日粮中添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶的影响

为研究日粮中添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶活性的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将50头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为两组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%复合蛋白酶制剂。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪的平均日增重提高5.1%,料重比降低4.67%;试验组空肠的绒毛高度(VH)显著提高40.66μm(P<0.05),且绒毛隐窝比值提高了9.94%(P<0.05);试验组空肠的蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性均极显著升高,分别提高了2.89U/mL和23.25U/mL(P<0.01)。综上所述,在饲料中添加蛋白酶明显提高了仔猪的日增重,降低了料重比和成本,且促进了肠道绒毛和隐窝结构的发育和肠道消化酶的活性,改善了仔猪的生长性能。     

发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响

为研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕(FSBM)对仔猪肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响,试验选择初始体重为(7.5±0.5)kg的纯种大白断奶仔猪60头,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂含豆粕(SBM)饲料,试验组饲喂含发酵豆粕(FSBM)的饲料,试验期30d。试验结束时,每组随机选择6头仔猪,收集小肠内三个不同部位的组织样本观察肠道形态,同时采集肠道内容物样品,测定消化酶活性。结果表明:与SBM组相比,FSBM组仔猪小肠三个不同部位的绒毛高度均显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05),仔猪胰腺胰蛋白酶活性显著下降(P<0.05)。综上,FSBM能改善断奶仔猪肠道形态和消化酶活性。     

锌-多糖螯合物对断奶仔猪腹泻、营养物质表观消化率、消化酶活性的影响

试验将280只平均体重为(6.13±0.22)kg的断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复10只猪。试验基础日粮为玉米-大豆型日粮,对照组(锌含量为42.5 mg/kg)和试验组分别在基础日粮中分别以硫酸锌、硫酸锌+多糖及锌-多糖螯合物的影响分别添加80 mg/kg锌。结果表明,锌-多糖螯合物比硫酸锌和硫酸锌+多糖显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05)。饲喂锌-多糖螯合物日粮的断奶仔猪较硫酸锌日粮组显著降低了腹泻率(P<0.05),且粗蛋白质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。日粮添加锌-多糖螯合物较硫酸锌和硫酸锌+多糖组显著提高了十二指肠蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),同时锌-多糖螯合物组较对照组和硫酸锌组也显著提高了十二指肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。结论:本试验结果表明,日粮添加锌-多糖螯合物在降低断奶仔猪腹泻率、提高十二指肠消化酶活性和生长性能方面表现出不同于硫酸锌或硫酸锌+多糖的生物活性。     

Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on growth performance,intestinal histomorphology,digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporters expression of weaned piglets

Fifty-six piglets were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens for a 14-day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na +K − Cl mEq/kg of the diet; −50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate contents. Dietary CA significantly increased (p < .05) villus height (VH) and villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) in the jejunum. Piglets fed a 250 mEq/kg diet increased (p < .05) VH and VH:CD values in the duodenum. Jejunal VH and VH:CD increased (quadratic; p < .05), and ileal VH:CD (liner and quadratic; p < .05) decreased as dEB was increased in diets without CA, but no such effect was observed on the diets containing CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). The CD in jejunum (quadratic; p < .05) increased as dEB was increased in diets containing CA, whereas it was decreased (linear; p < .05) in the diets without CA (dEB ×CA; p < .001). Dietary CA increased maltase activity and reduced the number of Ki67-positive cells (p < .05). Increasing dEB values in diets without CA increased sucrose and lactase activities (quadratic; p < .05), but no such effect was observed in the diets with CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). An interaction effect between dEB and CA on the number of Ki67-positive cells was observed (p < .001). In conclusion, 250 mEq/kg dEB diet with CA improved piglet intestinal digestion and absorption function by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activities. However, these improvements were also observed in piglets fed the 100 mEq/kg dEB diet without CA.     

Bacillus subtilis Z-27制剂对仔猪肠道酶活及消化性能的影响

试验目的在于研究枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27制剂对断奶仔猪肠道消化酶活力、常规营养成分、生长性能的影响,为该菌剂的益生机理的研究提供参考。将供试仔猪分为试验组和对照组,试验组饲喂添加0.1%Z-27菌剂的T2饲料,对照组饲喂T2饲料。采用GB/T 23527—2009、GB/T8275—2009等方法测定仔猪粪便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶等消化酶活力;利用GB/T 6435—2006、GB/T6432—94等方法测定粪便中水分、粗蛋白质等常规养分的含量;记录采食量并称取始重和末重。试验表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪的粪便中蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶的平均活力和脂肪酶水解液酸价分别提高了62.99%、34.56%、133.10%和66.57%;粪便中残留的粗蛋白质、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗纤维等有机成分含量分别下降了30.51%、52.13%、18.44%和26.73%,而无机成分的含量基本无变化;平均日增重提高了9.38%,料重比降低了4.94%。研究表明,枯草芽孢杆菌Z-27制剂具有提高仔猪肠道消化酶活力、提高饲料转化率、改善仔猪生长性能的作用。     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态结构的影响

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表现消化率及肠道形态结构的影响,试验选取同批次体况相近的21日龄[杜×长×大,(6.39±0.36)kg]断奶仔猪180头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0×106、1.0×107 cfu/g凝结芽孢...     

壳寡糖对断奶仔猪回肠养分消化、小肠形态及隐窝细胞增殖的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮添加壳寡糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和小肠功能的影响,评估其作为断奶仔猪日粮中抗生素替代品的效果。试验选择21 d断奶的三元仔猪280头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复14头猪,各组猪只分别饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加0、80、160、240 mg/kg壳寡糖和45 mg/kg盐霉素的日粮,试验分为1~28 d和29~56 d两个阶段,共进行8周。结果显示,日粮添加160 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高回肠粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、钙和磷的表观消化率(P <0.05),显著提高小肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05),同时显著提高56 d十二指肠和空肠隐窝细胞增殖活力(P <0.05)。结论:日粮添加160 mg/kg壳寡糖可以通过提高回肠养分表观消化率、绒毛高度和肠上皮细胞的数量来促进消化吸收能力,进而提高断奶仔猪生长性能和健康状态,其作用与盐霉素的效果相当。     

地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响

为研究地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响,试验采用体重、健康状况相近的(25±1)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4组(对照组、400mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌组、200mg/kg低聚木糖组和地衣芽孢杆菌+低聚木糖组),每组5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。结果表明:(1)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪的平均日增重显著提高15.1%和12.8%(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低34.1%和41.2%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪的料肉比显著降低10.6%(P<0.05);(2)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪空肠的绒毛高度显著提高20.3%和16.3%(P<0.05),绒隐比显著提高31.5%和20.7%;(3)地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪血清D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平显著降低14.6%和19.1%(P<0.05);(4)低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便乳杆菌数量显著提高5.3%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便大肠杆菌数量显著降低12.5%和9.4%(P<0.05),并且两者有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。因此,断奶仔猪日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖可以改善仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,改善肠道绒毛结构和屏障功能,促进肠道微生物平衡。     

Imbalanced dietary methionine-to-sulfur amino acid ratio can affect amino acid profiles,antioxidant capacity,and intestinal morphology of piglets

Animal protein sources such as fishmeal and plasma powder are excellent and indispensable sources of energy, amino acids, and minerals in animal production. Amino acid imbalance, especially methionine-to-sulfur amino acid (Met:SAA) ratio, caused by an imbalance of animal protein meal leads to growth restriction. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of imbalanced Met:SAA ratio supplementation of different animal protein source diets on growth performance, plasma amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned piglets (castrated males; BW = 10.46 ± 0.34 kg), assigned randomly into 3 groups (8 piglets/group), were fed for 28 d. Three experimental diets of equal energy and crude protein levels were as follows: 1) a corn-soybean basal diet with a Met:SAA ratio at 0.51 (BD); 2) a plasma powder diet with a low Met:SAA ratio at 0.41 (L-MR); 3) a fishmeal diet with a high Met:SAA ratio at 0.61 (H-MR). Results revealed that compared to BD, L-MR significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of plasma total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase, plasma amino acid profiles, and significantly reduced (P < 0.05) villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, L-MR significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression level of solute carrier family 7 member 9 (SlC7A9) in the ileum, and significantly increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the duodenum, and Claudin-1, ZO-1, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters 2 (SNAT2) and SlC7A7 in the jejunum. H-MR significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma SAA levels, and significantly reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake, villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio in the ileum compared to BD. In conclusion, L-MR may result in oxidative stress and villous atrophy but proves beneficial in improving intestinal barrier function and the activity of amino acid transporters for compensatory growth. H-MR may impair intestinal growth and development for weaned piglets. The research provides a guidance on the adequate Met:SAA ratio (0.51) supplementation in diet structure for weaned piglets.     

Effect of dietary supplementation with protease on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,digestive enzymes and gene expression of weaned piglets

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protease supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression in weaned piglets. A total of 300 weaned piglets(21 days of age Duroc x Large White x Landrace; initial BW = 6.27 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 5 groups. The 5 diets were: 1) positive control diet(PC), 2) negative control diet(NC), and 3) protease supplementations, which were 100, 200, and 300 mg per kg NC diet. Results indicated that final BW, ADG, ADFI, crude protein digestibility, enzyme activities of stomach pepsin, pancreatic amylase and trypsin, plasma total protein, and intestinal villus height were higher for the PC diet and the supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P 0.05). Supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared with NC diet(P 0.05). Feed to gain ratio, diarrhea index, blood urea nitrogen, and diamine oxidase were lower for the PC diet and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P 0.05). Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher peptide transporter 1(PepTl) mRNA abundance in duodenum than piglets fed the NC diet(P 0.05), and supplementations of 100, 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the PepTl mRNA abundance in duodenum(P 0.05) comparing with the NC diet. Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum than piglets fed the NC diet(P 0.05), and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum and ileum comparing with the NC diet(P 0.05). In summary, dietary protease supplementation increases growth performance in weaned piglets, which may contribute to the improvement of intestinal development, protein digestibility, nutrient transport efficiency, and health status of piglets when fed low digestible protein sources.     

微生物处理豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能及消化道酶活性的影响

选用60头28日龄的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,分为试验组和对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别饲喂含豆粕和微生物处理豆粕的日粮,研究微生物发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪消化道酶活性及其生长性能的影响。结果表明:饲喂微生物处理过的豆粕仔猪的料重比降低4.20%(P<0.05);肠黏膜中蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶、乳糖酶及淀粉酶的活性比对照组分别提高了25.88%(P<0.01)、85.26%(P<0.05)、15.11%(P<0.05)和22.31%(P<0.01);十二指肠内容物脂肪酶、淀粉酶及总蛋白水解酶活性比对照组提高27.15%(P<0.01)、53.74%(P<0.01)和13.8%(P<0.05);     

饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor on nutrient digestibility,intestinal development and expression of nutrient transporters in early‐weaned piglets

The abnormalities in intestinal morphology and digestive function during weaning are associated with the loss of milk‐borne growth factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. This study was to determine the effect of dietary EGF on nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and the expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters in weaned piglets. Forty‐two piglets were weaned at 21 days and assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 200 µg/kg EGF or (3) basal diet + 400 µg/kg EGF. Each treatment consisted of 14 replicates, and seven piglets from each treatment were sampled on day 7 and 14. The EGF supplementation significantly elevated (p < 0.05) the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, but tended to decrease sucrase activity (p < 0.10) than the control group. At day 7 post‐weaning, animals receiving EGF diets showed a tendency (p < 0.10) towards greater ileal villus height (VH), jejunal crypt depth (CD) and duodenal VH:CD when compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2 (Slc2a2), neutral amino acid transporter (Slc6a19) and calbindin D9k (S100G) tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for EGF groups than the control group. By day 14, EGF supplementation markedly enhanced (p < 0.05) the VH, CD and VH:CD in the jejunum compared to the control group. This addition also up‐regulated (p < 0.05) the mRNA level and the protein abundance of peptide transporter 1 than the control group. These findings demonstrated that dietary EGF beneficially enhanced nutrient digestibility, improved intestinal development and increased the mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in weaned piglets.     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道形态发育的影响

选21日龄断奶的杜大长仔猪72头,按试验要求分为2组,每组3个重复,每重复12头。分别饲喂基础日粮和含1%谷氨酰胺(Gln)日粮,试验期21 d,在断奶后0 d、7 d和14 d分别屠宰取小肠测重,并取十二指肠、空肠、回肠测定绒毛高度和隐窝深度。试验结果表明:断奶后7 d,日粮中添加Gln可显著提高仔猪的平均日增重和小肠相对重量,提高十二指肠和空肠绒毛的高度,降低十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度;断奶后14 d,日粮中添加Gln对断奶仔猪的生长和肠道形态发育影响与基础日粮组相比差异不显著。     

复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能及肠道酶活性的影响

将200只21日龄罗斯肉鸡分成5个处理组:处理1组(正对照组)、处理2组(负对照组),处理3～5组在负对照组日粮基础上各添加一种商业复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂产品。测定肉鸡生长性能及42日龄肠道消化酶活性。结果显示:处理3组肉鸡的料肉比显著优于(P≤0.05)处理1、2和5组;末体重指标,处理3和4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于处理2和5组。处理3组肉鸡十二指肠的淀粉酶以及十二指肠内容物的蛋白酶活性显著高于(P≤0.05)处理1和2组。处理4和5组肉鸡的十二指肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性差异不显著,但显著低于处理3组。处理3组肉鸡空肠内容物的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于其它4个处理组。以上结果说明,选用复合NSP酶制剂应实测产品的酶种类和酶活性,以合理有效使用。     

氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响

试验选用24头断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,将过氧化物值(POV)为11.78meqO2/kg的新鲜鱼油(FFO)和POV分别为399.81、701.62、1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油(OFO)以3%的比例加入到断奶仔猪日粮中,饲喂4周,旨在建立以氧化油脂为氧化应激源的氧化应激动物模型,初探氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,氧化应激降低试验猪只生产性能和养分利用率。与FFO组相比,以POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油作用效果最明显。该过氧化程度的氧化鱼油可使平均日增重降低8.16%,饲料增重比提高9.22%(P<0.05);氮表观消化率和表观利用率分别下降21.91%(P<0.001)和30.55%(P<0.001);干物质和粗脂肪表观消化率分别降低13.05%(P<0.05)和35.18%(P<0.05)。结论:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加3%的POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油可诱导氧化应激,引起生产性能和养分利用率的下降。     

The effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide on growth performance,intestinal microbiota,morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide (HiZox) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of (6.55 ± 0.25 kg; 21 d of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: (1) a corn‐soybean basal diet; (2) basal diet + 3,000 mg/kg conventional ZnO; (3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg HiZox; (4) basal diet + 500 mg/kg HiZox. The experiments lasted for 28 days. Incremental HiZox in the diet increased ADG (linear p = 0.015; quadratic p = 0.043) and ADFI (linear p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.038), and the diarrhea index decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01) as HiZox supplemented increased. Furthermore, supplementation with HiZox increased the amounts of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum in comparison with that of control treatment or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO treatment, while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli, Clostridium coccoides, and Clostridium. leptum subgroup (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum relative to those in control treatment. The addition of HiZox increased the villus height and villus‐to‐crypt ratio (VC) of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.05), while decreased the crypt depth of jejunum (p < 0.05) and tended to reduce the crypt depth of duodenum (p < 0.10) compared with the control treatment. Piglets fed with 500 mg/kg HiZox had lower serum D‐lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than those fed with basal control diet or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO diet (p < 0.01). The results suggested that supplementation with HiZox modulated intestinal microbial composition and improved intestinal morphology, which may exert protective effects on the integrity of the mucosal barrier function of weaned piglets, was as efficacious as pharmaceutical doses of ZnO in enhancing growth performance, indicating that the HiZox may be a promising alternative to pharmaceutical doses of ZnO.     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

不同复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲料养分利用率影响的比较研究

选用25～27日龄断奶的"长×大"二元杂交断奶仔猪96头[平均体重为(7.31±0.14)kg],以研究不同复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲料养分消化率的影响。试验仔猪按完全随机区组设计分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期14 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组A、B、C在基础日粮中分别添加不同的复合酶A、B、C。试验结果表明:基础日粮中添加复合酶A、B、C后,断奶仔猪的平均日增重分别提高了7.58%(P<0.05)、10.15%(P<0.05)和5.74%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低了5.47%(P<0.05)、8.59%(P<0.05)和6.25%(P<0.05),有机物、粗蛋白和磷的消化率显著提高(P<0.05),粗蛋白的消化率分别提高了2.96%、3.3%和2.26%。在3种复合酶中,以复合酶B的效果为最好,其次为复合酶A和C。     

抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平抗菌肽替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响。试验选择平均体重为(5.76±0.02)kg的21 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪672头,根据个体大小随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42头。试验分为1～14 d和15～28 d两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg盐霉素,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+0、50或100 mg/kg抗菌肽。试验进行28 d。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪28 d体重(P <0.05),1～14 d和1～28 d日增重(P <0.05),1～14 d、15～28 d、1～28 d采食量,显著降低了1～28 d料重比(P <0.05)。随着日粮抗菌肽添加水平的升高,28 d体重、1～14 d、15～28 d及1～28 d日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪14和28 d干物质、14 d粗蛋白质表观消化系数(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著降低了14和28 d粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),且总厌氧菌、梭菌和大肠杆菌含量随抗菌肽添加水平的升高而显著降低(P <0.05);与抗菌肽组相比,对照组显著降低了回肠总厌氧菌含量(P <0.05)。饲喂对照组日粮的断奶仔猪较抗菌肽组显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著提高了空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05)。根据试验结果推断,日粮添加抗菌肽可以作为抗生素替代品,具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能、干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率、绒毛形态及降低粪中有害菌含量的作用。