共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
田间条件下控制玉米开花前后根系性状的QTL定位 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在田间原位条件下,利用根系形态差异显著的自交系掖478和武312为亲本构建的BC4F3群体,采用改进的PLABQTL软件中的复合区间作图法对抽雄期(开花前10 d)和灌浆初期(开花后15 d)玉米根系性状的变化和地上部生物量进行QTL定位。并分析其遗传机制。结果表明,花前花后对根干重、总根长、侧根长、轴根长、轴根数等根系性状共检测出27个QTL,单个QTL贡献率为52%157%,其中在染色体臂602和1004区域同时检测到控制着地上部生物量、总根长、侧根长和轴根数等性状的QTLs,两个不同生育时期检测到的共同QTL共有8个。玉米花前花后控制根系生长的QTL因生长发育阶段不同而存在着特异性,而且对地上部生物量形成有重要贡献,这为了解田间条件下根系的生长发育和进一步进行遗传改良奠定了遗传基础。 相似文献
2.
玉米根系对局部氮磷供应响应的基因型差异 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
3.
局部水分胁迫对玉米根系生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用分根法进行玉米水培试验, 研究局部水分胁迫对玉米根系生长的影响。设4个水分胁迫水平: CK, 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.6 MPa, 在整个根系经受一定的水分胁迫之后对部分根系复水处理, 测定局部供应后 0 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d等不同时期各部分根系的面积、长度及干重。结果表明, 各胁迫程度均表现为, 与对照相比, 复水侧根区的根系面积、根长与根干重出现了明显增长, 且始终显著大于持续胁迫侧根区, 且随处理时间延长更加明显。不同胁迫程度下复水侧玉米根系的增长幅度不同。水分胁迫预处理后, 0.2 MPa水平下, 复水侧根区根系的面积、长度与干重以及整个根区总根长、总面积均可以达到甚至高于对照水平, 其他处理均显著低于对照。轻度胁迫后复水的根区根系产生明显的补偿效应。适度胁迫后复水有利于作物根系总面积增长, 但对总根长、根干重无显著影响。根系补偿效应与胁迫强度及复水的时间有关。 相似文献
4.
为了阐明小麦苗期耐低氮、低磷胁迫的生物学响应特征,以矮抗58品种为试验材料,采用水培试验法研究了小麦在不同营养环境中(全营养、低氮胁迫、低磷胁迫)的地上部生物学特性(地上部干重、株高、叶面积)、根系形态学特性(最大根长、总根数、根系总长度、根系干重和根冠比)和根系生理特性(根系活力、根系吸收面积),以及小麦苗期氮、磷素吸收与根系形态之间的关系。结果表明,在低氮和低磷胁迫下,小麦的株高、叶面积、茎叶干重、含氮量、根系干重、总根长、总根数及根冠比均明显降低,其中低磷胁迫下根系干重、总根长及根冠比的下降幅度大于低氮胁迫,低氮下最大根长的增加幅度较低磷增加7.3%;在低磷条件下小麦的含氮量下降了57.7%。低氮、低磷胁迫下小麦根系的总吸收面积、活性吸收面积及根系活力均明显降低;正常条件下的小麦氮、磷素吸收量与根系形态指标之间相关性较差,在低氮和低磷条件下小麦的氮、磷吸收量与根系干重、总根长、总吸收面积、活性吸收面积及根系活力呈极显著正相关。总之,该小麦品种根系对低磷环境反应较为敏感,而对低氮胁迫具有较好的适应性,小麦通过改变根系形态增加对低氮、磷胁迫的适应。 相似文献
5.
玉米苗期根系生长与耐低磷的关系 总被引:20,自引:5,他引:20
在田间筛选试验的基础上,利用两个磷高效(181和186)、两个磷低效(153和197)玉米自交系,进一步研究了这些自交系苗期耐低磷能力差异及其与根系生长的关系。结果表明,在低磷胁迫(P.5.78.mg/kg)下,所有自交系玉米地上部重量、初生根重、次生根重及磷累积量降低,但磷高效自交系181和186受影响程度显著小于153和197。在试验所处的玉米生育时期(6叶龄),磷对所用自交系的初生根及次生根数量没有影响。比较181和197的根系形态,在低磷胁迫下,磷低效自交系197的初生根侧根长、轴根长均显著下降,磷高效自交系181则下降幅度很小。而且,低磷使181初生根的侧根/轴根比值、根长度/根重比值较高。说明低磷胁迫下,181自交系可以将根中的有限的养分及干物质作更合理的分配,促进细根的生长,从而获得较长的根系。 相似文献
6.
低铁胁迫对玉米苗期根系生长和铁素吸收利用的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了揭示不同耐低铁玉米品种苗期根系生长和铁素吸收利用的差异,为玉米耐低铁能力的遗传改良提供依据,以耐低铁玉米品种‘正红2号’和不耐低铁玉米品种‘川单418’为材料,采用重度[10μmol(Fe~(3+))·L~(-1)]、中度[30μmol(Fe~(3+))·L~(-1)]和轻度[50μmol(Fe~(3+))·L~(-1)]3种低铁胁迫及对照[100μmol(Fe~(3+))·L~(-1)]的铁营养液处理3叶1心玉米幼苗,分析低铁胁迫对不同耐低铁玉米品种苗期根系生长和铁素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,随着营养液铁浓度降低,两个玉米品种幼苗的根长、根体积、根系活力、干物质、铁含量、铁积累量、相对吸铁能力均显著降低,但根系麦根酸分泌量增多,铁素向地上部转移分配能力增强,铁素的生理效率提高,这是玉米适应低铁胁迫的重要生理机制之一。玉米幼苗的铁素积累量与根长、根体积、根干重、根系活力等根系性状均呈极显著或显著正相关。耐低铁玉米品种在中度和重度低铁胁迫下根长、根体积、根干重、根系活力均较不耐低铁玉米品种高,是其铁素吸收积累量高的重要原因。根系麦根酸分泌量与铁素茎叶分配率呈正相关,铁素茎叶分配率与铁素生理效率呈极显著正相关,增加根系麦根酸的分泌量可在一定程度上提高玉米铁素的茎叶分配率,从而提高铁素生理效率;耐低铁玉米品种在中度和重度低铁胁迫下麦根酸分泌量增幅高于不耐低铁玉米品种,是其铁素生理效率高的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
低氮胁迫下玉米幼苗氮素和蔗糖分配特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
8.
不同糜子品种对低氮胁迫的生物学响应 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
采用溶液培养的方法,研究了低氮胁迫下不同糜子品种苗期生物学性状、 氮素吸收利用效率差异及与根系形态生理指标之间的相关关系。 结果表明, 低氮胁迫下,糜子地上部生长受抑程度大于根部,植株氮累积量降低但氮利用效率明显提高。晋黍7号株高、 叶面积、 茎叶干重、 根干重、 总根数、 总吸收面积和活性吸收面积下降幅度在所测试品种中均最小, 其总氮累积量分别是晋黍1号、 晋黍5号、 晋黍8号的1.35、 1.50、 1.39倍,根系氮累积量/总氮量的百分率增加的幅度和地上部氮累积量/总氮量的百分率下降的幅度均最低,分别为9.75% 和 3.47%; 植株氮利用效率比晋黍1号、 晋黍5号、 晋黍8号分别高20.92%、 12.44%、 14.83%。晋黍7号较其他品种更耐低氮胁迫。低氮胁迫下,糜子根系干重、 总根长、 总吸收面积与总氮累积量呈显著线性相关,表明低氮胁迫下,根系形态生理指标对氮素吸收效率起重要作用。 相似文献
9.
氮对不同基因型玉米根系形态变化的影响研究 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
选用对N反应有典型差异的玉米自交系“478”、“CA170”研究其根系生长和形态对N水平反应的动态变化结果表明,随培养时间的延长,玉米地上部生物量随N水平的提高而增加,且2个N水平下“478”均高于“CA170”。低N水平下“478”根系生物量显著大于“CA170”,高N水平下二者根系干物质量的基因型差异减小。低N有利于根系纵向伸长,表现为总根长、平均根长显著增加,且“478”总根长、平均根长及侧根密度均大于“CA170”,但生长初期(7d)时这种基因型变化差异并不显著。高N有利于根系横向伸展,表现为1级侧根密度的增加,而平均根长缩短,2个基因型平均根长无显著差异。在N素胁迫下“478”较大的根系优势有利于其高效吸收N素。 相似文献
10.
通过旱棚盆栽试验,以4个抗旱性不同的白菜型冬油菜品种陇油6号、陇油7号、天油2号、天油4号为材料,用人工控制浇水的方法模拟干旱环境,测定干旱胁迫对其生理生化指标、主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,4个油菜品种的幼苗叶片叶绿素质量浓度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,相对电导率增大,根系的主根长、侧根数、根系干重、根冠比上升,根系活力下降。干旱胁迫后,抗旱性强的冬油菜品种陇油7号主根长,侧根数多,根干重较重,根冠比大,根系活力稳定;弱抗旱冬油菜品种天油2号主根较短,侧根数少,根干重轻,根冠比小,根系活力变化幅度较大;中抗旱冬油菜品种陇油6号、天油4号各指标居于陇油7号和天油2号之间。 相似文献
11.
不同氮水平下玉米苗期根系形态和氮吸收量的 QTL 定位 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
12.
Ai Zhan Jianliang Liu Shanchao Yue Xinping Chen Shiqing Li Alexander Bucksch 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):751-762
Root architecture and anatomy are important determinants of nitrogen (N) and water acquisition, but they are also environmentally plastic to adapt to N and water availability. Therefore, understanding the relationship between root traits and environmental factors is essential for improving N and water acquisition. A field experiment was conducted in the semi‐arid region of the Loess Plateau in northwestern China to quantify the architectural and anatomical root traits of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to plastic film mulching and N fertilization. We compared four treatments: non‐mulching with and without N supply as well as plastic film mulching with and without N supply. Variation existed for all root architecture and anatomy traits within maize root crowns. Crown and brace root angles to the soil line decreased in response to film mulching and N fertilization. Crown roots under plastic film mulching showed a significantly decreased distance to branching, reduced lateral root length, and overall increased root diameter. Similarly, N application significantly decreased the distance to branching, yet induced more compact and denser crown roots, and increased the root diameter. Brace roots exhibited an increased distance to branching, greater lateral root length and density, as well as a larger root diameter in response to plastic film mulching and N fertilization. Additionally, the accumulated number of nodal roots increased greatly under plastic film mulching and N treatments. At the anatomical level, N application reduced the proportion of the root cortical aerenchyma area. In contrast, aerenchyma area, cortex cell size, and late metaxylem vessel diameter were increased as a result of plastic film mulching. These results demonstrate root architectural and anatomical traits respond to mulching practices and N fertilization. 相似文献
13.
Fanjun Chen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(6):565-569
Abstract Inadequate supply of nitrogen (N) fertilizers results in lower N use efficiency (NUE) and higher N losses which cause environmental deterioration, such as nitrate pollution of groundwater and emission of nitrous greenhouse gases. One way to increase NUE is to use N-efficient cultivars, which grow better under reduced N supplies. Both elite inbred lines and landraces are the basis for hybrid breeding in maize. While inbred lines are mostly selected from high N input conditions, landraces are historically distributed in poor soils with low N availability. Therefore, some potential NUE-related traits conserved in the landraces may have been lost during modern breeding processes. In the present study, the N accumulation and utilization efficiency of 15 elite inbred lines and four landraces of maize were compared at low (LN) and high N (HN) input conditions. In general, the grain yields of the inbred lines and the landraces were similar at both N rates. However, nitrogen accumulation ability in landraces was much higher than that of the inbred lines. The high N accumulation of landraces was closely related to their higher biomass, indicating that growth potential is the main driving force for N accumulation. Nevertheless, N utilization efficiency (grain produced per unit N absorbed) of the landraces was significantly lower than that in inbred lines. Correspondingly, assimilation allocation for grain formation, as indicated by the harvest index, was much lower in landraces than in inbred lines. The higher growth potential, and hence, the ability of N accumulation in landraces may be a valuable trait in breeding programs aiming to further improve N use efficiency. 相似文献
14.
Fei Zhang Peng Wang Ying-Ning Zou Kamil Kuča 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(9):1316-1330
A pot experiment was used to evaluate the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth performance, root-hair growth, and root hormone levels in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). A 9-week mild DS treatment significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization of 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots. Root mycorrhizal colonization was relatively higher in the 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots than in the taproot and the 1st-order lateral root under WW and DS. AMF seedlings exhibited significantly higher root-hair density, length (except for the taproot) and diameter in taproot and 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order lateral roots under WW, and considerably higher root-hair density (except for 1st-order lateral root), length (except for 2nd-order lateral root) and diameter under DS. Mycorrhizal inoculation remarkably increased root abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate, and brassinosteroids (BRs) concentrations under DS, in company with the decrease in root zeatin riboside and gibberellins levels and root IAA effluxes. Root-hair traits were significantly positively correlated with root colonization and root ABA and BRs levels. It is concluded that mycorrhizal plants possessed better root-hair growth to adapt mild DS, which is associated with mycorrhizal colonization and endogenous hormone changes. 相似文献
15.
16.
[目的]研究不同氮敏感基因型的植物生长与根性状之间的关系及其对氮环境变化的响应,能够从根性状变化的角度来揭示植物对环境变化的适应性,从而有助于水稻育苗基因型的选育.[方法]在宁夏引黄灌区,采用双因素(水稻基因型×氮水平)随机区组设计田间试验,选取12个水稻基因型(高氮敏感基因型和低氮敏感基因型各6个)作为供试材料,设置... 相似文献
17.
Juan M. Herrera Christos Noulas Boy Feil Peter Stamp Markus Liedgens 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(4):561-571
The nitrogen (N) fertilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important for stable and high grain yield. However, the effect of N on root growth and survivorship is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of varying N availability on the growth and survivorship of roots and (2) to determine whether genotypic variation in N‐related traits are linked to root growth and survivorship. In a two‐year study, two spring wheat cultivars (Albis and Toronit) and an experimental line (L94491) were grown under low (20 kg N ha–1) and high N supply (270 kg N ha–1) in lysimeters equipped with minirhizotrons. The genotypes showed significant differences in N‐related traits: total shoot N content, grain N yield, N harvest index, and rate of decline in flag‐leaf greenness. However, there were relatively weak and inconsistent genotypic effects on the time course of root density, root growth during grain filling, and root survivorship. The level of N supply was the factor that most influenced the establishment, growth, and survivorship of roots; the high N supply, depending on the year and genotype, increased growth and survivorship of roots from 0% to 68% and 24% to 34%, respectively. 相似文献
18.
低氮胁迫对不同光皮桦基因型苗期生长及生理生化特征的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探讨低氮胁迫对不同基因型光皮桦(Betula luminifera)生长及生理生化响应特性,本研究采用裂区设计,以光皮桦G49-3、G50-1和优3组培苗为材料,通过水培培养研究其在正常供氮(CK,15 mmol·L-1 NO3-)和低氮胁迫(LN,0.03 mmol·L-1 NO3-)条件下的苗期生长及生理生化响应。结果表明,低氮胁迫处理21 d后,3个光皮桦基因型的叶绿素含量、株高、地上部干重、地上氮含量和氮积累量均显著降低,其中G49-3降幅最大,G50-1降幅最小;3个光皮桦基因型根冠比、根系总根长、总表面积和平均直径均增加;叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性降低,G50-1降幅最低。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)分析表明,相较于CK,低氮胁迫处理下3个光皮桦基因型叶和根中NRT1.1和NRT1.2均下调表达,而NRT2.1在根中上调表达,说明根中NRT2.1在低氮胁迫下的硝酸盐转运过程中发挥主要作用... 相似文献