分月扇舟蛾药剂防治试验

采用灭幼脲Ⅲ号防治分月扇舟蛾,以1∶300倍液杀卵效果最为理想,杀卵率达95.25%,用其进行林间防治,每公顷用药量300g,超低喷雾,虫口减退率为91.63%。     

分月扇舟蛾生物学初步研究

分月扇舟蛾[clostera anastomosis(L.)]近年来在吉林省杨树林区大面积连续成灾,该虫一年发生三代,以2龄幼虫作白色薄茧在村皮缝或枯枝落叶层越冬。本文对该虫的生活习性,食叶量和天敌都进行了较系统的研究。     

分月扇舟蛾的综合防治技术

分月扇舟蛾的综合防治技术田丰，申国涛，于振福（黑龙江省森保所）（牡丹江林管局防治站）林凡平，王文志，王岩，王立芳（海林林业局病虫防治站）（苇河林业局）近年，黑龙江省大面积发展杨树人工林，其目的解决资源危机。但由于造林设计时，缺少对丰产林必须建立在森林...     

分月扇舟蛾的危害与防治

分月扇舟蛾是我国北方杨树的主要害虫之一,近年来已在赤峰市林西县蔓延成灾,发生面积达50余万亩。经多年观察、研究,我们对该虫的形态特征、生活史及其活动规律有了较多了解,且发现该虫有鸟类天敌5种、昆虫天敌21种、病毒1种,为有效地防治该虫害提供了科学依据。分月扇舟蛾又名银波天社蛾,银波舟蛾,属鳞翅目舟蛾科。日本、朝鲜、前苏联、蒙古及欧洲一些国家和地区有分     

分月扇舟蛾危害指标的研究

分月扇舟蛾在白城地区一年三代。各代幼虫食叶面积;越冬代为1690cm~2,第一代为138.8cm~2,第二代为111.3cm~2,杨树人工林的受害阈限为失叶40%,建立了杨树人工林叶面积回归方程式,计算出每平方米叶面积食去40%的老龄幼虫数量,越冬代23.7条/m~2,第一代28.8条/m~2,第二代35.9条/m~2,为危害指标。     

我国分月扇舟蛾的研究进展

分月扇舟蛾是我国近几年来严重危害杨树的重要森林害虫之一。文章综述了分月扇舟蛾在我国的生物学特性、发生规律、预测预报及综合治理的研究进展,并探讨了今后的研究方向。     

分月扇舟蛾的毒笔防治

几年来，分月扇舟蛾对我省西部地区杨树人工林危害很大，长岭县七号林场在综合防治中，对毒笔防治做了药效实验，调查结果证明：毒笔防治是目前我省采取的各种防治方法中，效果较好，投资最少的方法之一。     

苏云金杆菌防治分月扇舟蛾试验

1990—1991年吉林省长岭县部分杨树人工林内分月扇舟蛾(Closfera anasfomosis (L.)危害猖獗。严重的林地每片树叶虫口数量可达几百头,且扩散迅速,数日内邻近林地树叶也被食殆尽。为探索安全、迅速、经     

分月扇舟蛾的毒笔防治

近年来，分月扇舟蛾对吉林省西部地区杨村人工林危害很大。长岭县前七号林场，采用毒笔防治做了药效实验，调查结果证明：毒笔防治在目前采取的各种防治方法中是效果最好，投资最少的方法之一。     

Inhibitory effects of alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroids on feeding, development and reproduction of Clostera anastomosis

Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroids were bioassayed with Clostera anastomosis for their antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects. The antifeedant rate in choice test reached 62%–86% at the dose 2.5 mg/mL, while in non-choice bioassay the rate was only 20%–29%. In choice bioassay, the antifeedant rate increased with larval instars of C. anastomosis and did not in non-choice experiment. The alkaloids also imposed a strong influence on the growth of C. anastomosis larvae, i.e., after feeding on the leaves treated with alkaloid, the larvae lost their weight, weight gain, and relative growth rate (RGR) significantly when compared with the controls. In the second day after treatment with the dose at 10 mg/mL of the alkaloid, the RGR reduced by 39.8%, and the food intake and the feces weight were respectively 57.7% and 57.4% of the controls. The approximate digestibility (AD) increased significantly, and the efficiency in converting digested food (ECD), and the efficiency in converting ingested food (ECI) decreased greatly after feeding the treated leaves. Moreover, the eggs laid per female were also inhibited by this alkaloid. The significance and prospect of the alkaloids in controlling forest insect pests were also discussed. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(4) [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(4)]     

苦豆草生物碱对柳蓝叶甲的拒食作用

研究苦豆草生物碱对柳蓝叶甲取食的影响.结果表明:苦豆草生物碱总碱及其单体对柳蓝叶甲具有较强的拒食作用,且随着浓度的升高拒食作用增强.在选择性取食条件下,随着总碱处理浓度的升高,试虫对处理叶的取食量迅速下降;而对未处理叶的取食量没有显著的差异,但随着处理浓度的升高,总取食量明显下降.在供试的6种生物碱单体中,苦豆碱和槐胺碱对柳蓝叶甲的拒食活性较强.其中处理浓度为5 mg·mL-1时,在选择性取食条件下,苦豆碱的拒食率高达99.4%,而在非选择性取食条件下,则以槐胺碱的拒食活性较强,达91.7%.     

虫害诱导的杨树化学物质对分月扇舟蛾生长发育的影响

诱导抗性作为一种新的植物抗性类型,在防御植食性昆虫的取食和产卵方面具有很大的潜力。该项研究在室内采用选择性方法,观察了分月扇舟蛾幼虫对不同处理的杨树叶的取食选择行为。用虫害叶喂食2～3龄幼虫48 h,测定其营养效应,分析了喂食虫害叶对分月扇舟蛾的幼虫发育历期、蛹重、羽化率等生长发育的影响。利用生化方法测定了杨树叶片虫害后营养物质和次生物质的变化。结果表明:虫害叶对分月扇舟蛾表现为忌避作用;机械损伤叶不影响对寄主的选择性。分月扇舟蛾取食虫害叶后幼虫的发育历期延长、蛹重增加、羽化率降低,可溶性糖含量下降,单宁和黄酮含量增加。     

Inhibitory Effect of Garlic, Clove and Carrot on Growth of Aspergillus Flavus and Aflatoxin Production

INTRoDUCTIONANatoxinsarctoxicsccondarymctabolitCspro-ducedbyAsPergillus~s,A.parastticusandA.nomius(Kurbzmanetal,l987).ThescfUngicangrowreadilyonawidevarictyofagriculturalconunoditicsandPoschealthhazardtobothhumanandanimals.ANa-toxinsareacutClytoxic,carcin…     

Inhibitory effect of garlic, clove and carrot on growth ofAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production

The inhibitory effect of crude extracts of garlic, clove and carrot at concentrations of 20,000, 40,000, 60,000, 80,000 and 100,000 μg/mL on growth ofAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production in rice was investigated. The results showed that garlic, clove and carrot could inhibit the growth ofA. flavus and aflatoxin production. Garlic and clove at 100,000 μg/mL highly reduced the level of aflatoxin from 5.94 to 0.15 and 0.06 μg/g respectively whereas carrot at 20,000 μg/mL reduced the most level of aflatoxin from 5.94 to 0.03 μg/g. Garlic, clove and carrot at 100,000μg/mL also inhibited the mould growth. The most effective herb for inhibiting the growth ofA. flavus and aflatoxin production was garlic. Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi     

林下枯落物浸提液对香果树种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的化感效应

研究了香果树的落叶、树枝、果皮及竹叶等4种林下枯落物浸提液对香果树种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明:香果树落叶、树枝及竹叶浸提液对香果树种子萌发具有不同程度抑制作用,并随浓度升高抑制作用增强。对香果树幼苗生长的化感效应,香果树落叶和果皮浸提液具有显著抑制作用,随浓度升高抑制作用增强;香果树树枝浸提液总体趋势具有“低促高抑”的双浓度效应;竹叶浸提液对香果树幼苗不同部位化感效应不同,具有“促茎抑叶”的化感效应。     

8种寄主幼树对美国白蛾幼虫生长发育及营养效应的影响

目的 探究美国白蛾（Hyphantria cunea）对不同寄主幼树的适生性,科学保护林木、防控美国白蛾。 方法 以东北地区广泛分布及栽植的8种树（家榆、胡桃楸、旱柳、白桦、水曲柳、长白落叶松、山槐、紫椴）为实验对象,室内饲养并测定美国白蛾幼虫取食不同寄主幼树叶片后的生长发育和营养效应指标。 结果 取食家榆和胡桃楸的美国白蛾幼虫存活率较高,其次是水曲柳、旱柳和紫椴;取食长白落叶松的较低,其次是山槐。取食家榆和胡桃楸的美国白蛾幼虫体重、体长、头壳宽数值较高,其次是水曲柳、紫椴;取食山槐的较低,其次是白桦。取食胡桃楸、家榆、水曲柳的美国白蛾幼虫化蛹率、羽化率数值较高,发育历期较短,其次是紫椴;取食长白落叶松和山槐不能化蛹,取食白桦、山槐、长白落叶松的不能羽化且发育历期较长。美国白蛾幼虫对家榆、胡桃楸、水曲柳取食量较大,其次是紫椴、旱柳;取食家榆和胡桃楸的幼虫食物利用率和食物转换率均处于较高水平,其次是紫椴、水曲柳;幼虫对山槐和白桦的取食量较低,其食物利用率和食物转换率均处于较低水平;幼虫食物消耗率与其食物利用率和食物转换率结果相反。 结论 家榆和胡桃楸较适合美国白蛾幼虫生长发育,其次是水曲柳、紫椴;而长白落叶松、山槐不适于其生长;表明美国白蛾对多种寄主有不同的适生性和营养利用策略。     

Effects of Demand-driven Fertilization on Nutrient Use,Root:Plant Ratio and Field Performance of Betula pendula and Picea abies

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings were grown for one season under three different fertilization regimens in the forest nursery. During the first 50 days the seedlings were grown in a glasshouse, and thereafter outdoors until the beginning of September. Finally, the plants were exposed to 16 h nights in the glasshouse throughout September. When the seedlings were supplied with fertilizers at a rate adjusted to expected plant demand (R_O), less than half as much of each nutrient was applied as in a conventional regimen (R_C), in which equal amounts were supplied per unit time during the growth season, yet the plants still looked healthy. Utilization of N increased by almost 50% in spruce when supply was adjusted to plant demand. In the third treatment (R_L), nutrients were supplied as in the R_O treatment, but at a growth-limiting rate. These plants were loaded with nutrients at the end of the season and had higher root:plant ratios, i.e. root weight in relation to total plant weight, compared with the other treatments. The nutrient status of the plants was not growth limiting at the end of the growing season in any of the treatments. The plants given the different treatments differed in size at planting out, but they had similar heights after 3 yrs in the field. This indicates that the root:plant ratio may be important for growth performance, provided that nutrient status is not at a growth-limiting level. This study suggests that the use of fertilizers can be considerably reduced in Swedish forest nurseries.     

Effects of defoliation by Eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus scutellatus, and chrysomelid beetles on growth of Eucalyptus globulus in southwestern Australia

Plantations of Eucalyptus globulus in southwestern Australia are defoliated by Eucalyptus weevil, Gonipterus scutellatus, and a complex of chrysomelid and scarab beetles, yet there is no information on the impact of beetle defoliation to tree growth in southwestern Australia. To address this shortcoming, we used insect exclusion trials, to compare growth of insecticide treated (and thus relatively undamaged) trees with untreated (and thus defoliated) trees to determine whether defoliation by G. scutellatus and other beetles reduced the growth and harvest volume of E. globulus trees. Our results showed some evidence of beetle defoliation reducing growth of E. globulus. Mean defoliation levels of the growing tip of untreated trees ranged from 18% to 33% across the duration of the study and were significantly greater than mean defoliation levels of 5–16% on insecticide treated trees. Seasonal peaks in defoliation of 30–80% to the growing tip of untreated trees were recorded between late spring and early autumn. The greatest impact of defoliation on tree growth was evident during the 2.5 year period of insect exclusion, when higher relative growth rates were recorded for insecticide treated trees, which were significantly different from relative growth rates of untreated trees at two of the four plantations. However, our results showed only a limited impact of beetle defoliation on the total volume at harvest. Initially small trees tended to suffer more severe defoliation than initially large trees. Effects of insect exclusion treatment on harvest volume were modified by the initial tree size and the relationship between the initial tree size and levels of defoliation.