对高职会计教学方法改革的初探

对于高职院校的教学模式来说，进行某种程度的改革迫在眉睫。主要是由于高职院校的教学工作并不是单纯地给学生们讲授相关的专业知识，同时也是在以实现以人为本，鼓舞学生为重点。尤其是在高职院校中，进行会计专业的教学工作更给相关的教育教学工作人员提出了较高的难题。在具体的教学中，应该多以提问式的教学方法为主，将教学任务，教学目的以及学生们的具体学习方式相结合，努力提高学生们的学习积极性。     

民办高职院校教学方法研究

研究对当前民办高职院校的学生特点及当前教学的实际,有针对性地提出了案例式教学、讨论式教学、激励式教学和模拟式教学方法,并就如何有效运用教学方法进行了阐述,为民办高职院校教学发展提供了新思路。     

项目式教学在高职畜牧兽医专业课程教学中的实践

项目式教学一种是将理论知识与实践技能相结合的教学方法,这种教学方法有利于培养高职畜牧兽医专业学生的动手能力和创造力,有利于培养高职畜牧兽医专业学生的职业技能和职业素养。本文通过具体课程项目案例,介绍项目式教学在高职畜牧兽医专业教学中的应用。     

浅谈基于数学建模理念的高职数学教学改革探索

高职院校在对学生的培养方面注重学生的职业实践技能、创新能力和可持续发展能力。高职数学教学高职院校的教学结构中占有重要地位。数学教学可以培养学生科学严谨的思维，提高学生实践和探索的意识，并激发促进学生的创新能力和可持续发展能力。数学建模理念在高职数学教学中的运用，使数学教学课堂焕发了生机与活力，使学生的数学应用能力大大提升，动手创新能力稳步提高，促进学生的持续发展，对学生的职业社会生活大有助益。基于数学建模理念的高职院校数学教学的改革具有重大深远的意义。     

建构主义理论指导下的高职语文教学改革

高职院校应该以新型的教育观、教学观、知识观、师生观和学习观为依托,优化学生的认知结构,激发学生主动建构学习的意趣,采用新的教学模式——支架式教学、抛锚式教学和随机进入式教学,进行有效性的语文教学改革。     

问题架构式“知识技能树”在高职动物传染病总论教学中的应用

动物传染病是高职畜牧兽医类相关专业一门重要的专业课,作为本课程的总论部分,内容繁杂、深奥抽象,学生常难以驾驭。总论教学成功与否,将对本门课程的后续教学影响深远。笔者从教学内容和学情入手,就高职动物传染病总论部分进行问题架构式的"知识技能树"教学方法和过程进行了探讨。教学结果表明:将"知识技能树"应用于教学,效果良好,突出了在教学中学生主体的地位,有利于学生形成自己的知识体系,提升了学生的综合能力。     

论高职体育教学中学生的综合能力培养

高职体育教学中学生综合能力的培养是为了应对社会不同时期对职业方向的需求,切实的对综合能力培养进行分析,把握职业能力对身体素质的要求,对高职学生的就业发展有着非常积极的意义。本文从高职体育课程存在的问题出发,论述了高职体育教学中学生综合能力的培养策略,并详细的分析了高职体育教学中学生综合能力培养的方向。     

高职英语支架式教学策略探析

高职英语教学的目标之一就是培养高职学生的自主学习能力,使高职学生能够独立面对和处理以后的学习,能够主动、自觉的展开学习,为高职学生的终身学习奠定坚实的基础。高职英语支架式教学能够在高职英语教师的指导和引导下,帮助高职学生学会学习,掌握相关学习方法与策略,使高职学生的自主学习能力不断的提升,实现高职英语教学的目标。     

任务引领式教学模式在《城市轨道交通运营组织》课程中的应用研究

高职学校重点是以围绕着“满足企业需求为目标”进而开展一系列教育教学活动，任务引领模式式教学是按照以任务为出发点从而引领帮助学生完成技能和知识训练的一种新型的教学模式。本文首先阐述任务引领式教学模式的概念和作用以及城市轨道交通运营组织中应用任务引领模式的意义。主要提出把教学内容转化成任务并且分析任务从而激起学生学习的兴趣，更好地调动高职生学习的兴趣和主动性。     

浅谈高职英语教学中的“渗透式”教学法

新时代下,随着我国“一带一路”的倡议和建设国际型国家的深入,我国对人才的综合素养提出了更高的要求。在高职英语教学中,渗透式教学法可以提升学生的综合素养,激发他们学习英语的热情和学习效率,提升自主学习能力,值得教师积极地开展教学实践,为学生未来的优质就业打下扎实的基础。文章对渗透式教学概念和优势进行了概述,就高职英语教学如何进行渗透设计展开详细论述,以提供相关借鉴和探讨。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in