses after jejunocaecostomy. Six horses underwent celiotomy and jejunocaecostomy, and were treated with mosapride (treated group) at 1.5 mg/kg per osos once daily for 5 days after surgery. The other six horses did not receive treatment and were used as controls (non-treated group). The electrointestinography (EIG) maximum amplitude was used to measure intestinal motility. Motility significantly decreased following surgery. In the treated group, the EIG maximum amplitude of the small intestine was significantly higher than in the controls from day 6~31 after treatment. These findings clearly indicate that mosapride could overcome the decline of intestinal motility after jejunocaecostomy in normal horses.     

Effects of polyphenolic extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf on growth performance,digestibility, rumen fermentation and antioxidant status of fattening lambs

To investigate the effects of polyphenolic extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf (PEEU) on growth performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and antioxidant status of fattening lambs, 30 weaned male Huzhou lambs were equally divided into three treatments and fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 5 (PEEU5) or 10 (PEEU10) g/kg PEEU. Dietary PEEU supplementation did not affect growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients. Compared with the CON group, lambs in the PEEU10 group had lower ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < .01) and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (p < .05) and higher the molar proportion of propionate (p < .05) in rumen fluid. Ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < .01) and the molar proportion of propionate (p < .05) were affected by an interaction between PEEU and sampling day. Dietary PEEU supplementation at 10 g/kg increased total antioxidant capacity (p < .05), superoxide dismutase (p < .05) and glutathione peroxidase (p < .01) activities in serum and glutathione peroxidase activity (p < .05) in liver and decreased (p < .05) malondialdehyde content in serum and liver compared with the CON group. In conclusion, dietary PEEU supplementation affected rumen fermentation patterns and improved antioxidant status of fattening lambs.     

Effects of a blend of essential oils and overcrowding stress on the growth performance,meat quality and heat shock protein gene expression of broilers

Overcrowding stress is common in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations are characterised by welfare impairment and immunosuppression.

1. The present study evaluated the effects of a blend of essential oils (EOB; cinnamaldehyde and thymol) and stocking density on the performance, gut microflora, meat quality and physiological stress markers of broilers.

2. One-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (n = 360) were allocated to 4 experimental groups from d 22 to 42. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 15 chicks. Two groups were subjected to a high stocking density (HSD) of 20 birds/m² and the other two groups were kept at a low stocking density (LSD) of 10 birds/m².

3. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased growth performance parameters, blood immunoglobulin (Ig)G and heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio but increased IgA and IgM levels. HSD reduced water-loss rate and pH decline at 45 min post mortem in the breast muscle.

4. Essential oils supplementation elevated H:L ratio but decreased breast meat redness and pH₂₄.

5. Significant interactions between EOB and stocking density were observed for corticosterone (CS) level and mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in brain and heart. Although HSD increased CS and HSP70 when compared to LSD, the effects of the former were inconsistent with EOB supplemented diets.

6. In conclusion, dietary EOB supplementation could improve some of the biomarkers associated with overcrowding stress in broiler chickens.     

利用大规模F_2及F_3群体研究猪小肠长度及其生长发育性状的相关性

小肠是猪的主要消化吸收器官,对个体的生长发育非常重要,但到目前为止,国内外对猪小肠的研究还很少。为探讨其长度与生长发育性状之间的关系,本试验测定了白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系F2和F3群体共计1 508头个体的240日龄小肠长度、出生重、21日龄体重、46日龄体重、0~46日龄平均日增重、46~240日龄平均日增重、240日龄平均日增重、240日龄宰前活重及屠宰后胴体直长、胴体斜长等10项生长性状指标,并对其与小肠长度的相关性进行了分析。结果显示猪240日龄小肠长度与这些生长性状都存在极显著相关(P0.001),表明小肠可能通过影响个体对营养成分的消化吸收而影响个体的生长发育。据我们所知,本试验是首次在大规模样本群体中研究猪小肠长度与生长发育性状的相关性,其结果为小肠和个体发育研究提供了重要参考。     

小肽添加剂对生长猪生长性能的影响

试验研究三种不同的小肽添加剂制品对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选用72头初始体重在(34.64±8.32)kg的杜×长×大三元阉公猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪试验各组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽A(小肽A组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽B(小肽B组),基础日粮加50mg/kg小肽C(小肽C组),试验期28d。测定其对生长猪的生长性能的影响,结果表明,与对照组相比,小肽A组、小肽B组和小肽C组的生长猪的平均采食量分别提高了9.8%、7.0%和12.5%(P0.05),平均日增重分别提高了15.8%、12.8%和21.7%(P0.05),料肉比分别降低了5.1%、6.3%和8.5%(P0.05)。     

DDGS对麻黄肉鸡生长性能的影响

试验选取32日龄的麻黄肉鸡1200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只鸡。饲粮分别添加0%,2%,4%,6%的DDGS,试验期为36 d。试验结果表明,日粮中添加0%、4%、6%、8%的DDGS对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。但4%添加组料肉比最低。综合考虑饲料成本及经济效益等因素,本试验条件下,以DDGS添加量为4%的效益最好。     

紫花苜蓿多糖对仔猪生长性能及小肠形态的影响

文章旨在评价饲粮中添加紫花苜蓿多糖对仔猪生长性能及小肠形态的影响。试验选取100头体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验1、2、3组,适应期7d,期间饲喂基础饲粮,正式试验时试验组分别在对照组基础饲粮中添加0.025%、0.05%、0.075%的紫花苜蓿多糖,处理42d。结果发现,紫花苜蓿多糖处理组仔猪平均末重、ADG显著提高(P<0.05),FCR降低(P<0.05),而ADFI无显著变化(P>0.05)。相比于对照组,试验1、2、3组仔猪平均末重分别增加7.8%、11.6%、10.2%(P<0.05),ADG分别增加12.4%、18.2%、15.9%(P<0.05),FCR显著降低10.1%、12.5%、10.2%(P<0.05)。同时,饲粮中添加紫花苜蓿多糖显著改变小肠肠道形态,相比对照组,试验2、3组仔猪十二指肠V/C分别降低8.9%、7.7%(P<0.05);试验2、3组仔猪空肠VH分别增加8.3%、7.0%(P<0.05),CD分别降低8.8%、7.7%(P<0.05),试验1、2、3组V/C分别增加7.6%、18.8%、15.9%(P<0.05)。除此之外,试验2、3组仔猪回肠VH较对照组分别增加9.4%、6.2%(P<0.05),CD分别降低10.0%、9.6%(P<0.05),试验1、2、3组V/C分别增加10.4%、21.5%、17.5%(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加紫花苜蓿多糖显著改善仔猪小肠形态,促进其生长发育,添加量为0.05%时效果最佳。