吉林29号大豆新品种简介

吉林２９号大豆新品种简介吉林２９号大豆新品种是吉林省农科院大豆所通过品种间有性杂交，以公交７４２４－８作母本，辽豆３号作父本，经多年选育而成。原品系编号为公交８３４７－２６，１９９３年经吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定，确定为推广品种。该品种的主要特点...     

大豆新品种“保豆3号”选育及栽培技术

"保豆3号"是从中作01-03中选择变异单株,经系统选育培育的高产大豆新品种。2012年2月通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为冀审豆2012003号。介绍了其选育经过、特征特性和配套栽培技术。     

高产大豆新品种连豆1号的选育及栽培技术

连豆1号大豆新品种是瓦房店市农业技术推广中心于1988年以瓦8813大豆为母本、凤交66-12为父本进行有性杂交经过多年选育而成的.突出特点是高产、抗病.2001年通过辽宁省品种审定委员会审定,命名为连豆1号.     

高产优质抗病大豆新品种邯豆1O

高产优质大豆新品种邯豆10是邯郸市农业科学院以鲁豆11为母本、自选品种邯豆三号为父本,根据性状互补的原则组配杂交组合．选育出的适合河北省种植的高产（产量超对照品种8％左右）、优质、抗病性强的大豆新品种．2011年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定（审定编号：冀审豆2011002）,适宜河北省中北部春播种植。     

高蛋白大豆中黄42产量表现及栽培技术

中黄42是中国农科院作物所以诱处4号为母本、锦豆33号为父本杂交选育出的大豆新品种,2007年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。2010年通     

大粒型大豆品种鲁黄1号的选育及推广应用

鲁黄1号是山东圣丰种业科技有限公司以跃进5号为母本、以早熟豆1号为父本进行杂交组合,经系谱法选育而成,2009年通过国家审定,审定编号2009016。2年来已累计建立繁育基地3333hm~2,累计推广面积6.67万hm~2。为豫、冀、晋、鲁、陕大豆种植区提供了高产、优质、高抗大豆新品种。鲁黄1号是目前黄淮海中片国家审定的最受欢迎的大豆新品种。     

夏大豆新品种山宁12号

早熟、优质、高产夏大豆新品种山宁12号是山东省济宁市农业科学院和济宁市益农高新农技事务所选育的早熟优质夏大豆新品种,原代号JN9843-06(豆交78号).2005年3月经山东省农作物品种审定委员会通过审定.全生育期在100 d左右.三年平均蛋白质含量为41.96%,脂肪21.39%,为优质双高品种,其籽粒圆形,整齐均匀,脐色浅褐色,商品性好.     

高产鲜食大豆新品种七星一号

七星一号是抚顺市农业科学研究院从台湾75变异株系选育而成的高产鲜食大豆新品种,于2007年11月通过国家品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为国审豆2007021。     

铁豆37号大豆新品种选育

铁豆37号是辽宁省铁岭市大豆科学研究所选育的高产大豆新品种.该品种具有高产、优质、稳产、增产潜力大、抗病及抗性强、适应区域广等特点,2005年12月经辽宁省品种审定委员会审定通过.     

套作高蛋白夏大豆新品种南夏豆46的选育及栽培技术

南夏豆46是由南充市农业科学院选育的超高蛋白夏大豆新品种。2022年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为川审豆20223003。2019—2020年参加四川省特殊类型套作大豆自主区域试验,两年平均产量1 451.7 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产3.0%;2021年参加套作大豆生产试验,平均产量1 462.05 kg·hm^-2,较对照贡选1号增产4.5%。籽粒粗蛋白质含量45.4%,粗脂肪含量16.7%,属高蛋白大豆新品种。抗性鉴定结果：中感SC3、感SC7大豆花叶病毒生理小种。种皮黑色,是四川省第一个通过套作审定的黑皮大豆新品种。2021年参加四川省净作大豆品种展示比较试验,平均产量2 227.5 kg·hm^-2,较对照南夏豆25增产9.2%,增产显著,适宜净作。适宜在四川省平坝、丘陵及类似生态区套作和净作种植。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Evolutionary aspects of the trade-off between seed size and number in crops

Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.

The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).

The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors.     

Citrus Flavonoids in Fruit and Traditional Chinese Medicinal Food Ingredients in China

Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China.     

Effect of a continuous hot water treatment of potato tubers on seed-borne fungal pathogens

Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive. Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk. Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d.     

Role of Benzoxazinones in Cereals

Summary

Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding

Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding.     

Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds

The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant.     

Biological factors influencing the transmission of potato leafroll virus by different aphid species

Summary Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani.