Semen collection techniques.

Semen collection techniques in the stallion have evolved considerably over the last 70 to 80 years and are used today primarily for artificial insemination. Semen can be collected from stallions that are otherwise unable to breed, allowing continued use of valuable animals. There are many options for collection of semen from stallions that present with ejaculatory dysfunction (see the article by McDonnell elsewhere in this issue.) Although there are many advantages to the use of artificial breeding, the collector must understand each step of the collection procedure as well as stallion preferences and proper use of an artificial vagina and mount source so that a representative semen sample is collected.     

挤奶厅式猪采精站--法国猪人工授精站率先采用精液自动收集工艺

猛地一看，法国北部那个特殊区域的中心位黄特别象一个大型奶牛场的挤奶厅。工作人员站在大厅中央一个下陷的深坑里工作，坑的周围环绕着畜栏。近距离观察能够发现每个动物都为其配备了泵和管子等自动装备。     

Semen collection and spermatozoa characteristics in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Semen samples were obtained from budgerigars by applying gentle pressure to both sides of the cloaca. The semen appeared to be stored in the seminal glomera, two structures on either side of the proctodeum. These structures have been described before in Passeriformes. The spermatozoon in budgerigars is similar to the spermatozoon of the domestic fowl, but differs from the spermatozoon of Passeriformes.     

Semen collection and characterization in rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome).

Low egg fertility and hatchability is a common problem in captive populations of rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome). These conditions make sustaining a captive population challenging. A method for collecting and evaluating semen from rockhopper penguins was developed to assist in the evaluation of low egg fertility found in one captive population. Six adult male rockhopper penguins were conditioned to allow semen collection once a week from the start of breeding season until ejaculates no longer contained sperm. A total of 59 ejaculates was collected between 17 September and 31 December 2004. Forty-five of these samples were evaluated for volume, pH, sperm concentration, and sperm quality (motility, viability, and morphology). There was a large variation between individuals and between collections for each individual. The mean motility was 34.5% (+/- 22%). Mean volume of ejaculate was 0.23 ml (+/- .31 ml). Mean concentration was 16.9 x 10(6) sperm/ml (+/- 48.7 x 10(6) sperm/ml). Mean number of sperm per collection was 1.7 x 10(6) (+/- 4.2 x 10(6)). Mean percentage of living sperm was 82.9% (+/- 18.1%). Mean percentage of sperm with normal morphology was 82.1% (+/- 18.8%). Mean pH was 6.47 (+/- 0.49). During this season, only one of these males paired with a female. The pair produced one fertile egg, but the embryo died early in incubation. Male rockhopper penguins had low sperm concentration and low motility indicating that low male fertility may be contributing to the poor egg fertility rate. This work represents the first step in an ongoing study to improve captive breeding of rockhopper penguins.     

Semen evaluation in the Beagle dog

Using standard techniques, semen was collected from six normal Beagles, aged 1–2 years, at monthly intervals on seven occasions. The mean value of ejaculate was 3.1 ml, and the mean sperm count was 47.7 million/ml. Libido was maintained over the experimental period and the results were consistent throughout.
Résumé. Au moyen des méthodes habituelles, on a fait sept prélèvements, espacés d'un mois, de spermatozoïdes de six chiens beagles courants normaux, âgés de 1 à 2 ans. Le volume moyen de l'éjaculation était de 3,1 ml et le compte moyen était de 47,7 millions/ml. La libido a persisté pendant la période expérimentale et les résultats étaient consistants tout au long.
Zusammenfassung. Unter Venvendung von Standardmethoden wurde Sperma von sechs normalen Beagle-Rüden im Alter von 1–2 Jahren in monatlichen Abständen bei sieben Untersuchungen gewonnen. Die mittlere Ejakulatmenge betrug 3, l ml, und die rnittlere Spermienzahl 47,7 Millionen/ml. Die Libido blieb während der ganzen Versuchsperiode erhalten, und die Ergebnisse waren ebenfalls konsistent.     

Semen collection in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) using a dummy or a teaser female

1. We investigated the feasibility of training male ostriches to ejaculate into an artificial cloaca (AC) using a teaser female or a dummy. 2. Male ostriches develop desirable behaviour patterns that allow them to be trained to the teaser and the dummy female. Training success can be high as both methods rely on natural stimulation and voluntary ejaculation into the AC provided suitable individuals are identified. 3. The key factors to successful training appear to be: the teaser method - temperament of male ostriches, the crouching behaviour of the female ostriches for the semen collector and acceptance of the collector by the male; dummy method - courtship of humans, learning ability of ostriches to habituate and then to mount a dummy. 4. Both methods are reliable, yield ejaculates of high quality and give reproducible results. The ejaculate volume was 1.09 +/- 0.13 ml, the concentration of spermatozoa 4.21 +/- 0.27 x 10(9)/ml, the total number of spermatozoa 4.67 +/- 0.62 x 10(9) and motility 4.3 +/- 0.1. 5. Commercial ostrich production that relies on natural mating can take advantage of those methods to develop artificial insemination technologies.     

黑猩猩人工采精与精液品质的研究

能否采到高品质的精液是人工授精成败的关键因素,本研究在黑猩猩上做了大胆的探索.采用电刺激采精,多次采集到高活力的黑猩猩精液,找到了合适的稀释液,并对精液品质进行了测定.     

奶牛性别控制冻精和普通冻精对比试验研究

用奶牛性控冻精共授配奶牛948头,妊娠893头,情期受胎率平均为67.37%;母犊率达到93.95%,普通冻精产母犊率51.63%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。对其中20头母犊出生时的体重、体尺进行了测定,并与常规冻精所产母犊的生长发育指标进行比较,两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,奶牛性控冻精对实现规模化奶牛场的快速扩群和品质提升具有较高的实用价值。     

我国燕麦种质资源的收集和评价

我国是裸燕麦Avena sative 的起源地.20世纪50年代末我国开始了对燕麦种质资源的收集和整理工作.目前我国已经编入目录的燕麦种质资源共计2 978份其中裸燕麦1 699份,皮燕麦1 278份,野燕麦1份,还有1400佘份资源未编入目录.在已编入目录的燕麦种质资源中.已有1 142份被我国农作物种质保存中心长期库保存,504份被我国地方的一些研究单位中期库保存.对已收录的2 977份燕麦种质资源的评价情况进行了综述,包插对燕麦农艺学性状、抗性、籽实品质性状和遗传学性状的评价,这些信息可为今后我国燕麦种质资源的研究与燕麦育种工作提供帮助.     

不同品种种公牛采精量、精液密度及制冻数量的比较

本试验将利木赞、夏洛来、西门塔尔、荷斯坦 4个品种种公牛的采精量、精液密度和制冻数量进行比较。结果表明 :从采精量方面来看 ,西门塔尔平均采精量极显著高于荷斯坦、夏洛来、利木赞 (P <0 .0 1) ;从精液密度方面来看 ,利木赞的平均精液密度极显著高于荷斯坦、西门塔尔、夏洛来 (P <0 .0 1) ;从制冻数量和经济效益考虑 ,荷斯坦是较为理想的、适合宁夏永宁地区的冻精生产品种。     

常规精液与性控精液的超数排卵效果比较

采用常规精液输精和性控精液输精对580头15～18月龄荷斯坦母牛(其中常规组521头,性控组59头)进行了超排试验。超排后,采用常规精液输精供体母牛521头,共回收卵5311枚,平均每头10.19枚,其中可用胚胎2804枚,平均可用胚胎5.38枚,可用率52.28%,未受精卵697枚,未受精卵率13.12%,退化胚胎1725枚,退化胚率32.48%。采用性控精液输精供体母牛59头,共回收卵600枚,平均每头10.16枚,其中可用胚胎250枚,平均可用胚胎4.24枚,可用率41.67%,未受精卵170枚,未受精卵率28.33%,退化胚胎169枚,退化胚率28.17%。结果表明,性控精液组的未受精率大大高于常规精液组,而可用胚胎数和可用率明显低于常规精液组。其主要原因是性控精子在分离过程中受到不同程度的损伤,使精子的存活时间缩短,从而增加了未受精率和降低了可用胚胎率。     

鸵鸟精液品质及精液低温保存条件的研究

测定鸵鸟精液生理指标 ,结果表明 ,鸵鸟的射精量为 0 1 7～ 2 0 3mL ,精液 pH6 7～7 3,精子密度为 1 5 7～ 48 0亿 /mL ,原精液精子畸形率 3 0 9%～ 1 3 3% ,精子活率范围0 78～ 0 92。对鸵鸟精液用不同稀释液稀释后低温保存效果比较研究 ,初步获得在 0～ 5℃时用改进MEM液作稀释液以 1∶2比例稀释后 ,精子在设计的条件下存活时间平均约 72h ,而相应原精液或 0 85 %NaCl液作 1∶2稀释的精液在同样条件下精子仅能存活约 2 4h     

陶赛特羊精液品质和冷冻精液保存稀释液的研究

对两只1～2岁新西兰陶赛特羊的精液品质、冷冻精液保存稀释液和制作冻精技术进行了研究.结果表明:[1]引进陶赛特羊的精子密度、活率、畸形率、冻精的平均菌落数、射精量、pH值、颜色均属正常范围,但个体间有差异.[2]在果糖-卵黄-柠檬酸-甘油(一号)、葡萄糖-卵黄-柠檬酸钠-甘油(二号)以及果糖-卵黄-柠檬酸钠-甘油(三号)三种稀释液中三号稀释液的冷冻保存效果极显著地(P<0.01)优于一号和二号.