Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Steuerung der Ovarfunktion beim Rind mit PMSG und FSH

Inhalt: Nach Steuerung der Ovarfunktion beim Rind mit PMSG/PGF_2α und FSH/PGF_2α war 6.5 h nach der PGF_2α-Applikation eine deutliche Abhängigkeit zwischen den Estradiol-17β (E₂)- bzw. Testosteron (T)-Konzentrationen in der Follikelflüssigkeit und der Gröβe der Ovarialfollikel zu erkennen. In präovulatorischen Follikeln wurden unabhängig von der gewählten Hormonbehandlung teilweise signifikant höhere (P < 0,05) mittlere E₂- und LH-Konzentrationen als in nonovulatorischen Follikeln festgestellt. Follikel mit intakten oder degenerierten Oozyten wiesen keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Steroidgehalt auf. Der Reifungsprozeß der Cumulus-Oozyten-Komplexe bzw. Oozyten war mit charakteristischen Verschiebungen in den intrafollikulären Hormonspiegeln verbunden. Auch die veränderten Verhältnisse der Steroidhormonkonzentrationen in der Follikelflüssigkeit bestätigen die Rolle der Steroide bei der Oozytenreifung.     

Post-Natal Dynamic Changes in Circulating Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone,Immunoreactive Inhibin,Progesterone, Testosterone and Estradiol-17β in Thoroughbred Colts until 6 Months of Age

The aim of present study was to clarify the post-natal profile of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin, progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17β, and their relationships in Thoroughbred colts. Six hundred and thirty-six colts were used for the study. Single plasma samples from each animal were harvested from the blood drawn through jugular venipuncture. The subjects were born with high amounts of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17β, all of which dropped significantly and remained at lower levels till the end of 6 months. FSH decreased transiently after birth until day 12 and then gradually increased to peak at day 100 which then maintained in lesser levels towards the end of the studied period. LH was highest during birth which decreased until day 26 and then increased slowly to sub-birth levels up to day 90. Animals were born with high amounts of ir-inhibin. It dropped slowly and halved by day 20 and then decreased towards rest of the studied period. The increase in FSH is negatively correlated with the declining ir-inhibin levels. The early increase in FSH can be the indication of early post-natal maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary testicular axis that ultimately might be responsible for priming the testes for future development.     

促卵泡素与促黄体素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

本试验探讨了促性腺激素（FSH、LH）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,最终找到了其合理的使用剂量。在成熟液中添加LH浓度分别为1、5、10IU／mL时,与没有添加FSH与LH的对照组（15．9％）相比,成熟率有显著提高,成熟率分别为49．1％、30．0％、36．3％。LH浓度为1IU,mL的实验组成熟率最高,显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;然后以成熟液中只添加1IU/mLLH为对照组,试验组分别添加1、5、10IU/mLPSH。试验结果表明：添加FSH浓度为5和10IU/ml时其成熟率分别为40．1％、27．6％,低于对照组（49．0％）。添加FSH浓度为1IU／mL时其成熟率（49．1％）高于对照组（49．0％）,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。两组试验同时得出,随着LH与FSH添加浓度的增加,成熟率呈下降趋势。通过本试验结果得出,在体外成熟培养猪卵母细胞时,各添加1IU／mL LH与FSH时,得到最佳的成熟效果。     

年龄和妊娠状态对欧拉羊血清FSH和LH含量的影响

为研究欧拉羊在繁殖季节血清FSH和LH的含量与年龄、妊娠状态之间的相互关系．试验采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定妊娠期和非妊娠期欧拉羊血清套体促性腺激素的浓度。测定结果为非妊娠欧拉羊血清FSH浓度随年龄增长而增加,且6岁以上组显著高于2—3岁组（P〈0．05）。而LH的浓度在各年龄组间规律性变化;妊娠期欧拉羊2—3岁龄组血清LH含量显著大于其他两组（P〈0．05）。4—5岁年龄组血清FSH高于其他两组（P〈0．05）;就各个年龄阶段总体而言。非妊娠组的FSH和LH含量均显著高于妊娠组（P〈0．05）。得出妊娠状态是决定欧拉羊血清FSH和LH含量的关键因素。     

FSH和LH对延边黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及重组胚发育的影响

实验主要研究促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)对延边黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及重组胚发育的影响,从而提高延边黄牛体细胞克隆的效率。采集屠宰后延边黄牛卵巢,用抽吸法回收卵母细胞,然后在不同种类、浓度激素条件下进行卵母细胞的体外成熟培养,最后将成熟的卵母细胞进行核移植及重组胚的体外培养。实验分别比较了在0、5、10、15、20μg/mL条件下,单独使用FSH与LH和在15μg/mL的FSH与10μg/mL的LH共同作用下对延边黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟率、卵裂率和囊胚发育率的影响。结果表明:将卵母细胞单独置于加有浓度为15μg/mL的FSH和10μg/mL的LH的成熟液中培养,其成熟率及后期发育率优于其他浓度组(P<0.05);而2种最优浓度同时添加共同作用时要好于单独使用(P<0.05)。由试验可得出,成熟培养液中单独添加15μg/mL的FSH和单独添加10μg/mL的LH浓度对延边黄牛卵母细胞体外成熟及重组胚后期发育效果最好;使用最佳浓度进行协同作用时,其共同作用要好于单独使用的效果。     

山羊活体采卵的理论基础

对山羊卵泡发育模式的了解和人工调控是开展活体采卵的基础，文章综述了山羊卵泡发育模式及垂体促性腺激素对卵泡发育的调控。     

超排方法及兔龄对家兔超排效果的影响

采用国产促卵泡激素（FSH）,促黄体激素（LH）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）,分别以FSH LH（A法）,FSH HCG（B法）两种不同的处理方法,对不同年龄的家兔进行超排处理,旨在选择对家兔有效的超排方法,比较兔龄对超排效果的影响。结果表明,用A法对经产母兔和青年母兔处理后的排卵数分别为68枚,46枚;回收胚胎数分别为36枚,15枚;有效胚胎数分别为27枚,10枚,用B法对经产母兔和青年母兔处理后的排卵数分别为93枚,71枚;回收胚胎数分别为59枚,37枚,有效胚胎数分别为45枚。26枚。以上指标均以FSH HCG组最高,经产兔超排效果较青年兔好。     

Bovine Uterine,Cervical and Ovarian Cytosol Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Concentrations in Cystic Ovarian Disease

Bovine cytosol estrogen (ERC) and progesterone receptor (PRC) concentrations were measured simultaneously in various regions of the uterus and in ovarian stromal tissue in cows with cystic ovarian disease (follicular cysts), arid the concentrations compared with those in animals with normal cycles. In cystic ovarian disease, ERC concentrations in endometrium (550 fmol/mg cytosol protein (c.p.)) and in myometrium (405) were significantly higher than in control animals. Very high PRC contents were measured in the endometrium (3115) and myometrium (2761) of cows with cystic ovarian disease. In control animals, PRC concentrations in the endometrium and myometrium were significantly lower than in diseased animals. No statistical differences were observed in ERC or PRC contents between the endometrium and the myometrium in cows with cystic ovarian disease. ERC and PRC concentrations in the uterine cervix and ovaries were low compared to those detected in the uterus. Bovine serum estradiol-17ß concentrations were higher (p<0.001) in cows with cystic ovarian disease than in control animals in postpartum anestrus or during the normal estrous cycle. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were of the same magnitude as in control cows during their estrous cycles. These findings show that long standing low endogenous progesterone and elevated estradiol concentrations in serum are associated with elevated ERC and PRC concentrations in bovine uterus.     

欧拉羊血清FSH、LH与年龄及妊娠状态的关系研究

为探讨欧拉羊血清FSH和LH的变化规律及其与年龄和妊娠状态的关系,对55只(妊娠组29只,非妊娠组26只)2岁以上的欧拉母羊,按不同年龄阶段和妊娠状态分为6组,应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血清FSH和LH的含量.结果表明:非妊娠欧拉羊血清FSH和LH分别为2.073 5±0.975 9(mu/mL)和2.124 7±0.824 3 (mu/mL),FSH含量随年龄增长而增加,6岁以上组显著高于2～3岁组(P＜0.05),而LH含量各年龄组间无显著差异;妊娠期欧拉羊血清FSH和LH分别为0.533 7±0.823 9(mu/mL)和0.640 7±0.371 4 (mu/mL),LH含量随年龄增长呈逐渐降低的趋势,2～3岁组最高(P＜0.05),4～5岁血清FSH含量最高(P＜0.05);从各年龄阶段总体而言,非妊娠组的FSH和LH含量均显著高于妊娠组(P＜0.05).结论:不同年龄和不同妊娠状态下血清FSH和LH含量有明显差异,妊娠状态是影响欧拉羊垂体FSH和LH合成与分泌的关键因素.     

促性腺激素(FSH、LH)对牛腔前卵泡体外发育及E_2分泌的影响

利用McCoy's 5a基础无血清培养系统研究了促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)2种促性腺激素对牛腔前卵泡的体外生长、存活及雌二醇(E2)分泌的影响.结果显示,培养液中单独添加LH对牛腔前卵泡生长影响不大,而单独添加50、100μg/L以上FSH对牛腔前卵泡直径增长和培养后期体外存活有明显的促进作用;当培养液中有10 μg/L LH存在时,2种促性腺激素协同刺激卵泡生长的作用更加明显.添加10 μg/L LH 50μg/L FSH对腔前卵泡体外生长、发育、存活及E2分泌均具有显著的促进作用(P<0.05).     

大豆异黄酮在雏鸡机体中吸收、转运及沉积的观察

9日龄雏鸡128只按初重随机分为4组:饲喂基础日粮对照组(C组)、基础日粮 3 mg/kg大豆黄酮组(3Da组)、基础日粮 6mg/kg大豆黄酮组(6Da组)和基础日粮 染料木素组(Ge组),试验期持续2周。与对照组相比,3Da组、6Da组和Ge组的日增重有增加趋势,料重比有所下降;空肠食糜、肝脏和肌肉中6Da组大豆黄酮含量分别增加288.15%(P<0.01),81.48%(P<0.05),155.97%(P<0.01);Ge组分别增加415.64%,172.48%,164.18%。食糜、肝脏中染料木素含量,6Da组分别增加154.16%和150.51%;Ge组分别增加238.13%和148.48%。肌肉内未检测出染料木素。上述结果提示,大豆黄酮和染料木素在雏鸡体内吸收、转运,并在肝脏和肌肉内代谢。两者可相互转化,仅大豆黄酮在肌肉内沉积。     

类阿片肽对山羊生殖内分泌的调节Ⅲ．吗啡和纳洛酮对促性腺激素的影响

以周期母山羊为研究对象，在其中黄体期和早卵泡期注射阿片受体兴奋剂吗啡和阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮．研究了类阿片肽对垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响。结果表明，在中黄体期注射吗啡引起ＬＨ分泌波幅度和血浆平均水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），注射纳洛酮使ＬＨ血浆平均水平显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而在早卵泡期，注射吗啡和纳洛酮，只分别降低和升高血浆ＬＨ水平（Ｐ＜０．０５），对其分泌波幅度无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在以上２种生理状态下，吗啡和纳洛酮对ＦＳＨ分泌均无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因而认为，在山羊，体内类阿片肽参与ＬＨ分泌的调节。     

Exposure of growing and adult captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to dietary isoflavones: twenty years later

Dietary isoflavones are associated with oestrogenic and anti‐oestrogenic effects, and have been linked to infertility in cheetahs. This study aimed to determine the isoflavone content of commercially prepared diets consumed by captive cheetahs. Sixteen international zoological facilities provided diets, and the isoflavone content of each diet was determined by acid hydrolysis and HPLC quantification. Proximate nutritional composition was also determined. Over half the diets analysed contained detectable concentrations of isoflavones, whereby total isoflavone content ranged from 1.75–183 mg/kg dry matter. The zoo‐specific diets were calculated to deliver a median isoflavone dose of 0.07 mg/kg body weight (BW) and a maximum of 1.95 mg/kg BW to captive cheetahs. On a metabolic body weight basis this equates to a maximum of 4.90–5.43 mg/kg^0.75. Some diets prepared for hand‐rearing neonatal cheetahs could expose neonates to doses of up to 4.24 mg/kg BW (or 4.24–6.33 mg/kg^0.75 for cubs under 3 months of age). Only one of six zoo‐specific diets was found to deliver isoflavones in doses shown to possess biological activity in other species. Therefore, on average, dietary isoflavones were not found in commercially prepared diets consumed by captive cheetahs in concentrations predicted to cause physiological changes. However, a small proportion of these diets, including hand‐rearing formulas, contained elevated isoflavones concentrations which may influence cheetah fertility, behaviour or other physiological parameters.     

用不同方法对不同年龄的家兔超排效果比较

本研究采用了FSH＋hCG和FSH＋LH两种超数排卵处理方法对本地白兔分组进行了超排试验。结果表明：（1）对本地白兔采用FSH＋hCG超排处理方法较FSH＋LH超排处理方法超排效果好;（2）本地经产母兔比青年母兔超排效果好。本试验为利用本地白兔进行转基因、胚胎移植等相关方面的科学研究进行了初步工作。     

采用不同处理方法对云南本地兔的超排试验

研究用183只本地成年母兔(白色),将其分成试验1,2,3组及对照组,分别采用FSH+LH,FSH+HCG,FSH+LHRH-A3等激素对其进行了超排处理。结果显示:FSH+LHRH-A3组效果最好(有效胚的百分率为64.5%),其次为FSH+HCG组(有效胚的百分率为62.7%),再次为FSH+LH组(有效胚的百分率为57.1%),经过X2检验,差异极显著(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

山羊GnRH和促性腺激素的释放特点

通过外科手术分别连续收集活体山羊中黄体期及早卵泡期的垂体门脉血样和外周血样,经放射免疫测定,山羊中黄体期和早卵泡期的促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）、促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）和促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）均呈波动式释放。在早卵泡期,ＦＳＨ单位时间内波动次数和血浆平均水平显著高于中黄体期;ＧｎＲＨ与ＬＨ的波动型基本一致,ＦＳＨ的变化不太规则。表明山羊垂体促性腺激素的释放受丘脑下部ＧｎＲＨ的调节,但ＦＳＨ似乎还存在其他调节机理。     

Effect of Follicle Size and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on Ovulation Induction and Embryo Recovery in the Mare

The timing of ovulation is an important component to many equine breeding strategies. The action of luteinizing hormone on ovulation induction has been recognized; however, potential effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have been less defined. Objectives of this study were to determine whether (1) mares could be induced to ovulate follicles ≤30 mm; (2) equine FSH (eFSH) has a positive effect on ovulation induction, and (3) ovulation of small follicles would affect embryo recovery. Light-horse mares (n = 12) between 4 and 10 years of age were assigned to treatments when they had a dominant growing follicle with a mean diameter of 24, 28, or 35 ± 2 mm and endometrial edema. Treatments were (1) H35, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 35 ± 2 mm; (2) F35, eFSH at 35 ± 2 mm; (3) H28, hCG at 28 ± 2 mm; (4) FH28, eFSH and hCG at 28 ± 2 mm; (5) D28, deslorelin (gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] analog) at 28 ± 2 mm; (6) FH24/H24, hCG or eFSH and hCG at 24 ± 2 mm. Mares’ reproductive tracts were scanned at 24 ± 2-hour intervals after treatment to detect ovulation. Mares were inseminated, and embryos were collected. Numbers of mares that ovulated within 48 ± 2 hours after treatment were: H35, 8/8 (100%); F35, 8/14 (57%); H28, 7/12 (58%); FH28, 9/12 (75%); D28, 3/7 (43%) and FH/H24, 4/14 (29%). The number of mares that ovulated in 48 ± 2 hours for H35 was not different from that for FH28 but was higher (P < .05) than all other groups. Embryo recovery rates, diameters, developmental stages, and morphology scores were not different for mares ovulating 48 hours or less versus more than 48 hours after treatment or among treatment groups. Results of this study demonstrate that follicles ≤30 mm can be induced to ovulate with no effect on embryo recovery or quality, as assessed by stereomicroscopy.     

不同超数排卵方法对天祝白牦牛超排效果的影响

为探索天祝白牦牛超数排卵的有效方法,选择54头纯种天祝白牦牛,利用国产促卵泡素(FSH)和进口FSH分别等量法和减量法进行超数排卵处理,比较其超数排卵效果。结果显示,应用等量法注射国产FSH超排的有效率为40%,减量注射法超数排卵的总有效率为50%;等量法和减量法注射进口FSH的超排有效率均为50%;使用大剂量FSH进行超排处理的有效率为50%;而应用FSH重复进行超数排卵处理的有效率为67%。结果表明,国产FSH与进口FSH在处理供体白牦牛进行超数排卵时,其效果差异不显著(P＞0.05),等量注射法和减量注射法对超排效果也无显著影响(P＞0.05)。在同等条件下,使用大剂量的FSH对供体进行超数排卵,其有效率与使用正常剂量FSH处理的有效率没有显著差异(P＞0.05),但重复超数排卵处理的效果显著高于一次处理的效果(P＜0.05),平均每头牛的排卵数也明显高于其他试验组。     

不同促性腺激素添加方式对猪卵母细胞生发泡染色质构型和卵母细胞成熟能力的影响

在卵母细胞体外成熟培养过程中,培养基中添加激素与否及其激素添加的先后顺序是影响猪卵母细胞核成熟和质成熟的一个重要因素.本试验将猪卵母细胞分别在FSH→不含激素、FSH→LH、FSH LH不含激素中培养48 h(培养第20～22 h后换液),并于成熟培养的第24 h(未换液)、48 h将卵母细胞进行荧光染色,观察其生发泡内染色质构型及卵母细胞核成熟情况.实验表明:(1)在IVM的前24 h,添加FSH LH组的GVIV期卵母细胞比例低于只添加FSH组,但差异不显著(8.99%比17.19%,P＞0.05);(2)在FSH存在的情况下,IVM的前期和后期添加LH能促进卵母细胞发生GVBD;(3)FSH LH培养24 h后转入不含激素培养基组,卵母细胞的核成熟比率显著高于添加FSH组和先添加FSH培养24 h后转入添加LH组(P＜0.05).     

Nerve growth factor production in sheep antral follicles

Despite their continuous turnover, sheep antral follicles are always regularly innervated. The local production of neurotrophins is probably involved in the control of ovarian innervation. In this context the present investigation was designed to evaluate the ability of sheep antral follicles to produce neurotrophic factors. In the first part of the paper neurotrophic activity was measured in follicular fluid of sheep antral follicles of different size. Using an in vitro model the effect of gonadotrophins on neurotrophin production was then evaluated. The levels of neurotrophic activity in conditioned medium or follicular fluid and the kind of neurotrophin produced were determined by using the chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia test combined with an immunoneutralization step. Follicular fluid from medium-large follicles (>4 mm) contains high levels of NGF (240-250 ng/ml), whereas the factor is nearly undetectable in small follicles (<3 mm) and in early atretic follicles. Experiments in vitro based on the culture of follicle shells for 12 hr confirmed that medium-large follicles can produce NGF. The production is strictly dependent on gonadotrophin stimulation. When gonadotrophins were not added or were added separately, no detectable levels of neurotrophic activity accumulated in medium. By contrast, in the presence of both LH and FSH the production of NGF became apparent showing a clear dose-response behavior. In addition, this production increased progressively with increasing follicle size from 4 to >5 mm up to values of about 60 ng/follicle, whereas follicles with a diameter of less than 3 mm were insensitive to gonadotrophins stimulation and did not produce significant amount of NGF. The data presented demonstrate that sheep follicles produce relevant amounts of NGF as long as the correct hormonal milieu is provided. Under these conditions the production of the NGF increases with increasing follicle size. This may be responsible for the rapid innervation of the wall of growing follicles and/or take part in other non-neural processes that are generally attributed to gonadotrophin stimulation.