Change of 3 Kinds of Enzyme Activity and Soluble Sugar in 3 Chinese Cabbage Varieties with Different Resistance Level During the Process of Plasmodiophora brassicae Infecting Their Roots

There are different levels of resistance in Chinese cabbage varieties against clubroot.The content of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),phenylalanin ammonia-lyase(PAL),Super Oxide Dismutase(SOD)and soluble sugar activities of 3cultivars with different clubroot-resistant levelswere detected after inoculation in this study.The results suggest that the changing rates of CAT,PAL and SOD contents of resistance cultivars after inoculation were higher than those of susceptible cultivars(Baigengbaiye>Zaobaicaitai>Huangjinxiaobaicai);the POD activities of resistance cultivars reached a peak on an earlier day than those of susceptible cultivars;the increasing rate of soluble sugar of susceptible cultivars was higher than that of the resistance cultivars,and ended with two peaks.Therefore,the four enzymes(CAT,POD,PAL and SOD)and soluble sugar may be used as physiological and biochemical reference indexes for the resistance identification to clubroot after inoculation with P.brassicae.     

接种摩西球囊霉对盐胁迫条件下盐地碱蓬叶片SOD和CAT活性的影响(英文)

[Objective] Under salt stress condition,effects of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae on SOD and CAT activity in Suaeda salsa seedlings under salt stress were studied.[Method]There were 2 NaCl levels,namely 0 and 400 mmol/L and each NaCl contained 2 treatments,one is inoculated by Glomus mosseae and the other is control.The growths of Suaeda salsa,SOD and CAT activities as well as MDA content in leaves was determined.[Result]Under salt stress condition,Glomus mosseae could increase the growths of Suaeda salsa,SOD and CAT activities in leaves and decreased MDA content in leaves.[Conclusion]It preliminarily demonstrated that Arbuscular Mycorrhizal(AM)Fungi could increase salt resistance of Suaeda salsa by increasing the activities of SOD and CAT as well as alleviating membrane injury.     

Physiological Indices and Selection of Methods on Rapid Identification for Sweet Potato Drought Resistance

The relationships between the changes of relative water content （RWC）, malondialdehyde （MDA） contents, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and free proline contents in sweet potato leaves, and drought resistant ability under different concentration of polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment applied at rhizosphere of sweet potato seedlings were studied. A highly positive correlation between RWC and drought resistance （r =0.783, P〈0.01）, a highly negative correlation between MDA contents and drought resistance （r = -0.848, P〈0.01）, a highly positive correlation between SOD activity and drought resistance （r = 0.777, P〈0.01） was observed. Free proline contents in leaves was not related obviously to the sweet potato drought resistance under 25% PEG treatment. The stronger the drought resistance of variety, the less decrease of RWC and increase of MDA contents, the more increase of SOD activity. By determining these physiological indices in sweet potato leaves under 25% PEG treatment, rapid identification of drought resistant ability of different varieties can be obtained in the lab.     

Effects of Mutagens on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Cold Resistance of Alfalfa

This study aimed to solve the issues in safe wintering of alfalfa in the north of China. The~(60)Co-γ rays, ultraviolet and EMS were used to mutagenize seeds of 4 cultivars of alfalfa to investigate the effects of mutagens on antioxidant enzymes activity and cold resistance of alfalfa. The results showed that after the mutagenic treatment, the activity of the three kinds of antioxidant enzymes basically showed upward trends.~(60)Co-γ radiation increased the activity of SOD; ultraviolet radiation decreased the activity of SOD; and low-concentration EMS promoted and high-concentration EMS inhibited the activity of SOD. The activity of POD and CAT decreased with the increased radiation dose of~(60)Co-γ, but increased with the increased radiation dose of ultraviolet. The effects of EMS treatment on the activity of POD and CAT differed among different alfalfa cultivars. The concentration of MDA reduced under 30-min, 60-min ultraviolet treatment and 0.4% EMS treatment. According to the subordinate function values of various indices, it could be concluded that 150 Gy of~(60)Co-γ radiation, 90 min of ultraviolet radiation, and 0.4% of EMS were more conducive to improving the cold resistance of alfalfa. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the research on adaptability and cold resistance of alfalfa in rigid cold region and a technical reference for the breeding of high-yield, highquality and cold-resistant alfalfa cultivars.     

Effects of Low-temperature and Herbicide on Membrane Stability,Antioxidant Capacity, and Product of Metabolism in Barley Seedlings

In order to investigate the physiological injury of barley caused by the low temperature after herbicides, tillering barley seedlings planted in plastic cups were pretreated in illumination incubator at 15℃ and 12 h-light per day for 7 days, and then subjected to herbicide treatment, prometryn (with the concentrations of 0, 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45%) or isoproturon (with the concentrations of 0, 0.30%, 0.60%, and 0.90%), and the SOD activity, the CAT activity, the POD activity, the MDA content, proline content, soluble protein content, electrical conductivity, and the rate of O2-were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the low-temperature was the most important, and the treatment-time of low-temperature was another significant influencing factor on the physiological and biochemical indices of barley seedlings. However, all of the physiological and biochemical indices determined were not affected by the kinds of herbicides and herbicide concentrations, and the SOD was stable and should play the more prominent role on extracting of free radicals according to the stepwise regression and correlation. The herbicide concentrations should be increased in the future research for truly reflecting the effects of the herbicide concentration on the physiological and biochemical indices of barley seedlings.     

Physiological Changes and Cold Tolerance of Three Camphor Species During Natural Winter Temperature Fluctuations

The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.     

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)

[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.     

Effects of Low Temperature on Physiological Responses of Two White Clover Cultivars

In order to explore the effects of low temperature on the two different genotypes of white clover, electrical conductivity(EC), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde(MDA) and some other physiological indexes of plants were compared under laboratory conditions. Seedlings of Longping No.1 and Koala were undergone a series of degrading temperatures set in turn 25℃, 10℃, 5℃, 0℃, –5℃ and –10℃. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), electrical conductivity, soluble sugar, free proline and MDA increased obviously with the decrease of stress temperature, while the content of starch decreased, and the content of soluble protein increased first and then decreased during the process. Comprehensive assessments on physiological responses to low temperature stress indicated that the cultivar Longping No.1 had stronger cold resistance than that of cultivar Koala.     

β-氨基丁酸诱导水稻稻瘟病抗性对活性氧代谢的影响(英文)

[Objective] This study was to understand the effects of β-Amino butyric acid(abbreviated as BABA) induced rice blast resistance on reactive oxygen metabolism. [Method] Using the cultivar Chaochan 2 that is highly susceptible to disease as experimental material, the changes of catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and MDA activities in rice treated by BABA were investigated. [Result] In rice plants treated by BABA, the activities of CAT and SOD increased, meanwhile the MDA content also rose to some extent, resulting in the disease resistance to rice blast. [Conclusion] By influencing reactive oxygen metabolism, BABA endows rice plants with resistance to rice blast. BABA is safe to environment and has highly resistance-inducing capacity, it could be generalized in production.     

Effects of High Temperature on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Flag Leaves of Wheat During Grain Filling Period

On the basis of the phytotron, the effects of high temperature （daily average temperature 25, 30, 35 and 40℃, respectively） on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat at 50% relative air moisture during grain fastest filling stage [19-21 days after anthesis （DAA）] were studied. The wheat cultivars tested were Yangmai 9 with weak-gluten and Yangmai 12 with medium-gluten. Compared with 25℃, the higher the temperature was, the higher was the MDA content in flag leaves, while lower were the SOD, POD, and CAT activities. SOD and CAT activities in Yangmai 12 appeared to be more sensitive to high temperature than that in Yangmai 9. But POD activity in Yangmai 12 was less sensitive to high temperature. MDA content in Yangmai 12 was higher than that in Yangmai 9. The 1000-grain weight declined with increase in temperature.     

苜蓿蓟马抗性与生理活性相关性研究

1材料与方法1．1试材与试验地概况供试材料为现蕾期的草原2号紫花苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿、阿尔冈金苜蓿及自选抗蓟马新品系紫花苜蓿。试验地设置在呼和浩特内蒙古农业大学科技园区牧草试验站内种植3年的人工草地。该地位于东经111°48’,北纬40°48’,海拔1063m,属于典型大陆性气候,日气温最高和最低分别为36．9℃和-33℃,年均气温5．4℃,≥10℃年积温2915℃,年平均降水量350-400mm,主要集中在7-9月,无霜期135d：     

苜蓿蓟马抗性与生理活性相关性研究

[目的]通过蓟马危害不同程度后各项生理指标的综合变化与危害程度间相关分析,探讨不同苜蓿品系的抗性强弱。[方法]通过不同数量蓟马对不同抗性紫花苜蓿危害的多个有关抗性生理指标（POD、SOD、PPO、PAL、CAT活性及MDA和游离脯氨酸含量）变化的研究,来探讨各项生理指标与抗性间的关系。[结果]蓟马危害数量与苜蓿POD、SOD、PPO、PAL活性及MDA和游离脯氨酸含量成正相关,与CAT活性成负相关。高抗苜蓿品系POD、SOD、PP0、CAT活性及MDA和游离脯氨酸含量变化速率慢,PAL活性变化快,并且PPO、PAL、CAT活性水平高,而POD、SOD活性水平低。[结论]研究为紫花苜蓿抗蓟马品系鉴定提供了理论依据和材料。     

不同苜蓿品种叶面积与抗旱性的关联性研究

[目的]研究不同叶面积苜蓿品种的抗旱性及其二者的关系。[方法]通过紫花苜蓿在干旱条件下不同品种叶面积脯氨酸含量的差异性,探索紫花苜蓿抗旱性与叶面积大小的关联性。[结果]该研究结果表明,在旱作条件下,不同苜蓿品种的抗旱性与其叶面积大小有直接关系,叶面积越大的苜蓿品种脯氨酸含量越高,其抗旱性越强。[结论]叶片面积可以作为衡量不同苜蓿品种抗旱性强弱的一个较为直观的辅助性指标。     

不同苜蓿品种叶面积与抗旱性的关联性研究

摘要[目的]研究不同叶面积苜蓿品种的抗旱性及其两者的关系。[方法]通过研究紫花苜蓿在干旱条件下不同品种叶面积脯氨酸含量的差异性,探讨紫花苜蓿抗旱性与叶面积大小的关联性。[结果]在旱作条件下,不同苜蓿品种的抗旱性与其叶面积大小有直接关系,叶面积越大的苜蓿品种脯氨酸含量越高,其抗旱性越强。[结论]叶片面积可以作为衡量不同苜蓿品种抗旱性强弱的一个较为直观的辅助性指标。     

温室番茄苗期耐寒性生理特征研究

【目的】通过测定不同低温处理下温室番茄幼苗的生理指标,研究番茄苗期生理代谢与抗寒性的关系。【方法】通过不同低温处理,在番茄幼苗期测定根系活力、叶绿素含量及SOD活性等生理指标。【结果】随温度的降低,番茄植株幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量、SOD活性呈下降趋势,而MDA含量、POD活性、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量随温度的降低反而升高。温度的降低促进番茄植株幼苗中MDA、脯氨酸的生成和POD活性的增加,且SOD活性与MDA含量呈负相关趋势。【结论】生理指标的变化与番茄品种的抗寒性密切相关;不同番茄品种抗寒性比较,唐粉108耐寒性最强,具有良好的应用前景。     

壳聚糖处理对苜蓿幼苗抗旱性的影响

[目的]初步探讨壳聚糖处理对干旱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗抗旱性的影响。[方法]选取饱满度一致的紫花苜蓿种子,置于培养箱(25℃)中培养,待长出3~4片真叶后分装于培养皿,分别用0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%的壳聚糖喷涂处理,以喷蒸馏水为对照,研究不同浓度的壳聚糖处理对苜蓿幼苗抗旱性的影响。[结果]干旱胁迫下,壳聚糖处理后苜蓿幼苗的脯氨酸含量上升幅度比对照组的缓慢,其中以0.5%处理上升幅度最慢;各处理组苜蓿幼苗POD活性上升幅度明显大于对照组,其上升幅度依次为0.5%>0.7%>0.3%>0.1%,并在断水后第9天时达到最高值后缓慢下降。[结论]壳聚糖处理苜蓿幼苗能调节干旱胁迫下其脯氨酸积累速率,提高和维持其POD活性,从而增强其抗旱性。壳聚糖处理的适宜浓度为0.5%。     

苜蓿总皂甙含量的遗传变异及其与农艺性状的相关分析

 【目的】通过对苜蓿总皂甙含量与农艺性状的相关分析找出一个能快速标记总皂甙含量高低的性状,探索总皂甙含量的遗传变异规律。【方法】以耐湿热苜蓿新品种渝苜一号为材料,测定100个苜蓿单株,从中选出5个高皂甙植株和5个低皂甙植株。【结果】通过各单株后代系的试验确定了这10个植株的总皂甙遗传力在0.118到0.745之间变化,后代系的变异系数在15.54%到28.81%之间变化,高低皂甙群体的遗传力分别为0.636和0.208,高皂甙群体的遗传力明显高于低皂甙群体。苜蓿总皂甙含量与株高、叶色、虫害程度、干重和干物质率的相关分析及通径分析的结果表明：叶色与总皂甙含量呈极显著负相关（r=-0.405**）,且叶色与总皂甙含量的的相关关系主要是直接效应（P=-0.422**）;干重与总皂甙含量的相关主要是通过株高、叶色和干物质率的间接作用。【结论】通过常规育种方法要育成低皂甙苜蓿品种较为困难,而一些高皂甙含量的后代系可作为高皂甙苜蓿品种的育种材料;苜蓿的叶色可以作为快速识别苜蓿总皂甙含量高低的标记。     

15个紫花苜蓿品种抗旱性评价

[目的]研究15个紫花苜蓿品种抗旱性。[方法]通过室内试验,对15个苜蓿品种进行人工干旱胁迫,测定其干旱胁迫后植物体的相对膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量和水饱和亏缺3个抗旱指标。通过对不同苜蓿品种的抗旱隶属函数值进行计算,对不同苜蓿品种的综合抗旱适应性进行了评价。[结果]将15个苜蓿品种划分为3类,高抗旱苜蓿品种：敖汉、公农2号、宁苜1号、龙牧801;中抗旱苜蓿品种：公农1号、龙牧803、MagnumV-wet、农宝、竞争者、大叶、中苜1号;弱抗旱苜蓿品种：公农3号、WL-525、朝阳、胜利者。[结论]高抗旱苜蓿品种为敖汉、公农2号。     

EDTA强化紫花苜蓿对污水库周边农田土中钒吸收的研究

[目的]采用盆栽试验,考察了在新疆某石化企业污水库周边农田土壤中施加不同浓度钒和EDTA后紫花苜蓿富集钒的规律.[方法]采用钽试剂法萃取植物和土壤中的钒,以紫外可见分光光度计检测.[结果]在加入相同钒量的条件下,向土壤中施入不同浓度的EDTA.随着EDTA浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿吸收钒量先增加后减少,在EDTA为5mmol/kg时达到最大值.钒在土壤中的5种形态占钒总量的比例总体大小依次为有机物结合态＞交换态＞铁锰氧化物结合态＞碳酸盐结合态＞水溶态.经过对比,紫花苜蓿对土壤中添加EDTA中的钒吸收量比未添加EDTA的略有增加.通过对紫花苜蓿中钒含量和土壤中钒含量的相关性分析,发现种植土壤中添加和未添加EDTA后,紫花苜蓿中钒含量都与土壤中钒含量具有显著相关性.     

邻苯二甲酸酯对小麦幼苗生理指标的影响

[目的]研究邻苯二甲酸酯对小麦幼苗生理指标的影响。[方法]在不同浓度和不同时间处理条件下研究邻苯二甲酸酯对小麦幼苗叶片的可溶性糖（WSS）、叶绿素、脯氨酸（Pro）和丙二醛（MDA）含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。[结果]在邻苯二甲酸酯胁迫下,不同生理指标所表现出的抗性能力不同。当邻苯二甲酸酯浓度为96μg/kg时,POD、CAT活性及Pro、MDA含量都开始表现出显著抗性反应,抵抗环境胁迫;当邻苯二甲酸酯浓度为384μg/kg时,WSS含量略有下降,虽然不显著,但小麦幼苗细胞可能受到了严重伤害,并且影响到了细胞的正常生理代谢。[结论]该研究为进一步了解邻苯二甲酸酯对小麦幼苗危害的影响机制奠定了基础,为降低土壤邻苯二甲酸酯污染及保障粮食生产的安全性提供了理论依据。