日粮中添加大豆黄酮对蛋鸡抗氧化能力的影响

为研究日粮中添加大豆黄酮对老龄蛋鸡的抗氧化能力 ,随机抽取 40羽 42 0日龄伊沙蛋鸡 ,分为 2组 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组饲喂基础日粮 +大豆黄酮 (6mg/kg) ,试验期为 30d。结果显示 :与对照组相比 ,试验组蛋鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平提高了 6 2 4 % (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏组织及下丘脑组织中SOD变化不明显。试验组蛋鸡血清中丙二醛 (MDA)水平降低了 1 8 48% (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏和下丘脑组织中MDA水平分别降低了 34 48% (P <0 0 1 )和 2 5 0 7% (P <0 0 5)。同时 ,日粮中添加大豆黄酮后 ,蛋鸡产蛋率提高了 1 4 41 % (P <0 0 5) ,料蛋比降低了 6 2 5 % (P <0 0 5)。表明日粮中添加大豆黄酮可在一定程度上提高老龄蛋鸡机体的抗氧化能力和生产性能     

The effects of formic acid-treated shrimp meal on laying performance and egg quality in aged laying hens

An experiment was carried out to measure the suitability of using formic acid-treated shrimp meal (TSM) as a protein source for aged laying hens. Shrimp meal (SM), air-dried shrimp waste was treated with 3% formic acid (w/v) at room temperature for 20 min, sun-dried, ground to pass through 1.0 mm mesh screen and then ready to use as the TSM. A total of 56 Single Comb White Leghorn hens, 85 wk of age, were placed in individual cages and assigned randomly into 7 dietary groups of 8 birds each. A control diet, diets containing 5, 10, and 15% SM and diets containing 5, 10, and 15% TSM were prepared. Diets and water were given ad libitum during the 30-d experimental period. Hen-day egg production, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were deteriorated with increasing levels of the SM in the diets (P < 0.05). In contrast, these parameters were unchanged with increasing levels of the TSM in diets and compatible with the control group. No significant improvements were observed in exterior or interior egg quality among the dietary groups, except for eggshell weight, strength and yolk color, which were significantly increased in SM and TSM groups when compared to the values in control group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that inclusion of TSM up to 15% in laying hen diets may have beneficial effects on laying performance along with improved eggshell quality and yolk color, and suggested that TSM is a promising combined source of protein and calcium in aged laying hens.     

不同硒源对蛋鸡生产性能和硒沉积的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同硒源及不同水平对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋中硒沉积量的影响。试验选择产蛋率一致的海兰褐壳蛋鸡720只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共设计5种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮(不添加硒),处理组分别在基础日粮中添加2个水平的无机硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒,亚硒酸钠)以及2个水平的酵母硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒),试验共进行16周。结果发现,无论日粮添加酵母硒还是无机硒,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡生产性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。从第9周到试验结束,0.4mg/kg无机硒和0.8mg/kg酵母硒组较对照组和0.8mg/kg无机硒组显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05)。试验第9周开始,对照组、0.8mg/kg无机硒组和0.4mg/kg酵母硒组产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮无机硒或酵母硒添加水平的升高,鸡蛋中硒的沉积量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。从第4周开始到试验结束,无机硒或酵母硒组较对照组均显著提高了鸡蛋中硒含量(P<0.05)。在同一硒添加水平及同一时间下,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒含量(P<0.05),随着试验时间的增加,对照组鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,日粮硒的来源和添加水平直接影响鸡蛋硒沉积量,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒沉积量。日粮中酵母硒的添加量可以达到0.8mg/kg,对蛋鸡生产性能无负面影响。     

几种中药方剂对蛋鸡产蛋中后期生产性能的影响

105羽390日龄罗曼蛋鸡,随机均分5组。以4种中药方剂分别添加饲喂组1-组4鸡群,组5为对照。分别观察用药前(第0周)、用药后各组每周平均产蛋率、羽日蛋重、每周平均枚蛋重以及用药期平均料蛋比、破蛋率等生产性能指标。结果:至第11周时,对照组鸡群每周平均产蛋率仅77.55％,每周平均日蛋重仅52.72g/羽,分别比试验前下降13.72％和4.82 g;而组1和组2鸡群产蛋率仅分别下降4.76％和0.21％,日蛋重反而分别增加0.28g/羽和3.41g/羽。其余2组结果与对照组相近。组1和组2平均料蛋比分别为2.25和2.2,显著小于对照组5。组1和组2破蛋率比组5低4—5倍。结论:方1和方2可以明显提高产蛋中后期蛋鸡生产性能。     

The effects of phytase and xylanase supplementation on performance and egg quality in laying hens

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phytase and xylanase and their interaction on laying hen performance, egg quality, phosphorus (P) digestibility, phytate breakdown, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and peptide YY concentration.

2. Two hundred and forty hens were allocated to cages at 22 weeks of age based on a 3 × 2 arrangement with phytase (0, 300 or 1500 FTU/kg) and xylanase (0 or 12 000 BXU/kg) as factors.

3. Phytase increased hen-day production (P < 0.05), daily egg mass (P < 0.05) and P digestibility with increasing levels of phytase (P < 0.001). Phytase fed at 1500 FTU/kg reduced IP6 and IP5 and increased myo-inositol concentration in gizzard digesta (P < 0.05). Phytase fed at 300 FTU/kg reduced IP6 in ileal digesta (P < 0.05); however, IP6 and IP5 were further reduced and myo-inositol increased when phytase was added at 1500 FTU/kg (P < 0.05).

4. Xylanase improved feed efficiency when phytase was fed at 300 FTU/kg (P < 0.05). In the absence of phytase, xylanase reduced dry matter and Ca digestibilities (P < 0.05).

5. Neither phytase nor xylanase had an effect on peptide YY or caecal VFA concentrations.     

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on performance,serum biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens fed a diet containing ageing corn

This study investigated whether dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation could alleviate any detrimental effects of ageing corn in the diet for laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, cholesterol content and the fatty acid (FA) profile of egg yolks. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial design with two corn types (normal corn and ageing corn) and three concentrations of VE (0, 20 and 100 IU/kg). A total of 216 Lohmann laying hens (50‐week‐old) were randomly allocated into six treatment diets for 12 week. Each treatment had six replicates with six hens. The results showed that ageing corn significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI; p < 0.01) and egg weight (p < 0.05). Dietary VE supplementation had no significant influences on egg production performance (p > 0.05). Egg yolk colour was decreased in ageing corn diets (p < 0.01), while 20 and 100 IU/kg VE significantly improved vitelline membrane strength (p < 0.01) compared with feeding of 0 IU/kg VE. Ageing corn also significantly decreased the content of cholesterol including total cholesterol (TC; p < 0.05), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C; p < 0.01) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C; p < 0.05) in the serum. Feeding 100 IU/kg VE significantly increased the content of LDL‐C (p < 0.01) and VLDL‐C (p < 0.05) in the serum. Furthermore, the content of the oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was lower (p < 0.05) and stearic acid and total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was higher (p < 0.05) in egg yolks in ageing corn diets. Ageing corn resulted in reduced feed intake, egg weights and yolk colour, but the effects of VE supplementation were independent of those of age of corn and were unable to counteract the negative effects of feeding ageing corn.     

日粮添加黄芪多糖对蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力和鸡蛋品质的影响

选用540只27周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复27只鸡。采用单因素完全随机分组设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加100、200、300mg／kg黄芪多糖的日粮,试验期为70d,探讨日粮中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖对蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力和鸡蛋品质的影响。结果显示：黄芪多糖能不同程度地提高（P〈0．05）血清和蛋黄SOD、血清GSH—Px和T-AOC活性,显著降低（P〈0．05）血清和蛋黄MDA含量、蛋黄胆固醇质量浓度。随着受试时间的延长,各组内血清sOD活性显著升高（P〈0．05）,血清MDA含量和T-AOC活性显著降低（P〈0．05）;对照组的蛋黄MDA含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,而血清GsH—Px活性显著降低（P〈0．05）。结果表明,黄芪多糖能改善蛋鸡机体及其产品抗氧化能力,对蛋黄胆固醇质量浓度有降低作用。     

有机酸和益生元对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳质量的影响

文章旨在评估不同钙磷水平日粮中添加有机酸和益生元对蛋鸡产蛋量和蛋壳品质的影响。试验选择504只罗曼褐壳蛋鸡,根据产蛋率一致的原则随机分为14个组,每组36只鸡,采用蛋鸡单笼饲养。试验日粮采用2×7因子设计,即两个钙和磷水平(正常组和低水平组)以及不添加、添加0.8%的菊粉和低聚糖、0.5%挥发性脂肪酸中链脂肪酸、0.25%挥发性脂肪酸+0.25%中链脂肪酸、0.4%菊粉+0.25%中链脂肪酸,试验从26w开始到70w结束。试验结果发现,各处理组对产蛋率、采食量、饲料转化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。低钙磷日粮显著降低了蛋壳百分率、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳密度和蛋壳强度(P<0.05)。日粮添加益生元和有机酸能显著改善46、58和70w蛋壳质量,其中菊粉和中链脂肪酸对蛋壳质量的改善最为显著(P<0.05)。日粮钙、磷水平与益生元和有机酸对各指标的影响无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。结果表明,日粮添加有机酸可以降低饲料pH,同时益生元可以调控肠道功能,从而对高龄高产蛋鸡蛋壳品质有改善作用。     

鲜茶叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸水平及经济指标的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的鲜茶叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄脂肪酸水平的影响.试验将672只产蛋性能一致的28周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组蛋鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+20(T1)、40(T2)和60?mg/kg(T3)鲜茶叶粉,试验为期6周.结果:与对照组相比,...     

不同n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响

选用 16 8只 30周龄海兰褐蛋鸡 ,研究不同 n- 3/ n- 6多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响。 n- 3/ n- 6比值分别为 1∶ 1,1∶ 4 ,1∶ 8,1∶ 16 ,1∶ 32 ,维生素 E添加水平为 30 mg/ kg和 30 0 mg/ kg。在试验开始后的第 5周和第 7周给每个处理组中的 6只鸡注射牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) ,并分别于注射后第 10天翅静脉采血 ,测定 BSA抗体效价。测定第 5周及第 10周时外周全血淋巴细胞增殖速度和蛋黄 Ig Y水平。在第 9周给每个处理中 4只鸡注射脂多糖 (L PS) ,并于注射后 6 h,12 h,2 4 h后采血测定血浆中抗体 Ig G水平。试验结果表明 ,随着日粮中 n- 3/ n- 6比值的下降 ,BSA抗体效价显著下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,全血淋巴细胞增殖速度在第 5周时有上升的趋势 ,但差异不显著 ,而在第 10周时显著上升 (P<0 .0 5 )。蛋黄中抗体 Ig Y水平有随 n- 3/ n- 6比值下降而下降的趋势。注射 L PS后各时间点血浆 Ig G浓度随着 n- 3/ n- 6比值下降而下降。当日粮中 n- 3/ n- 6比值在 1∶ 1～ 1∶ 8之间时 ,产蛋鸡具有较好的免疫功能     

Effect of dietary supplementation of organic zinc on laying performance,egg quality and some biochemical parameters of laying hens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc methionine (Zn‐Met) supplementation on the performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters of blood serum in laying hens from 22 to 34 weeks of age. A total of 120 Hisex Brown laying hens of 22‐week‐old were randomly allocated into five treatments with six cage replicates for each (four hens/replicate). Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet with no Zn‐Met supplementation (control group) and basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. No significant differences were observed on body weight, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio due to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation. However, highly significant impact was observed on daily feed intake. Egg number, egg weight and egg mass were increased in the group fed diet supplemented with the highest level of Zn‐Met (100 mg/kg of diet) as compared to other groups. All egg quality traits were statistically (p > .05 or .01) affected as a response to dietary Zn‐Met supplementation except egg shape index, shell percentage and yolk index. In comparison with the control group, dietary supplementation of 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg decreased serum triglyceride and LDL‐cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol level was increased with all dietary levels of Zn‐Met in comparison with the control group. Dietary Zn‐Met supplementation increased the serum content of zinc, where the highest values were recorded with 50 and 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg diet. Dietary Zn‐Met levels did not affect the antioxidant indices in blood serum except for the activity of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu‐Zn‐SOD). The activity of Cu‐Zn‐SOD was increased with Zn‐Met supplementations with no differences among supplemental zinc levels. It is concluded that dietary Zn‐Met supplementation reduced serum triglyceride, LDL‐cholesterol and increased Zn status and resulted in promoting antioxidant ability of laying hens, and the addition of 100 mg Zn‐Met/kg to layer diet was appropriate for improving the above parameters in addition to egg production indices and Haugh unit score.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of resveratrol on performance,egg quality,yolk cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme activity of laying hens

1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of resveratrol on laying performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme activities of laying hens.

2. A total of 360 Beijing PINK-1 laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly distributed among five dietary treatments, each of which included 6 replicates of 12 hens. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg diet resveratrol. The study lasted for 9 weeks including 1 week of adaptation and 8 weeks of the main experimental period.

3. The results indicated that dietary resveratrol significantly improved feed conversion ratios during 5–8 weeks and 1–8 weeks of the trial. Increasing dietary concentrations of the resveratrol linearly improved Haugh unit and albumen height of eggs.

4. The content of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in serum and cholesterol in yolk was significantly decreased by dietary resveratrol, and there were significant linear correlations between these indexes and resveratrol supplemental levels.

5. Dietary resveratrol supplementation significantly improved serum Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content in groups with 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg resveratrol as compared to the control, respectively. However, supplementation of resveratrol did not affect the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD).

6. It is concluded that resveratrol supplementation has a positive effect on performance, lipid-related traits and antioxidant activity of laying hens.     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响.试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周.结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 m...     

脂肪粉对蛋鸡生产性能及相关理化指标的影响

为探讨饲料中添加脂肪对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,选择300日龄褐壳蛋鸡720只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理分为6个重复;试验组分别添加1％、2％脂肪粉,观测其对蛋鸡生产性能、生理变化及经济效益的影响。结果表明：添加脂肪,可以明显提高（P〈0．05）蛋鸡产蛋率（3．51～5．23％）和蛋重（6．03～8．69％）,降低采食量（3．63～3．67％）,改善饲料报酬（13．08～16．03％）;生理指标检测结果显示,试验组血清T3、T4含量显著提高（P〈0．05）,并且有提高GH、IGF－1含量趋势（P〉0．05）;综合经济效益分析,添加脂肪可以提高蛋鸡养殖效益（16．67～26．98％）。因此,杂粕型蛋鸡饲料中添加脂肪有实际意义。     

Effects of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance,eggshell quality,and bone parameters of laying hens fed on maize- and wheat-based diets

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation of maize/wheat-based diets on the performance, egg quality, and serum and bone parameters of laying hens.

2. During the 12-week experimental period, a total of 72 laying hens aged 52 weeks were randomly distributed among 6 experimental groups. Each experimental group contained 4 replicates, each with three birds. The experiment was a randomised design consisting of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of wheat substitution and two levels of enzyme (xylanase: 1500.00 U/kg, β-glucanase: 100 000 U/kg, cellulase: 1 000 000 U/kg, α-amylase: 160 000 U/kg) inclusion in the diet. Wheat replaced 0, 50, or 100% of maize with or without 1.0 g/kg enzyme supplementation in iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental diets.

3. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and the feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by the wheat-based diet. The eggshell quality parameters decreased with enzyme supplementation to the diet.

4. Wheat-based diets adversely affected calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the tibia, but the addition of the enzymes to the wheat-based diet prevented the negative effects of wheat-based diets on tibia mineralisation in laying hens. The wheat-based diets tended to reduce plasma mineral contents, and the addition of enzymes tended to affect plasma minerals and biomechanical properties of the tibia positively in laying hens.

5. These results indicate that wheat-based diets in aged laying hens adversely affected the mineral metabolism compared with maize-based diets, and the negative effects of wheat on bone mineralisation can be prevented by enzyme supplementation to the diets in laying hens.     

有机源锌和锰对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳和骨质量的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加有机源锌和锰替代无机锌和无机锰对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳和骨骼质量的影响。试验选择31周龄产蛋性能接近的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡616只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复22只。基础日粮锌和锰含量分别为50和30 mg/kg,对照组饲喂基础日粮,分别添加氧化锌和硫酸锰(锌40 mg/kg,锰60 mg/kg)。处理组分别在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg有机锌,30 mg/kg有机锰、20 mg/kg有机锌+30 mg/kg有机锰、40 mg/kg有机锌、60 mg/kg有机锰、40 mg/kg有机锌+60 mg/kg有机锰,上述含量均以相应元素计。试验共进行7周。结果显示:日粮用有机锌或锰替代50%或100%无机锌、锰对蛋鸡生产性能相关参数均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。对照组相比,有机锌或锰替代无机锌或锰的比例对32、46、60和74周龄蛋鸡蛋壳相对重量、蛋壳密度和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。与对照组相比,30 mg/kg有机锰、20 mg/kg有机锌+30 mg/kg有机锰组的蛋壳强度显著提高(P <0.05)。40 mg/kg有机锌+60 mg/kg有机锰组较无机锌、锰组显著提高了60、74周龄及全期蛋壳强度(P <0.05)。日粮添加有机锌或锰对胫骨物理参数及胫骨和趾骨灰分含量均无显著影响。结论 :日粮添加有机锌、锰替代无机锌锰对蛋鸡产蛋性能和骨质量无影响,但可以降低蛋鸡由于年龄升高对蛋壳强度的负面影响。     

人参提取物对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平人参提取物对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响.试验选择产蛋性能一致的450只海兰褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.04％和0.08％人参提取物,试验共进行6周.结果:与对照组相比,0.04％和0.08％人参提取物组...     

复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响

试验在基础饲粮中添加由丁酸梭菌和屎肠球菌组成的复合微生态制剂,研究其对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、肠道形态的影响.选取产蛋率和体重接近的40周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t金霉素,试验1组、2组...     

桑树叶粉作为饲料蛋白原料对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同水平的烘干桑树叶粉对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择产蛋性能一致的26周龄海兰粉壳蛋鸡900只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复45只鸡。试验采用单因素试验设计,共含4种日粮。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,3个处理组分别在基础日粮中添加10%、15%和20%的桑树叶粉,试验共开展12周。结果:日粮中桑树叶粉添加水平显著影响蛋鸡的生产性能(P<0.05);随着桑树叶添加水平的升高,蛋鸡产蛋率、采食量、蛋重和平均蛋重显著降低(P<0.05)。随着桑树叶粉添加水平的升高,鸡蛋哈夫单位显著提高(P<0.05),蛋黄和蛋壳重量显著降低(P<0.05);32周龄鸡蛋蛋黄颜色L、a、b评分显著升高(P<0.05),20%桑树叶粉组蛋黄颜色L、a、b评分最高(P<0.05)。日粮添加10%~20%桑树叶粉较对照组均显著提高了38周龄鸡蛋蛋黄颜色L、a、b评分(P<0.05),其中蛋黄颜色L和a评分随桑树叶粉添加水平的升高显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:日粮桑树叶粉添加水平可以达到10%,其对蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质无负面影响。蛋鸡日粮添加桑树叶粉可以提高产蛋高峰期鸡蛋蛋黄的着色效果。