高海拔条件下锌硒对猪繁殖性能的影响

通过对基础妊娠母猪，生长发育后备公母猪及哺乳仔猪日粮添加不同剂量的锌、硒，经试验组和对照组比较，基础妊娠母猪的产仔能力有显著的提高，断奶后再发情率和受胎率提高，断奶及发情时间缩短。生长发育后备母猪初次发情时间提前，初情期体重明显增加，产仔性能显著提高。生长发育后备公猪采精时间提前，睾丸发育迅速，射精量、精子活率和精子数量显著提高，精子畸形率降低。哺乳仔猪抗病力增强，成活率和平均断奶个体重明显提高。实验结果表明，锌、硒对基础母猪，后备母猪的繁殖与生长发育及哺乳仔猪的生长发育均起着十分重要的促进作用。     

慢性氟中毒鸡精子质量测定研究

为探明慢性氟中毒对鸡精子质量的影响,本研究采用饮水染氟方法,人工复制公鸡慢性氟中毒模型,在染氟第三十、五十和七十天分别进行人工采精,测定精子密度、精子活力和精子畸形率。结果表明,慢性氟中毒可导致鸡精子密度和精子活力降低明显,精子畸形率明显升高。对照组精子密度、精子活力和精子畸形率在不同试验时间没有明显差异。而试验组精子密度第五十天和第七十天明显低于第三十天,但第五十天与第七十天无统计学差异;精子活力第七十天也明显低于第三十天,但第三十天与第五十天、第五十天与第七十天之间无统计学差异;试验组精子畸形率不同测定时间都无统计学差异。说明鸡慢性氟中毒呈现一种特定的时间-效应关系,而且精子畸形率可以相对独立的表现鸡对氟的慢性毒性。     

慢性氟中毒鸡精子质量测定研究

为探明慢性氟中毒对鸡精子质量的影响，本研究采用饮水染氟方法．人工复制公鸡慢性氟中毒模型．在染氟第三十、五十和七十天分别进行人工采精．测定精子密度、精子活力和精子畸形率。结果表明．慢性氟中毒可导致鸡精子密度和精子活力降低明显，精子畸形率明显升高。对照组精子密度、精子活力和精子畸形率在不同试验时间没有明显差异。而试验组精子密度第五十天和第七十天明显低于第三十天，但第五十天与第七十天无统计学差异；精子活力第七十天也明显低于第三十天，但第三十天与第五十天、第五十天与第七十天之间无统计学差异；试验组精子畸形率不同测定时间都无统计学差异。说明鸡慢性氟中毒呈现一种特定的时间-效应关系．而且精子畸形率可以相对独立的表现鸡对氟的慢性毒性。     

睡眠干扰对雄性KM小鼠生殖健康的影响

研究通过间隙性闹铃方式对雄性KM小鼠进行睡眠干扰,探讨其对生殖健康的影响。试验选取雄性KM小鼠(20日龄,n=40),随机分为试验组和对照组,其中试验组小鼠施以间隔20min闹铃干扰1次、持续时间1min,对照组则不做任何处理。80日龄后,通过测定比较脏器系数、附睾精子活率、精子密度、畸形率,以及低渗肿胀实验,评定分析生殖生育力情况。结果显示:睡眠干扰对肾脏、睾丸脏器系数的影响不明显(P>0.05),但致附睾脏器系数明显下降(P<0.05);睡眠干扰还造成精子畸形率显著增高(P<0.05)、精子质膜完整率极显著下降(P<0.01),但对精子数量和活率影响不明显(P>0.05)。     

杜泊绵羊细管冻精制备及其人工授精技术

本试验采用4种不同冷冻稀释液制备杜泊绵羊细管冻精,A组做为对照组,为生产中应用的配方。在4组稀释液中,解冻后精子活率以B组解冻后精子活率最高,与其它3组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),将B组稀释液细管冻精用于人工授精,妊娠率达到62%。     

补饲燕麦草对6月龄水牛犊牛腹泻的影响

本试验旨在研究不同燕麦草补饲水平对6月龄水牛犊牛腹泻的影响。结果表明:试验组对6月龄犊牛腹泻率和腹泻频率有显著影响,对照组犊牛的腹泻率高于试验组(P0.05),而试验组无显著差异;从腹泻频率看,对照组犊牛的腹泻频率高于试验组(P0.05),而试验组无显著差异(P0.05),犊牛的粪便指数均无显著差异(P0.05)。随着燕麦干草含量的增加,犊牛腹泻率、腹泻频率及粪便指数有所降低。综上所述,适当地补饲燕麦干草,有利于提高犊牛生长发育和改善犊牛腹泻情况。     

好利得—RU在肉种鸡生产中的应用效果观察

8400套44周龄产蛋率为78％的笼养肉种鸡均分为试验、对照二组,试验组按照0.025％的用量在饲料中添加好利得—RU,对照组只喂基础日粮,试验2周后,试验组产蛋率开始高于对照组,到56周龄时,二者相差5％,差异显著（P＜0．01）;试验组种蛋受特率高于对照组3.5％,入孵种蛋出鸡率高4.3％,差异显著（P＜0.01）。     

人工孵化与自然孵化的肉鸽出雏率对比试验报告

选择4d内所生的同一鸽舍的200个鸽蛋,随机分为两组,每组100个鸽蛋;试验组机孵,对照组自孵;结果表明,试验组与对照组相比可减少死胚率24.78%、破蛋率23%,提高受精蛋出雏率23.2%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

水牛冷冻精液稀释液中添加SOD、GSH对精子品质的影响

目的分析水牛冷冻精液稀释液中添加SOD、GSH对精子品质的影响,方法于广西畜禽品种改良站中选取摩拉水牛的新鲜精液进行分析研究,并且随机将其分为A组、B组、C组、D组,A组为正常水牛精液,B组添加300IU/mL SOD,C组添加1.0mM GSH,D组添加300IU/mL SOD与1.0mM GSH,对比各组影响结果。结果在不同氧化剂对精子影响方面上,4组的顶体完整率无显著差异,在精子解冻后不同时间段内,B组C组D组精子活率显著优于A组,D组精子活率显著优于B组C组,组间对比差异显著(P0.05)。在抗氧化剂组合对体外受精结果上,D组的精子分裂率、囊胚孵化率与囊胚率显著优于A组,组间对比差异显著(P0.05)。结论在水牛精子中添加SOD与GSH可以良好的延缓精子死亡时间,效果显著。     

限制饲养对肉鸭生产性能和屠体品质的影响

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭200只，随机分为两组，1个试验组，1个对照组，每组2个重复，每个重复50只。对照组1～6周自由采食，试验组1～3周自由采食，4～6周采用限制饲养（限量）。试验结果表明：6周龄时，试验组的饲料转化率比对照组提高了12．9％，差异显著（P＜0．05），但日增重降低了9．13％，差异不显著（P＞0．05）；腹脂率降低34．2％，差异极显著（P＜0．01）；皮脂率降低15．1％，差异显著（P＜0．05）；瘦肉率提高了11．9％，差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

中草药饲料添加剂“三黄散”对肉鸭生产性能的影响

为评定中草药饲料添加剂"三黄散"对肉鸭生产性能的影响,本研究选用1日龄肉鸭90只,随机分成2组,每组设3个重复,每重复15只。第一组为对照组,饲喂全价料;第二组为试验组,全价料+1%中草药饲料添加剂"三黄散"。饲养期为56d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组日增重效果差异不显著(P>0.05),饲料转化率差异不显著(P>0.05),成活率提高2.3%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

水体pH对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕壳生长及其相关基因表达的影响

为了解养殖水体p H值对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蜕壳生长及其相关基因表达的影响,在试验室水槽条件下,设定p H=7、8、9、10(均无水草)为实验组,以种植适量水草(p H值为8.2~9.1)为对照组,研究中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(均重0.43 g±0.09 g)在不同p H值水体中饲养一个蜕壳周期(37 d)的蜕壳生长及其相关基因(蜕皮抑制激素MIH,蜕皮激素受体EcR,维甲类X受体RXR,胰岛素样生长因子IGF2)表达情况。结果显示,对照组河蟹的成活率和增重率均显著高于实验组,其中,p H10的河蟹成活率和增重率最低。荧光定量PCR检测显示,MIH、EcR和RXR基因在不同p H水体的表达存在显著差异,IGF2基因在不同p H水体中的表达无显著差异;不同p H水体幼蟹的增重率与成活率之间存在显著正相关,EcR、RXR与IGF2基因相互间的表达量存在显著正相关,表明这三个基因的表达具有协同作用。通过对成活率、增重率和基因表达的综合分析认为幼蟹生长的最适p H为8~9。     

不同转食策略对胭脂鱼仔鱼和稚鱼生长及存活率的影响

为研究不同转食策略对胭脂鱼仔鱼和稚鱼生长和存活率的影响,实验采用2种转食策略投喂初始体质量为(9.50±0.84)mg的胭脂鱼仔鱼到其60 dph(days post hatching),(1)按转食起始点不同分为3组,转食起始点分别为15dph(W15)、20 dph(W20)和25 dph(W25),结果显示:3个组的存活率均达8 0%以上,W20组存活率最高,为91.21%±1.93%,但差异不显著;各组特定生长率(SGR)整体呈下降趋势,全部转食饲料到实验结束即35~60 dph时间段内,W20和W25的SGR显著高于W15,且这2组差异不显著;W25的全长和体质量最高,W15最低且显著低于另外2组;W20和W25的体质量差异不显著;(2)在20 dph开始转食,按转食过渡时间长短不同分为3组,分别是转食过渡时间为5 d(W20-1)、10 d(W20-2)和15 d(W20-3),结果显示:W20-2和W20-3的存活率不存在显著性差异,分别为95.73%±0.60%和91.21%±1.93%,显著高于W20-1;各组SGR整体呈下降趋势,全部转食饲料到实验结束即35~60 dph时间段内,W20-2和W20-3的SGR显著高于W20-1,且这2组差异不显著;W20-3全长和体质量均显著高于其他2组。以上结果表明,延后转食时间起始点和延长转食过渡时间,其转食后的SGR、全长和体质量有增大趋势,但在不显著影响鱼苗生长和存活的前提下,应尽量缩短生物饵料投入的时间,降低养殖成本。因此本研究中,转食起始点为20 dph,转食过渡时间为10 d是最适宜胭脂鱼仔鱼的转食策略。     

Effect of vitamin E on spermatophore regeneration and quality of pond‐reared,black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of vitamin E in feed on the spermatophore regeneration and quality of male Penaeus monodon. The experiment was carried out with the four following treatments: the basal diet no added vitamin E, the diet added 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/kg respectively. Spermatophore regeneration and quality were evaluated by spermatophore weight, sperm count and spermatophore absence rates, which male P. monodon were extruded spermatophore for feeding 20 and 40 days. In the experiment, the weight of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group. The weight of the first regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 1,000 mg/kg group was the highest and significantly higher than the control group (p < .05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups with different levels of vitamin E. The weight of the second regenerated spermatophore with the addition of 600 mg/kg group was the highest, followed by 1,000 mg/kg group, both of which were higher than the control group and the addition of 200 mg/kg group. Within the same group, the regeneration spermatophore weight showed overall upward trend as the feeding time, twice regenerate experiment spermatophore weight with added to the vitamin E groups were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but three spermatophore weight of male shrimp at the control group had no significant difference. The sperm quantity and the percentage of normal sperm of the twice regenerated spermatophore of the males with added to the vitamin E group was higher than that of the untreated control group, and those of the addition of 200 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that of control group (p < .05). The total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp in the experimental group decreased with the increase of vitamin E in the feed. Within the same group, the total number of sperm and the percentage of living sperm of male shrimp with added to the vitamin E groups showed overall upward trend as the feeding time and were significantly higher than the initial value (p < .05), but the control group was slightly down and had no significant difference. Comprehensive sperm weight, sperm quantity and living sperm percentage of three indicators, that adding 200 mg/kg of vitamin E in feed could effectively promote the spermatophore regeneration in the male P. monodon and improve the sperm quantity. The experimental results provide a scientific basis for the breeding of P. monodon.     

Pre-spawning water temperature affects sperm respiration and reactivation parameters in male carps

Concentration, ability to motility, motility during the second activation (reactivation), and endogenous respiration were studied in sperm from two experimental groups of carp males. Group 1 was maintained for 7 days at 15°C (cold water (CW) group), whereas the second group was subjected to a temperature of 20°C (warm water (WW) group) before sperm sampling. Reactivation were achieved after incubation of firstly activated sperm in media with osmotic pressure adjusted up to 300 mOsm*kg⁻¹ by increasing K⁺ concentration. Statistically significant reduction of spermatozoa concentration in CW samples versus WW (from 46.0 ± 12.5 (15°C) to 59.3 ± 7 10⁹ (20°C) spermatozoa /ml) have been observed. The sperm of the CW group required a significantly longer incubation time (37 min) under isotonic conditions to achieve a maximum percentage of potent motility at repeated activation than the WW group (23 min). After activation of sperm motility, an increase of respiration rate up to maximum level has been found, this level remained the same under condition of recovering the potential to repeated activation. During the sperm movement respiration rate, in CW group (6.1 nmolO₂/min/10⁹spermatozoa) and WW (3.9 nmolO₂/min/10⁹spermatozoa), was significant higher compared to nonactivated sperm (2.4 nmolO₂/min/10⁹spermatozoa for CW and 1.1 nmolO₂ /min/10⁹spermatozoa for WW). And keeping males for 7 days at 15°C increase the respiration rate of sperm.     

低盐胁迫对刺参存活、摄食和生长的影响

采用实验生态学的方法设置包括自然海水在内的4个盐度组,分别为31(自然海水,对照组A)、26(B组)、22(C组)、18(D组)。按逐步降盐(DG)与盐度突变(DS)两种盐度变化模式对各组刺参进行盐度胁迫实验。结果表明,B组仅个别较小个体出现死亡现象,C组和D组刺参个体的DG与DS实验组的成活率均出现显著差异(P<0.05),DS-D组的成活率最低,仅为45.67%。不同盐度胁迫的各实验组之间,摄食率与食物转化率存在显著差异(P<0.05);而各实验组内,DG处理和DS处理的刺参个体的FR和FCR差异均未见显著(P>0.05)。B组内的两种降盐方式在降盐后的前10d生长有显著差异(P<0.05),之后20d内差异不显著(P>0.05)。C组和D组的刺参个体在实验中均出现体重负增长,与其余各组的SGR差异显著(P<0.05)。     

贝龄对马氏珠母贝植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状的影响

以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)速长系F2为材料,分析了贝龄对植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状影响。实验设2.0龄贝植核组(A)、2.0龄贝对照组(B),1.5龄贝植核组(C)和1.5龄贝对照组(D),按照常规技术进行插核手术与海区养殖,育珠期为450 d。在插核后第15、30、60、180、270和450天,比较各组的平均体质量和成活率差异;在插核后270 d和450 d,比较A和C组留核率、珍珠层厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量的差异。结果表明,在插核后第15、30、60、180和270和450天,4个组的平均体质量和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),C和D组的成活率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05),C和D组的体质量日增长率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05)。在插核后第270天,A和C组的留核率、珍珠层厚度和珍珠产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),A和C组间优质珠率差异不显著(P>0.05);在插核后第450天,C组留核率、珍珠厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量均显著大于A组(P<0.05)。结论认为,利用低龄贝进行插核育珠明显提高植核贝的留核率、成活率和珍珠层厚度,从而能够提高珍珠质量。本研究旨在为合理设计马氏珠母贝的养殖模式提供科学依据。     

Improved Cryopreservation of Sperm of Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)

Experiments were performed to improve protocols for sperm cryopreservation of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), a species for which there has been limited study. The first experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two extenders (modified Tsvetkova’s extender: mT and modified Hanks’ balanced salt solution: mHBSS) in combination with methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide in two concentrations (5 and 10%) on the postthaw motility and fertilization rates of cryopreserved sperm. The highest postthaw motility (85 ± 5%) was observed when sperm were frozen using mT extender with 10% MeOH as cryoprotectant. Extenders (P = 0.0018) and cryoprotectants (P = 0.0040) each had a significant effect on the postthaw motility of paddlefish sperm. The highest fertilization (80 ± 3%) was found when eggs were fertilized with sperm frozen with mT extender in combination with 10% MeOH. However, there was no significant difference among fertilization rates when MeOH was used as a cryoprotectant in either concentration or in combination with either mT or mHBSS extenders. In the second experiment, 4000 eggs were fertilized with the pooled contents of five straws of thawed sperm (total volume of 1.25 mL) using mT extender in combination with 5% MeOH, and hatch rates as high as 79 ± 5% were observed. A third experiment was also conducted to clarify the role of MeOH concentration; however, no significant difference was found among fertilization and hatch rates when either 5 or 10% MeOH was used as a cryoprotectant. These results suggest that MeOH is a safe and reliable cryoprotectant for freezing of paddlefish sperm and obtaining viable postthaw sperm for consistent fertilization and hatch rates. Further, this experimental protocol is relatively simple and applicable for commercial hatchery production of paddlefish.