新引进牧草品种及其栽培技术范例

我市自1996年引进百绿集团草种试种试验以来，每年推广国外高优牧草品种达333～400hm^2，取得较好的效益。为进一步推广国外高优牧草品种，促进草食动物大力发展和草业生产的可持续发展，现将几种最新引进适合我省种植推广的高优牧草品种及栽培管理技术作简要介绍，仅供参考。     

加强引智基地建设 促进生态良性循环

本院承担并完成了国家外专局“引进牧草及饲料作物扩繁”、“优质牧草示范”、“引进优质牧草扩繁”和“优质牧草引种扩繁”等全国“农引推”项目。从加拿大、美国等8个国家引进牧草及饲料作物81种份,在内蒙古的呼和浩特市、锡林郭勒盟等7个盟市建立了引种试验田和扩繁田,经引种培育和品比试验,筛选出15个适应性强,抗旱,耐寒、适宜内蒙古地区栽培利用的优良牧草及饲料作物品种,扩繁与推广面积分别达到330hm2、3500hm2。同时建立了优良牧草引种示范基地,2001年被国家外专局命名为“国家引进国外智力成果示范推广基地”,是全国46个国家级基地之一。可使草地生产力提高2~3倍,对恢复草原植被、改善和保护草原生态环境具有重要作用。     

多年生禾本科牧草在宁南黄土丘陵区的表现

试验地面积10672m2(16亩),10个牧草品种,3年。结果表明,有6种牧草能够适应当地高寒的气候条件,安全越冬,正常生长。草地雀麦,沙生冰草,垂穗披碱草,无芒雀麦,老芒麦,芨芨草在第2,3年的平均鲜草产量分别为4002kg/hm2、4152kg/hm2、2102kg/hm2、2152kg/hm2、5841kg/hm2、5103kg/hm2,可以推广种植。     

川西南山原地区高产人工草地建植技术研究

通过对白三叶、多年生黑麦草等9个草种的18个品种进行混播,得出豆科牧草年鲜草产量大于禾本科牧草,其中以豆科牧草白三叶的Lisepa品种年鲜草产量最高,为122 279.4 kg/hm2。同时禾本科与豆科牧草混播,施磷可使草群中白三叶明显增加,增产显著。氮、磷混合施用,施氮180 kg/hm2、磷120 kg/hm2时增产鲜草21 429.0 kg/hm2,干物质收获量达14 656.5 kg/hm2以上。     

内蒙古自治区草品种审定工作进展情况

草品种是发展畜牧业、促进草原生态保护建设的重要基础。草品种审定工作是推动优良草品种选育,地方品种的整理、国外优良品种的引进推广以及优良野生牧草驯化栽培的引挚和保障。为了进一步挖掘我区牧草良种资源,保护我区优良草品种的知识产权,建立完善的育种、繁育、推广体系,提高牧草种子生产的准入门槛,规范牧草种子生产经营活动,进一步实施好国家各项草原生态建设项目,     

内蒙古畜牧科学院引智项目硕果累累

内蒙古畜牧科学院在国家和自治区外专局的大力支持下，从1996年起，先后承担完成了“国外优质牧草及饲料作物品种引种扩繁”等引智项目3项。2001年被国家外专局批准认定为“国家引进国外智力成果示范推广基地”，是全国46个国家级基地之一。该基地由四子王旗基地、托县牧草基地和巴音哈太牧草基地3个     

牧草的营养品质及其评价

我国天然草场面积约4亿hm2,其中可以利用的2.8亿hm2,年生物产量3亿t,载畜量3.6亿头(只)(董世魁等,2002)。因此,牧草作为农业和畜牧业的重要生产资料,对畜牧业的发展具有十分重要的作用。1主要的牧草品种牧草有两种含义:广义的“牧草”是指一切可供饲用的细茎草木植物;狭义的“牧草”是指栽培的豆科和禾本科植物牧草。我国主要栽培的牧草有:1)豆科牧草,如紫花苜蓿和三叶草等;2)禾本科牧草,如黑麦草、扁穗牛鞭草和象草等。我国已开展了大量的牧草选育工作,包括野生牧草的调查搜集、牧草新品种的选育和国外牧草引进栽培试验等。20世纪80年代,我…     

青海省草原总站高寒草地综合试验基地建设进展顺利

<正>2015年5月以来,海西州天峻地区天气逐渐转暖,雨水充沛。青海省草原总站抓住这一有利时机,在天峻县天棚乡适时启动了高寒草地综合试验基地建设工作。截至目前,完成了试验基地优良牧草品种引种筛选试验0.13 hm2、牧草品种混播试验3.9 hm2、大面积丰产栽培试验16 hm2的小区规划、品种     

十三个多花黑麦草品种在云南不同气候带的产量比较试验

分析了13个多花黑麦草品种在云南4个不同气候带3年的相对干物质产量,结果为:平均相对干物质产量最高的品种为赫达奇埃巴多花黑麦草4.30t/hm2,其次为特蒂勒多花黑麦草4.04t/hm2,第三为埃克思尔特多花黑麦草3.95t/hm2;最差的品种为艾斯多花黑麦草1.26t/hm2。说明相同牧草种的不同品种之间产量差异较大,在生产实践中,应注意选用优良的牧草品种。     

高寒牧区饲用黑麦草的引种试验

高寒牧区牧草品种短缺,引进优良牧草对于高寒地区畜牧业的发展和生态环境的保护具有重要意义。本试验引进饲用黑麦草品种在高寒地区种植,结果得出该品种在高寒地区生长的平均株高为170 cm左右,鲜草产量达60 000 kg/hm2以上。表明该品种抗旱性、抗寒性较高,适应性强,很有推广种植价值。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。