Association of expiratory airway dysfunction with marked obesity in healthy adult dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of obesity on pulmonary function in healthy adult dogs. ANIMALS: 36 Retrievers without cardiopulmonary disease. PROCEDURES: Dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups on the basis of body condition score (1 through 9): nonobese (score, 4.5 to 5.5), moderately obese (score, 6.0 to 6.5), and markedly obese (score, 7.0 to 9.0). Pulmonary function tests performed in conscious dogs included spirometry and measurement of inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance (R(aw)) and specific R(aw) (sR(aw)) during normal breathing and during hyperpnea via head-out whole-body plethysmography. Functional residual capacity (FRC; measured by use of helium dilution), diffusion capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and arterial blood gas variables (PaO(2), PaCO(2), and alveolar-arterial gradient) were assessed. RESULTS: During normal breathing, body condition score did not influence airway function, DLCO, or arterial blood gas variables. During hyperpnea, expiratory sR(aw) was significantly greater in markedly obese dogs than nonobese dogs and R(aw) was significantly greater in markedly obese dogs, compared with nonobese and moderately obese dogs. Although not significantly different, markedly obese dogs had a somewhat lower FRC, compared with other dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, obesity appeared to cause airflow limitation during the expiratory phase of breathing, but this was only evident during hyperpnea. This suggests that flow limitation is dynamic and likely occurs in the distal (rather than proximal) portions of the airways. Further studies are warranted to localize the flow-limited segment and understand whether obesity is linked to exercise intolerance via airway dysfunction in dogs.     

2002年我国兽药监管工作成绩显著

2002年我国兽药监管工作取得了良好成绩。本文对2002年度兽药监管工作的法制化建设、机构与队伍建设，兽药打假、抽检、残留监控，治理“瘦肉精”，推行兽药GMP以及兽用生物制品质量监管等八个方面的工作进行了简要总结回顾。     

Feather pecking in growers: A study with individually marked birds

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether individual birds specialise in feather pecking. Growers were individually marked and reared in groups of 30 or 31 in pens with a slatted floor. At an age of 4 to 6 weeks feather pecking was frequent in all pens. 2. On average 83% of all group members (10 groups, experiment 1) were recorded at least once as initiator of a feather pecking interaction. In each group 2 to 6 individuals feather pecked more than twice as often as the average for the group, and were defined as 'high rate peckers'. They initiated 39% of all recorded feather pecking interactions. 3. Every interaction was classified (with increasing intensity) as pecking, pinching, pulling or plucking. Compared to the others, 'high rate peckers' had more of their feather pecking classified as plucking and less classified as pecking. 4. There was no evidence that particular individuals specialised in pecking at other specific birds, at specific areas of the body or at birds engaged in specific activities. 5. Growers (3 groups, experiment 2) that had just feather pecked engaged in more feather pecking during a subsequent 2-min focal observation than control birds that had not pecked before the start of the observation. 6. It was concluded that feather pecking interactions are clustered in time and that the behaviour is not performed by just a few members of a group. However, some individuals are characterised by relatively high rates and more severe forms of feather pecking.     

Efficacy of primidone in dogs with seizures unresponsive to phenobarbital

Fifteen epileptic dogs had been treated with high dosages of phenobarbital but had not achieved adequate control of their seizures. Their treatment was switched to comparable and higher dosages of primidone. Serum concentrations of phenobarbital were measured in all dogs before and after primidone therapy was initiated, to ensure that the primidone dosage achieved comparable or higher values when derived from primidone. Only one dog experienced improvement in seizure control, indicating that there is no advantage to the use of primidone over the use of phenobarbital for the control of seizures in most dogs.     

接种红色荧光蛋白标记根瘤菌对苜蓿幼苗生长及结瘤能力的影响

将含有红色荧光蛋白(RFP)基因质粒的荧光标记根瘤菌S.LZgn5-rfp2,S.12531-rfp4、S.LH343-rfp3接种于甘农5号和WL343HQ紫花苜蓿,分别测定2个苜蓿品种幼苗的生物量、生长指标、固氮酶活性等指标。结果表明:RFP标记根瘤菌与出发菌相比对苜蓿幼苗生长无显著影响,与不接菌的苜蓿幼苗相比有明显的促生效果,能稳定的在苜蓿幼苗体内表达,并具有与出发菌无差异的促生能力,2个苜蓿品种间也无特异性。     

Osteomyelitis of the scapulohumeral joint associated with Rhodococcus equi and unresponsive to antibiotherapy in a foal

This case report describes the treatment and outcome of a 3.5-month-old lame foal, with a history of pneumonia associated with Rhodococcus equi. Clinical examination identified osteomyelitis of the scapulohumeral joint. The unusual location of the Rhodococcus equi osteomyelitis unresponsive to prevention and adequate treatment led to euthanasia of the patient. Post-mortem findings confirmed bronchopneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi as well as the osteomyelitis of the scapulohumeral joint. This case highlights that Rhodococcus equi should be considered as a pathogen in extrapulmonary locations such as septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in foals with history of bronchopneumonia. Early and aggressive treatment should be considered.     

A case of angiokeratoma

Angiokeratoma is described by various authors as a rare variant of the hemangioma in the dog, characterized by a vascular component, like all types of vascular neoplasms, but also by an epithelial component. A case of angiokeratoma is described in a male 8-year-old dog. The tumor was located in heavily pigmented skin on the anterior surface of the front limb and not in the more usual previously described locations, eyelid and conjunctiva. Microscopic examination revealed a well-circumscribed mass with irregular hyperplasia of the epidermis and dilated vascular spaces filled with blood in the superficial dermis.     

一例盲肠肝炎感染的诊治

一选择最适宜的给药方法在给家禽投药前,首先要根据用药的目的、病情缓急及药物本身的性质来确定最适宜的给药方法。如预防用药,一般是拌料或饮水等,这样可省工省时;如个别治疗用药,一般是口服、注射,这样做可使用药的剂量准确、效果确实。一般的抗球虫药及抗组织滴虫药,只有在一定时间内连续使用才有效,因此多采用拌料给药。抗生素用于促进生长及控制某些传染病时,也可混于其中给药。     

接种荧光标记根瘤菌对苜蓿幼苗生长的影响

将含有cfp(cyan fluorescent protein)基因质粒的荧光标记根瘤菌S.LZgn5-cfp6、S.LZgn5-cfp16、S.LZgn5-cfp28,S.12531-cfp2、S.12531-cfp13、S.12531-cfp26、S.LH3436-cfp1、S.LH3436-cfp2、S.LH3436-cfp6接种于甘农5号紫花苜蓿,测定苜蓿幼苗生物量、单株结瘤数、固氮酶活性等,结果表明:荧光标记根瘤菌可有效促进植株生长和生物量的积累,有明显促生效果;与出发菌相比,荧光标记根瘤菌未对苜蓿幼苗产生显著的不良影响,能在植物体内稳定表达,具有与出发菌株相近的促生能力。     

猪A组轮状病毒Vp4基因与乳酸菌双标记表达载体的重组及其原核表达

用Sal Ⅰ和Kpn Ⅰ双酶切克隆质粒pGEM-T-Vp4和(以胸苷酸合成酶基因(thymidylate synthase,thyA)及红霉素基因(Erythromycin)为选择压力的双标记的可以在乳酸菌与大肠杆菌之间穿梭表达的)质粒载体pW425et,并将纯化回收的Vp4基因亚克隆至表达载体pW425et中,构建出可以在乳酸菌与大肠杆菌之间穿梭表达的原核表达重组质粒pW425et-VpC,并将pW425et-Vp4分别转化至thyA基因缺陷型的大肠杆菌感受态E.coli X13和乳酸杆菌感受态中,经生长功能弥补筛选阳性克隆,SDS-PAGE分析,可见约87 ku的融合蛋白.Western-blot分析结果表明,该蛋白具有与轮状病毒多克隆抗体的反应原性.     

猪A组轮状病毒Vp4基因与乳酸菌双标记表达载体的重组及其原核表达

用Sal I和Kpn I双酶切克隆质粒pGEM-T-Vp4和(以胸苷酸合成酶基因(thvmidvlatesynthase,thyA)及红霉素基因(Erythromycin)为选择压力的双标记的可以在乳酸茵与大肠杆菌之间穿梭表达的)质粒载体pW425et,并将纯化回收的Vp4基因亚克隆至表达载体pW425et中,构建出可以在乳酸茵与大肠杆菌之间穿梭表达的原核表达重组质粒pW425et-Vp4,并将pW425et-VP4分别转化至thyA基因缺陷型的大肠杆菌感受态E.coli X13和乳酸杆菌感受态中,经生长功能弥补筛选阳性克隆,SDS-PAGE分析,可见约87 ku的融合蛋白.Western-blot分析结果表明,该蛋白具有与轮状病毒多克隆抗体的反应原性.     

Conventional and marked BHV-1 vaccines in Germany: a brief review

Since 1997 infections of cattle with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) are regulated by the German government with obligatory measures. Eradication of the virus is based on two different concepts: German federal states with a low BHV-1-seroprevalence comply with a selection concept, that provides deletion of BHV-1-positive cattle and only exceptional vaccination. States with a high BHV-1-prevalence attempt to eradicate the virus using the marker concept. The marker concept is based on the vaccination with glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines and the accompanying serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. This review deals with both, conventional and marked BHV-1 vaccines, that are commercially available in Germany. Efficacy and safety of different inactivated vaccines and modified live vaccines have been evaluated in detail in several international experimental studies and field trials. Results of these studies are briefly reviewed and discussed in this article.     

犬肥胖的原因及危害

瘦身一一现代社会的一个时尚话题，犬肥胖也是一件值得人们关注的事情。在中国，由于人们审美观的不同，对于犬的肥胖程度要求也不同，很多人都喜欢自己的犬“胖胖”，以为这样才能体现自己的饲养水平。来自美国的调查数据显示：世界上有34％的犬超重，但只有30％左右的犬主人注意到这一现象。笔者通过分析犬肥胖的原因及危害来提醒所有养犬的朋友：重视犬肥胖，提高犬的生活质量．     

雏鹅痛风病的诊断

为了探究江苏某鹅场患痛风病鹅的发病原因,笔者采集患病雏鹅病料进行了实验室检测及病原的分离鉴定,发现病鹅为星状病毒感染,结合流行病学、临床症状、剖检病理变化等,最终确诊导致痛风病的病原为鹅星状病毒,分析了病因并提出了防控措施。