渗透调节物质及有机附加物对小麦体细胞胚发生影响的研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effect of osmosis-regulating substances and organic appendices on somatic embryogenesis in wheat. [Method] The suitable concentration combination of appendices was optimized by adding different concentrations of osmosis-regulating substances including mannitol, sorbitol and organic appendices such as Gln, CH and LH, into the somatic embryogenesis in wheat. [Result] The mannitol or sorbitol lower than 40 g/L was helpful for improving somatic embryogenesis; there was no significant difference in the induction rate of somatic embryogenesis when 300-500 mg/L Gln、CH or LH was respectively added into the induced medium, while somatic embryogenesis could be enhanced dramatically in the presence of 500 mg/L Gln together with 300 mg/L CH. [Conclusion] Somatic embryogenesis could be improved to some extent by different concentrations of osmosis-regulating substances and organic appendices, which laid foundation for establishing a more perfect system of somatic embryogenesis in wheat.     

Hg2+与Cr(Ⅵ)对富营养化水体中藻类生长的毒性效应

[Objective]The toxicity effect of Hg2 and Cr(Ⅵ)on alga growth in eutrophic water was studied to provide reference for biomonitoring and bioremediation of eutrophic water.[Method]The mother liquid of alga,which was separated from the eutrophic water,were put into the solutions of Hg2 and Cr(Ⅵ)with different concentrations and their mixture solution,respectively.And the toxicity effect of Hg2 and Cr(Ⅵ)on the growth and propagation of alga in eutrophic water was observed.[Result]The alga in eutrophic water performed rather sensitive to Cr(Ⅵ)and when its concentration Was over 1 ms/L,threre was obvious effect on alga growth.The alga Was not very sensitive to Hg2 when its concentration was lower, but its toxicity became stronger and stronger when its concentration increased to some extent and the toxicity effect of Cr(Ⅵ)on alga growth was inst on the centrary. When the ion concentration was lower than 10 ms/L,the toxicity of Hg2 on alga was lower than that of Cr(Ⅵ).When the concentration was over 10 ms/L,the toxieity of Hg2 exceeded that of Cr(Ⅵ).The toxicity of ion mixture solution of Hg2 and Cr(Ⅵ)had synergism inhibition on alga,which could be performed only when the concentration was over4 mg/L.[Conclusion]The toxicity of heavy metal on alga not only related to the alga cell,but also related to the concentration of heavy metal ion.     

外源牛磺酸处理对枸杞幼苗生理特性的影响(英文)

[Objective] The study was to investigate the relationship between taurine and physiological activities of Lyium bararum seedlings. [Method] Through applying different concentrations of taurine(0, 10, 100, 500, 1 000, 5 000 mg/L), the photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), and the activities of membrane protective enzymes superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the treated L. bararum seedlings were measured. [Result] Treatment of proper taurine concentration could to some extent enhance Pn and increase the POD and SOD activities, and meanwhile decreased the Gs and MDA content. And the optimum application amount of taurine was determined to be 500 mg/L. [Conclusion] Proper concentration of taurine has protective effects on the cell membrane of L. bararum seedlings.     

Optimum Condition Selection of Xylitol Candida tropicalis Conversion Production

[Objective] The aim was to select the optimum conditions of xylitol Candida tropicalis conversion production. [Method] The effect of cell culture time,conversion time,conversion pH value,conversion initial sugar concentration,speed and inoculation rate were determined respectively.[Result] Optimum fermentation conditions were obtained as follows:cell culture 16 h,conversion time 10 h,conversion pH value 5.5,conversion initial sugar concentration 20 g/L,conversion shaking speed 150 r/min,inoculation rate 10% (volume ratio). The yield of xylitol has increased to 90%. [Conclusion] This study had provided basis for the further study on xylitol.     

甘蓝型油菜新不育系恢复材料花药培养影响因素的研究（英文）

Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile(NER).Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow:① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L,NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER.②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups.From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level.The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually.③The combined use of 2,4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus.④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L.Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L,6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet induction rate.     

Screening Method for Transgenic Maize with Kanamycin Resistance

[Objective]The paper was to establish simple and effective method to screen marker gene in maize with kanamycin resistance.[Method]Using inbred line "Chang 7-2" and hybrid "Zhengdan 958" of maize as test materials,their seeds were soaked with different concentrations and volumes of kanamycin for3 and 4 d,respectively,the rate of albino seedlings and average seedling height after sowing for10 d were investigated.[Result]The rate of albino seedlings not only was related to kanamycin concentration,but also had relationship with solution volume during soaking process.The difference between inbred line and hybrid was no significant.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 200 mg/L was used to soak seeds for 3 d,the rate of albino seedlings basically could reach 100%.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 100 mg/L was used to soak 20 seeds for 3 d to carry out resistance screening,the accuracy was up to 84.8% after verifying the screening test of T1 transgenic maize plants.[Conclusion]The method was feasible,which could be used as a simple method for screening transgenic gene maize with kanamycin resistance.     

寒地早粳花培培养基中铁的效应(英文)

In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 F1 progenies of early Japonica rice in cold region on medium with different Fe2+ contents, it was found that Fe2+ content generated greater impacts on the induction rate and green plantlet differentiation. The result demonstrated that if Fe2+ increased from 32 to 40 mg/kg, the induction rate of early Japonica rice anther culture in N6 culture media was more then 1.4 times higher than that in N6 culture media containing 5.6 mg/kg Fe2+. In this concentration range, the induction rate increased with the increase of Fe2+ content, while if the concentration was over this concentration range, the induction rate decreased with the increase of Fe2+, showing single peak distribution. When the Fe2+ was 40 mg/kg in differentiation medium, the differentiation rate decreased dramatically. The green plantlet differentiations of callus which were induced on culture media containing 32-40 mg/kg Fe2+ were different, when they were cultured on MS culture media, and 85.7% materials could increase green plantlet productivity to about 7.8%. Therefore, increasing Fe2+in induction media properly could increase anther culture efficiency of early Japonica rice in cold region.     

Hg2+胁迫对小麦幼苗POD、CAT和SOD同工酶的影响（英文）

[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.     

蒜氨酸酶动力学性质研究（英文）

[Objective] The kinetic characteristics of alliinase was studied to select the optimum reaction performance.[Method] Alliinase activity was measured to analysis the influence of temperature,pH,substrate concentration and metal iron.[Result] Alliinase was an enzyme with thermal instability.Its optimum reaction temperature was 29 ℃ and pH value was 6.1.The Vmax was 0.439 IU/mg and Km was 0.483 mmol/L by using natural extract as substrate.Alliinase activity was activated when the K+,Mg2+,Na+ and Cd2+ existed and alliinase activity was inhibited when Cu2+ existed.[Conclusion] Results showed that the kinetic characteristics of alliinase supply the academic foundation for development and application of garlic medical products.     

Study on the Integration of T-DNA into Lilium longiflorum

[Objective] The aim of this study is to obtain transgenic Lilium longiflorum Thumb. [Method] A two-step method of explant and the T-DNA integration technique were employed to transform Lilium longiflorum via Agrobacterium mediated method. [Result] The best infection effect appeared under the OD600 value of Agrobacterium within 0.6-0.8,the addition of 250 mg/L AS could increase the transformation efficiency. The optimal concentration of G418 for screening is 50 mg/L. Some putative transgenic plants of Lilium longiflorum with resistance to G418 showed positive in PCR,preliminarily proving that T-DNA gene had integrated into the genome of lily. [Conclusion] The study may lay a foundation for breeding excellent lily varieties through T-DNA integration technique.     

丁香酚对中国对虾幼虾麻醉效果的研究

[目的]为麻醉中国对虾幼虾寻求一种好的方法。[方法]研究不同浓度丁香酚对中国对虾的麻醉效果、麻醉后对虾离水操作的可行性及温度对麻醉效果的影响。[结果]水温为24℃、丁香酚浓度为50~400 mg/L时,幼虾可被有效麻醉;且在50~400 mg/L的浓度范围内,随着丁香酚浓度的增加,对虾麻醉所需的时间缩短,而复苏所需的时间不断增加;丁香酚浓度低于200 mg/L时,麻醉对虾的复苏率可达100%;而用400 mg/L的药液麻醉对虾时,对虾的复苏率仅有66.67%。对苏醒后的对虾继续观察3 d,各试验组的对虾存活率均为100%。同种剂量的药液,其麻醉效果随着水温(18~27℃)的升高而增强。[结论]丁香酚是中国对虾安全、有效的麻醉剂。     

中国对虾与日本对虾对白斑综合征病毒耐受力的比较

[目的]比较中国对虾与日本对虾对白斑综合征病毒的耐受力,为WSSV的病害防治提供参考。[方法]在盐度30‰和(24±2)℃下,将体长约8~9 cm的中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensi)与日本对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)停食48 h后,投喂感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的死亡对虾,观察其摄食及感染情况,比较这2种虾的对WSSV耐受力。[结果]中国对虾的平均死亡率为63.33%,发病高峰期为4~5 d,而日本对虾的平均死亡率为54.44%,发病高峰期为5~7 d,中国对虾的发病率于日本对虾,发病时间也较日本对虾早。[结论]中国对虾对WSSV的耐受能力要强于日本对虾。     

河北鸭梨黑斑病菌的热水药剂综合处理方法研究

[目的]为建立河北鸭梨检疫除害处理技术标准提供依据。[方法]通过对河北鸭梨黑斑病菌进行室内毒力试验筛选出了杀灭病原菌菌丝的药剂条件。[结果]处理温度为40℃时,150 mg/L咪鲜胺能杀灭病原菌,但处理温度低于40℃时,750 mg/L咪鲜胺也不能杀灭病原菌。噻菌灵的抑菌率集中在20%～30%。处理温度低于40℃时,克菌丹的抑菌率低于50%;处理温度为40℃时,1 000mg/L克菌丹的抑菌率高达90%。处理时间为40 min时,400和500 mg/L抑霉唑的抑菌率在90%～100%,病原菌没有被杀灭;处理时间20 min及以上时,300 mg/L抑霉唑能杀灭病原菌。处理温度为20℃及以上时,300 mg/L抑霉唑能杀灭病原菌;处理温度为40℃时,400和500 mg/L抑霉唑能杀灭病原菌;处理温度为20℃时,400 mg/L抑霉唑能杀灭病原菌。[结论]该研究为防治河北鸭梨黑斑病菌提供了技术依据。     

丁香酚纳米乳对鲢鱼麻醉作用研究

将鲢鱼置于不同浓度的丁香酚纳米乳中,研究其对鲢鱼的麻醉效果。结果表明:丁香酚纳米乳对鲢鱼的麻醉作用强,诱导期短;麻醉最适浓度为20 mg/L,丁香酚纳米乳对鲢鱼的EC50为16.6 mg/L,24 h的LC50为176.2mg/L,治疗指数为10.61。因此,丁香酚纳米乳是一种高效、安全的鲢鱼麻醉剂。     

层积联合GA3处理对石香薷种子发芽的影响

[目的]研究层积联合赤霉素（GA3）处理对石香薷种子萌发的影响,为石香薷的大规模人工栽培奠定基础。[方法]将石香薷种子分别在5~10℃变温和15、20℃温度下用河沙、木屑及滤纸作基质层积,分别浸泡在400、600、800 mg/L的GA3中18、24、30 h,置于25℃种子发芽箱中发芽。[结果]发芽温度为25℃,在5~10℃变温下用河沙层积处理后用800 mg/LGA3浸泡石香薷种子30 h,种子平均发芽率最高,为96.25%。[结论]层积处理后用GA浸种能明显促进石香薷种子发芽,这为石香薷的大规模人工栽培奠定了基础。     

紫金牛叶杆菌F2对吲哚醌降解条件的研究

[目的]了解紫金牛叶杆菌F2对吲哚醌降解的条件。[方法]研究了温度、溶解氧及不同起始浓度的底物对F2菌株降解吲哚醌的影响。[结果]此菌株能够在25～35℃条件下较快地降解吲哚醌,其中28℃条件下培养24h,对100mg/L的吲哚醌降解率为93.37%±5.78%,32h内达到完全降解;该菌为好氧菌,在溶解氧充足的条件下降解能力较强;此菌株对50～500mg/L的吲哚醌均有很好的降解效果。[结论]紫金牛叶杆菌作为一种生物治理含氮杂环化合物的新型微生物资源具有良好的应用前景。     

Enterobacter sp. LY402在液相体系中好氧降解氯丹的研究

[目的]考察Enterobacter sp. LY402在好氧条件下对氯丹的降解能力。[方法]将多氯联苯高效降解菌株Enterobacter sp. LY402运用到氯丹的好氧降解中,系统考察了LY402在好氧条件下降解过程的影响因素。[结果]在不加入其他碳源的情况下,对1.0 mg/L氯丹混合物的4 d降解率达到94%,对于浓度高达10.0 mg/L氯丹混合物总降解率也能达到61%以上。降解体系的温度和pH值对氯丹的好氧降解率有一定影响,pH值5.0~8.0,温度30~40℃对氯丹的好氧降解有利。[结论]Enterobacter sp. LY402具有很强的好氧降解氯丹的能力。     

丁香油和MS-222对大泷六线鱼幼鱼的麻醉效果

为研究丁香油和MS-222麻醉剂对大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii的麻醉效果,选择体质量为(83.3±7.8)g的大泷六线鱼幼鱼进行试验,根据大泷六线鱼被麻醉和复苏时的行为特征,将整个麻醉过程分为10期,其中麻醉6个时期,复苏4个时期。结果表明:丁香油浓度在50~100 mg/L、MS-222浓度在50~70 mg/L时鱼体均可在3 min内入麻并均可在5 min内复苏;当丁香油浓度≥100 mg/L、MS-222浓度≥70 mg/L时,鱼体在麻醉液中浸浴15 min后部分鱼体出现休克死亡;用丁香油麻醉鱼时,整个麻醉过程中鱼体的呼吸频率呈下降趋势,而用MS-222麻醉鱼时,鱼体在达到4期阶段后呼吸频率明显加快,但仅见鳃盖后缘小幅度张合;鱼体进入深度麻醉以后在空气中暴露时间越长,鱼体复苏所需时间就越长,用丁香油或MS-222麻醉的鱼体可在空气中分别暴露7、5 min。研究表明,丁香油和MS-222均对大泷六线鱼幼鱼有良好的麻醉效果,具有入麻时间短、复苏快的特点,两者均可作为大泷六线鱼理想的麻醉剂。     

回干处理对2种野生禾草种子萌发的影响

[目的]探索不同牧草种子在干旱条件下的萌发能力,为恢复草地植被和补播生产实践提供理论依据。[方法]以野生羊草和无芒雀麦的种子为材料,设置回干时间(1、10、20 d)和回干温度(20、30℃),进行回干处理,用15/25℃变温条件下纸上萌发法测定种子的萌发率及发芽指数。[结果]羊草和无芒雀麦吸水-回干处理后种子萌发率均下降,羊草下降幅度为5%~13%,无芒雀麦下降幅度为5%~10%。回干时间和回干温度对羊草和无芒雀麦的发芽率和发芽指数都有影响,羊草种子能耐长时间的低温回干(20℃,20 d),无芒雀麦种子能耐短时间的高温回干(30℃,1~10 d)。[结论]不同的牧草品种耐回干的能力不同。     

赤霉素处理对西瓜种子发芽率的影响

[目的]研究赤霉素对西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)种子发芽率的影响,为西瓜栽培过程中优质高效育苗提供科学依据。[方法]在恒温30℃条件下,分别用5种不同浓度的赤霉素溶液(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)处理5个西瓜品种(京欣2号、金龙宝、新红宝、金钟冠龙、抗病苏蜜)种子,测定发芽率。[结果]不同西瓜品种的种子所需最适赤霉素溶液浓度不同。用浓度100 mg/L赤霉素对京欣2号种子进行处理发芽率最高,为94.000%;浓度150 mg/L赤霉素对金龙宝来说发芽率最高,为84.667%;浓度50 mg/L赤霉素对新红宝来说发芽率最高,为94.667%;浓度50 mg/L赤霉素对金钟冠龙的发芽率最高,为72.667%;浓度150 mg/L赤霉素对抗病苏蜜的发芽率最高,为81.333%。[结论]使用适宜浓度的赤霉素溶液对西瓜种子进行催芽处理,可以提高西瓜种子的发芽率,但以50～150 mg/L浓度的赤霉素效果较好。