木醋对蓝莓土壤pH值和主要营养成分的影响

以用松针土、玉米秸秆和园土按1∶1∶3比例(体积比)配制的2年生"蓝丰"蓝莓的盆栽基质为对象,以土壤施用一次硫磺粉为对照,研究了每月土施不同量木醋对土壤pH值及有效氮、有效磷、有效钾及有机质含量的影响。结果表明,施用硫磺粉和木醋均能降低土壤pH值,前者降速较慢,处理后6个月土壤pH值降至4.9,而木醋处理后3个月即能将土壤pH值降到4.9左右。同一时期,与施用硫磺粉相比,施用木醋对土壤中有效氮、有效磷、有效钾和有机质含量影响显著。木醋是一种能快速降低土壤pH值且易于施用的土壤pH值改良物质,可用于蓝莓栽培的土壤改良。     

糠醛渣对猕猴桃幼苗生长的影响

以猕猴桃组培盆栽苗为试材,通过在栽培介质中添加不同浓度的糠醛渣,研究糠醛渣对幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,取自河南新乡的碱性土和市售有机基质在分别加入5%、10%和20%的糠醛渣后,和对照相比,前者土壤pH值下降范围为0.38~0.80,后者为0.36~0.65;添加糠醛渣后幼苗生长均受到不同程度的抑制,高浓度条件下叶片黄化明显,猕猴桃幼苗的株高和叶片SPAD值均显著下降,新乡土处理组的株高降幅都在40%以上,叶片SPAD值降幅超过16%,有机基质处理组株高降幅超过77%,叶片SPAD值降幅超过20%;新乡土3个处理组和对照相比,叶片长宽均无显著性差异,有机基质3个处理组的叶片长宽和对照相比都显著下降。结论:糠醛渣虽然可以降低两类栽培介质的土壤pH值,但对猕猴桃幼苗的生长产生抑制效果。     

缓释膜调酸改良土壤对蓝莓生长的影响

为了使土壤酸度和土壤营养能满足蓝莓正常生长的要求,本研究利用一种生态功能复合材料缓释膜(涂层纤维膜)包装稀硫酸和营养液,使其缓慢释放于土壤,探讨缓释膜对土壤的调酸改良效果及其对蓝莓生长的影响。试验设置7种处理和泥炭土栽培对照,对北高丛蓝莓进行一个生长季的试验。结果表明,通过使用缓释膜包装稀硫酸释放对降低土壤的pH值具有明显的效果,包装3%浓度H2SO4、6%浓度H2SO4调节的pH值均能满足盆栽蓝莓的生长需求,9%浓度的稀硫酸pH值下降略有偏低。使用缓释膜包装3种浓度稀H2SO4+营养液对蓝莓生长具有促进作用,与不加营养液处理相比,蓝莓苗木生长两个月后在地径和苗高方面具有生长优势且差异显著,与泥炭土对照差异不显著;光合速率反映出来的规律对此作出了验证。3种浓度缓释酸+营养液处理与泥炭土对照在叶绿素、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶等3个指标上差异不显著,与缓释酸处理差异显著。研究结果不仅有助于明确缓释膜对土壤的调酸改良作用及其对蓝莓生长的影响机理,还为蓝莓土壤改良方法提供理论支持。     

不同肥种对蓝莓菌根侵染特性及土壤理化性质的影响

为探究不同肥种对蓝莓菌根及土壤理化性质的影响,以7年生兔眼蓝莓‘灿烂’为试材,研究了6种处理(CK、DP、HH、KS、LZ和HF)对蓝莓菌根着生状态及侵染率、根系活力、根系丙二醛(MDA)含量、土壤主要营养成分含量及蓝莓产量的影响。结果表明:蓝莓菌根菌着生普遍,DP处理的蓝莓菌根侵染率最高,且与HH、KS处理的菌根侵染率均达到3级;5种施肥处理均显著提升蓝莓的根系活力(P<0.05),DP处理的蓝莓根系活力最高;5种施肥处理显著降低了蓝莓根系MDA含量;LZ处理的结果数、坐果率、单果质量、单株产量均达到较高水平。综上所述,LZ、HF和DP处理均能显著降低土壤pH,整体提高土壤综合肥力,增加蓝莓产量。因此在蓝莓生产上,建议适当增加土壤有机质、有机酸和全钾的含量,有利于提高蓝莓菌根侵染率和根系活力,降低蓝莓根系MDA含量。     

陕西澄城蓝莓栽培常见问题处置措施

2015年陕西澄城引入蓝莓试验示范栽培.结合多年实践观察,我们总结了本地蓝莓栽培中的常发多发问题及应对措施. 1 园土改良 蓝莓根系较浅,纤细没有根毛,要求土壤疏松,透水性、通气性、排水性良好,土壤pH值4～5.5,土壤有机质含量不低于5％.定植前,必须对园地进行土壤改良,否则会造成植株叶片失绿黄化,新梢少而弱,生长不...     

蓝莓栽培中土壤改良的方法及作用

蓝莓适合生长于有机质含量高的酸性土壤,因此大多地区要经过土壤改良才可栽培。现概述土壤pH值、有机质含量、菌根真菌对蓝莓生长的影响,介绍了不同改良方法在蓝莓栽培中的应用,为我国蓝莓栽培中的土壤改良工作提供参考。     

栽培基质添加椰糠和锯末对盆栽蓝莓生长的影响

为探明农业废弃物椰糠和生锯末能否部分替代泥炭用作蓝莓育苗和土壤改良的原料,以椰糠、生锯末、泥炭和河砂为主要原料配制栽培基质,盆栽"莱格西"蓝莓组培苗1年,测定各基质pH值和幼苗生长相关指标。结果表明,泥炭单一基质能蓝莓对pH值的要求(4.0~5.5)且保持稳定,椰糠、生锯末单一基质及两者等体积比混合基质均不能满足蓝莓对pH值的要求,泥炭∶生锯末=1∶2(体积比,下同)混合基质或者泥炭∶椰糠=1∶1混合基质均可以满足蓝莓对pH值的要求。栽培基质对蓝莓幼苗的株高、冠幅、分枝数、分枝长度、分枝粗度、新梢数、新梢长度和叶片数有显著影响。在泥炭∶椰糠=1∶1混合基质上蓝莓生长表现最好,优于单一泥炭基质;在泥炭与生锯末(1∶2或2∶1)混合基质上的生长表现较差,不及单一泥炭基质。认为用椰糠部分代替泥炭作为蓝莓育苗和土壤改良的原料是可行的。     

蓝莓栽培技术

<正>1园地选择选择土壤标准是:坡度不超过10%,土壤pH值4.0~5.5,最好4.3~4.8;土壤有机质8%~12%,最少不低于5%;土壤疏松,排水性能好,土壤湿润但不积水。一是水湿地潜育土。这类土壤上野生蓝莓分布广泛,土层主要由枯枝落叶及腐苔藓组成。土壤疏松,通气良好,土壤pH值4.8,有机质高达56%。土壤中含氮量很高,达900 mg·kg-1,这类土壤往往位于深林区,土壤水分充足,是蓝莓栽培较为理想的土壤类型。二是草甸沼泽地。这类土壤一般偏酸性,pH值5.0~5.7,有机质10%,夏季土壤黏重。栽培蓝莓时需要挖排水沟、     

几种物质对蓝莓土壤pH及有效N、P、K的影响

以4年生盆栽"灿烂"兔眼蓝莓为试材,研究了硫磺、硫酸钾和食用醋对土壤pH及有效N、P、K含量的影响。结果表明:在土壤中施入一定量的硫磺、硫酸钾和食用醋后,能显著降低土壤pH,增加土壤有效N、P、K含量。其中食用醋能迅速降低土壤pH至蓝莓生长最适的4.0~4.8范围,硫磺也能调整土壤pH至4.0~4.8,但改良效果较食用醋慢,3种物质中硫酸钾改良土壤pH的效果最差,同时土壤中有效N、P、K含量随pH降低而增加。综合分析表明,食用醋是一种见效快,易于施用的土壤pH改良物质。     

不同土壤pH对蓝莓光合作用的影响

以3年生盆栽蓝莓"北陆""都克""喜来""伯克利"为试材,采用硫磺粉调节土壤pH,测定不同土壤pH处理(pH 3.42、4.27、4.75、5.84、6.83)对4个蓝莓品种当年生枝条上叶片的光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数等叶片光合生理指标的影响,为蓝莓大面积栽培于黑龙江省提供参考依据。结果表明:4个品种蓝莓叶片叶绿素含量及净光合速率(Pn)随着pH的升高呈先升高后降低趋势;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈相反趋势,并在pH 4.75时达最佳值;气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)无明显变化;叶绿素含量以"伯克利""北陆""都克",Pn以"北陆""都克""伯克利""喜来","喜来"叶片的光合作用受土壤pH影响最大;最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSII最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)随着pH的升高呈先升高再降低变化趋势,初始荧光(Fo)则相反,先降低再升高。荧光参数测定结果表明,pH 3.42、6.83时蓝莓叶片受到较大的光抑制,此时蓝莓会将过多的光能以热能形式损失。综上所述,pH 4.75最适宜蓝莓生长;4个品种的光合作用比较,"喜来"受土壤pH影响较大,"北陆""都克""伯克利"适应性强。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。