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1.
T. Ganino D. Beghè S. Valenti R. Nisi A. Fabbri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1531-1540
The Emilia region (Northern Italy) is characterised by the occurrence of microclimates that permit olive growing. The presence
of the species, albeit sporadic, in these territories for several centuries as a fruit crop is well documented, by both archaeological
and written testimony, and by a large number of plants well over a century old, located in particular sites, favourable for
growth and development of the tree.
Olive genetic diversity was studied using RAPD and SSR techniques, on plants growing in the Emilia territory (Reggio Emilia
and Parma provinces). For genotype identification comparisons were made with 8 cultivars, some of which from Central Italy.
Screening was obtained analysing patterns produced by 20 RAPD primers and 3 SSR primers, developed by other authors; the primers
and we were able to discriminate olive cultivars with a sufficient degree of reliability. The dendrograms obtained from the
analysis show the genetic relationship among accessions present in the Parma-Reggio Emilia district. Our results demonstrated
the reliability of RAPDs and SSRs to identify all studied olive cultivars and to reveal the degree of their relatedness to
each other. The analysis also reveals the presence of an interesting amount of genetic diversity among the studied individuals. 相似文献
2.
Total 65 lotus accessions in genus Nelumbo mainly collected from China, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to estimate the genetic diversity
and to test the genetic basis of the relationships between morphotypes and molecular markers. Seventeen primers generated
a total of 195 highly reproducible and discernible loci, among which 173 were polymorphic. Percent polymorphism varied from
66.7 to 100 with an average of 88.72, and five primers out of them, OPC05, OPG10, OPN20, OPP09 and OPS17, showed 100% polymorphism.
A relatively high genetic diversity was detected among all the samples with the similarity coefficient values ranging from
0.45 to 0.85, and Nei’s gene diversity (h) 0.30, and Shannon index (I) 0.46. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered 65 accessions in four clusters and the clustering pattern showed two groups, N. nucifera ssp. nucifera and those accessions related to the American lotus, and some special cultivars, landraces, hybrids and the American lotus.
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) further indicated that the genetic diversity of Nelumbo accessions was not evenly distributed, instead, was presented by a clustered distribution pattern. Similar to the results
revealed by the dendrogram, two main groups representing the two subspecies of N. nucifera, as well as some special landraces, cultivars of Chinese lotus, the Japanese lotus and hybrids out of the two groups were
obtained. Neither the UPGMA dendrogram nor the PCA analysis exhibited strict relationship with geographic distribution and
morphotypes among the accessions. 相似文献
3.
Genetic diversity in the Olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) cultivated in Portugal revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
V.J.V. Gemas M.C. Almadanim R. Tenreiro A. Martins P. Fevereiro 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(5):501-511
To assess the genetic diversity of the most important olive cultivars used in Portugal, a base collection was established with two hundred and one accessions of eleven cultivars from the different agro-ecological-regions (AER) of olive oil production. Inter-cultivar diversity was evaluated using seven RAPD primers producing fifty-nine polymorphic markers that enable cultivar distinction. Discriminant analysis according to fruit use and AER revealed a genetic structure associated with local selection both for fruit exploitation and agro-ecological adaptation. Intra-cultivar diversity of the ancient cultivar Galega was also investigated. Three RAPD and five ISSR primers produced ninety-three polymorphic markers upon seventy-seven accessions from five AERs. Total accession discrimination was achieved. UPGMA clustering and discriminant analysis revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to accessions origin. The within and among AER variation revealed by AMOVA supported this genetic structure and showed a high proportion of intra-AER variability. These evidences suggest that Galega is composed by a mixture of different genotypes adapted to local conditions, indicating that this cultivar is in an early stage of domestication and should be treated as a landrace instead of a uniform cultivar. The assessment of Galega genetic diversity within each of the five AERs indicated the highest significant level (Hg = 6.23 at p< 0.001) in Ribatejo-Santarém. This finding associated with the distinctiveness of Galega in relation to other Portuguese cultivars and with the recent insights of olive tree domestication allowed us to hypothesize that Ribatejo-Santarém was the ecological region of origin and dispersion of this ancient cultivar. 相似文献
4.
Genetic diversity of seven Rhus L. species was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers. Initially, 90 primers were screened, of which 25 produced reproducible amplification products. These primers generated a total of 296 bands, with an average of 11.8 bands per primer. Out of 296 bands scored, 236 (80%) were polymorphic and 62 (20%) were monomorphic. Primers OPC-05 and OPD-05 generated 100% polymorphic bands. The resolving power of primers ranged from 9.4 to 26.8. Similarity matrix values ranged from 0.45 to 0.63. The dendrogram generated using Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) grouped all the species of Rhus in one major group with two sister groups, whilst R. pyroides Burch. and R. dentata Thunb. were outliers. R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels, R. glauca Thunb. and R. pentheri Zahlbr. constituted one sister group, while R. natalensis Bernh. ex C. Krauss and R. gueinzii Sond. were included in the other. The degree of genetic diversity observed between seven species of Rhus with RAPD markers suggest that this approach could be used for studying the phylogeny of the genus. 相似文献
5.
Agromorphological and molecular variability in the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesbania</Emphasis>
Green manuring especially in rice wheat cropping systems of many tropical and subtropical countries is regaining importance
due to increased fertilizer costs and environmental considerations. Many species of Sesbania genus have been reported as potential green manure crops. The genus is not well characterized and there is a lot of ambiguity
over the nomenclature and classification of the species of this genus. A pilot study based on agro-morphological and molecular
data was conducted to examine the interspecific and intraspecific variability in the selected species of Sesbania genus that were collected from diverse geographical locations and are recommended or traditionally used as green manures.
The study revealed a lot interspecific variability at both morphological and molecular level. It was also shown that species-specific
genetic markers could be generated. The potential use of such markers in Sesbania breeding program is discussed. The study also emphasizes the utilization of molecular profiling for proper identification
and classification of the species of this genus. In addition, various limitations in breeding and utilization of Sesbania as a green manure crop and the potential of a radiation induced late flowering mutant (Trombay Sesbania rostrata-1; TSR-1) for crop improvement is also discussed. 相似文献
6.
The genetic relationships among 56 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes collected from various parts of Turkey were determined by comparing their phenotypic and molecular traits with
those of 23 local and foreign melon genotypes to investigate the taxonomic relationships and genetic variation of Turkish
melon germplasm. Sixty-one phenotypic characters and 109 polymorphic RAPD markers obtained from 33 primers were used to define
the genetic similarity among the melon genotypes by dendrograms or two and three dimensional scaling. There were high correlations
(r ≥ 0.97) among the four resulting matrices used in molecular characterization. The correlations between phenotypic (Euclidean)
and molecular Euclidean, Jaccard, Simple matching, and Nei analyses were r = 0.41, r = −0.40, r = −0.43 and r = −0.40, respectively. Related genotypes or genotypes collected from similar regions were partitioned to similar clusters.
Both analyses (phenotypic and molecular) indicated that non-sweet melon types were dissimilar from sweet types and diversity
of Turkish melon genotypes was higher than that of sweet foreign cultivars examined, but similar to that of the reference
accessions employed. It was also observed that sweet Turkish melon genotypes belonging to groups inodorus and group cantalupensis
were highly variable and could have intermated or have crossed with other non-sweet types. 相似文献
7.
Bettina Heider Elke Fischer Tanja Berndl Rainer Schultze-Kraft 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):529-542
Pueraria montana var. lobata and P. phaseoloides originating from tropical Asia and parts of Oceania are ecologically and economically important legumes that are used as
green manure, cover crop or forage plants. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources require an understanding of the
extent and distribution of genetic diversity in any given region. In this study, genetic variation of five P. montana var. lobata and 16 P. phaseoloides accessions was analysed developing a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker methodology for Pueraria species and thereby creating basic data for follow-up research and the development of conservation strategies. Seeds were
collected from native populations in Bac Kan Province, a mountainous region in Northeast Vietnam. P. montana var. lobata presented a high level of variation with 54.3% of the detected markers being polymorphic, whereas P. phaseoloides exhibited an intermediate to high level of variation (45.5%). The P. montana var. lobata accessions clustered in congruence with their eco-geographical origin. For P. phaseoloides no correspondence between sampling sites and genetic differentiation was found. Inter-population differentiation was measured
as Jaccard's similarity coefficient (JSC). Mean JSC amounted to 0.35 in P. montana var. lobata and 0.52 in P. phaseoloides. Results are compared to other genetic studies of herbaceous legumes and conservation strategies are suggested. 相似文献
8.
Yu-Xia Yang Wei Wu You-Liang Zheng Li Chen Ren-Jian Liu Chun-Yan Huang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1043-1051
Genetic diversity and relationships among 48 safflower accessions were evaluated using 22 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)
primers. A total of 429 bands were amplified, and 355 bands (about 82.7%) were polymorphic. Five to forty-one polymorphic
bands could be amplified by each primer, with an average of 16.1 polymorphic bands per primer. The results showed that the
polymorphism of the safflower germplasm was higher at the DNA level. All the 48 accessions could be distinguished by ISSR
markers and were divided into 9 groups based on ISSR GS by using UPGMA method. The genetic relationships among the accessions
from different continents were closer. Comparatively, the genetic diversity of the accessions originated from Asia was higher,
from Europe assembled. The results also showed that the genetic variation of accessions from Indian and Middle Eastern safflower
diversity centers were relatively higher. ISSR is an effective and promising marker system for detecting genetic diversity
among safflower and give some useful information on its phylogenic relationships. 相似文献
9.
Amer Ibrahim Basha Stefano Padulosi Kamel Chabane Adnan Hadj-Hassan Ehsan Dulloo Mario Augusto Pagnotta Enrico Porceddu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1807-1816
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a strategic nut tree species in the Middle East which holds comparative advantage over other fruit trees in view of
its hardiness, income generation opportunities and benefits for the ecosystem. Yet pistachio cultivation depends on a very
narrow genetic base, in spite of the existence of many varieties still marginally exploited. Syria is an important center
of diversity for pistachio. A country wide ecogeographic survey in this country was carried out to determine the extent of
pistachio genetic diversity and its use. As a whole, 114 accessions were collected from 37 farms to assess diversity at morphological
and molecular level. Molecular evaluation was carried out using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique and
performed using seven primer pair combinations. Results from the studies allowed the identification of 25 pistachio female
varieties in Syria, some of which unique and described for the first time. Three groups of pistachio diversity were identified
by cluster analysis which provides useful information about the distribution of genetic diversity in Syria for enhanced use
and sustainable conservation. 相似文献
10.
Marie Malice Nicolas Martin Audrey Pissard Jorge A. Rojas-Beltran Antionio Gandarillas Pierre Bertin Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):685-690
ISSR molecular markers have been used to investigate genetic diversity of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), an Andean neglected tuber crop species. Sampling procedure allowed a preliminary study of the genetic diversity at
the intra- and intervarietal levels. Twenty tuber lots conserved in situ in the microcentre of Candelaria and ex situ in the Toralapa Centre (Bolivia) were identified. Four ISSR primers amplified a total of 25 fragments of which 17 (68%) were
polymorphic. These experiments show that the structure of oca varieties is mainly based upon vernacular names with a greater
differentiation among tuber lots than within them, supporting agromorphological data. ISSR technique enlightened the existence
of heterogeneous varieties in oca and divergence between in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. These observations are potentially linked to the different ways of management of tubers in these
two conservation systems. 相似文献
11.
Hidetoshi Ikegami Hitoshi Nogata Keita Hirashima Mitsuo Awamura Takao Nakahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(2):201-209
Nineteen fig varieties and lines from Europe and Asia have been fingerprinted by ISSR, RAPD, and SSR markers, respectively,
using 13, 19, and 13 primer combinations. All primers produced 258 loci, with the highest number of loci (119) generated by
RAPD (R
p: 48.42). Clustering analysis was applied to the three marker datasets to elucidate the genetic structure and relationships
among these varieties. Mean genetic similarities were 0.787, 0.717, and 0.749, respectively, as determined using ISSR, RAPD,
and SSR. Each marker system produced incompletely separated clusters, although a weak binding group based on race type appeared
in the combined dataset. Comparisons of coefficients revealed no correlation between different similarity matrices; congruence
was observed between similarity matrices and co-phenetic matrices in all markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed
that most of the total polymorphism was attributable to within-group variance (ISSRs + RAPDs, 97.41%; SSRs, 90.18%). These
results suggest that the genetic diversity of this fig population is low and that multiple marker utilization is critical
to estimate the relatedness of figs at the variety level. Additionally, it was presumed that ‘Houraihi’, the oldest variety
in Japan, was disseminated independently of other foreign varieties in the 17th century or before then. 相似文献
12.
Carmen del Castillo Thierry Winkel Grégory Mahy Jean-Philippe Bizoux 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):897-905
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal originated from the Andes important for small farmers’ food security as well as for commercial
production. Recently, it has been claimed that in Bolivia genetic erosion could result from the marginalization of the crop
in the north and from its commercial standardization in the south. The aim of this study was to quantify the hierarchical
structure of the genetic variation present in eight quinoa field populations, consisting of cultivated and weedy individuals,
representative of the altiplano and interandean valleys of Bolivia. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers show that quinoa
has a strong population structure and a high intra-population variation. An effect of geographical structure of the populations
was highlighted, due to population isolation, not simply linked to distance but more probably to climatic and orographic barriers
present in the studied zone. The population structure is also reinforced by the limited seed exchanges among farmers as revealed
by field interviews. This population structure appears related to three major biogeographic zones: the northern and central
altiplano, the interandean valley, and the southern Salar. Intrapopulation genetic diversity was higher than that expected
for a mainly autogamous species, and higher than that reported in anterior studies based on germplasm collections. These results
are commented in view of current knowledge on phylogeny and reproductive biology of the species, and their implications regarding
genetic resources management are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Tileye Feyissa Hilde Nybom Igor V. Bartish Margareta Welander 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):947-958
Genetic diversity within and among 12 populations of the dioecious tropical tree species Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel. in Ethiopia was examined with eight inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. A total of 104 clearly
scorable bands were generated, among which 84 (81%) were polymorphic. Jaccard similarity coefficient was calculated for pairwise
comparisons among all 120 individuals and ranged from 0.30 to 0.88 while average within-population similarity ranged from
0.53 to 0.66. Within-population variability was estimated as percentage polymorphic loci (ranging from 52% to 87%), Shannon’s
information index (0.30–0.50) and Nei’s genetic diversity (0.21–0.35). The highest variability values were obtained for one
recently planted population and for one wild population growing in an undisturbed primary forest area. Significant overall
differentiation among populations was detected by both Shannon’s information index (0.26) and G
ST (0.25). Relatedness among samples was estimated with a principal coordinate analysis, and relatedness among populations was
estimated with a cluster analysis (UPGMA). A Mantel test indicated a significant association between genetic and geographic
distances, and an autocorrelation analysis showed significant evidence of gene flow over distances up to 30 km. This study
is the first of its kind for H. abyssinica, which has decreased recently in Ethiopia and now must be regarded as an endangered species. Both within-population and between-population
diversity estimates are typical of outcrossing, longlived and late successional species, suggesting that recent anthropogenic
disturbances have not yet had much impact on population genetic parameters. DNA marker data can, however, be used to identify
the most suitable sites for in situ conservation and for collection of material for establishment of genebanks and plant improvement programs. 相似文献
14.
15.
L. S. Rao P. Usha Rani P. S. Deshmukh P. A. Kumar S. K. Panguluri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1235-1244
Detection of genetic relationships between 19 chickpea cultivars and five accessions of its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky were investigated by using RAPD and ISSR markers. On an average, six bands per primer were observed in RAPD analysis
and 11 bands per primer in ISSR analysis. In RAPD, the wild accessions shared 77.8% polymorphic bands with chickpea cultivars,
whereas they shared 79.6% polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis. In RAPD analysis 51.7% and 50.5% polymorphic bands were observed
among wild accessions and chickpea cultivars, respectively. Similarly, 65.63% and 56.25% polymorphic bands were found in ISSR
analysis. The dendrogram developed by pooling the data of RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that the wild accessions and the
ICCV lines showed similar pattern with the dendrogram of RAPD analysis. The ISSR analysis clearly indicated that even with
six polymorphic primers, reliable estimation of genetic diversity could be obtained, while nearly 30 primers are required
for RAPD. Moreover, RAPD can cause genotyping errors due to competition in the amplification of all RAPD fragments. The markers
generated by ISSR and RAPD assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources. For the selection
of good parental material in breeding programs the genetic data produced through ISSR can be used to correlate with the relationship
measures based on pedigree data and morphological traits to minimize the individual inaccuracies in chickpea. 相似文献
16.
Milene Silvestrini Mirian P. Maluf Maria B. Silvarolla Oliveiro Guerreiro-Filho Herculano P. Medina-Filho Marina M. T. Vanini Adalgisa S. Oliveira Cristiana de Gaspari-Pezzopane Luiz C. Fazuoli 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):901-910
Genetic diversity and relationships within and among nine species of Coffea, one species of Psilanthus and the Piatã hybrid from the Coffee Germplasm Collection of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Brazil were assessed using RAPD markers. Genetic diversity and relationships were evaluated by proportion of polymorphic loci (P), Shannon’s genetic index (H′ and G′ST) and clustering analysis. The overall RAPD variation among all accessions was mostly partitioned between rather than within species. However, C. canephora and C. liberica showed a high genetic diversity within the species (\({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.414 and \({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.380, respectively) and this was highly structured (high \({\underline{\hbox{G}'}} \) ST). Genetic diversity from C. congensis and C. arabica was also structured, but with lower levels of genetic diversity (\({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.218 and \({\underline{\hbox{H}'}} \) sp = 0.126, respectively). The results were consistent with agronomic and molecular studies and demonstrated that the IAC Coffea Collection is representative of the phylogenetic structure observed in the genera. This study devises sampling strategies for coffee germplasm collections and provides genetic diversity parameters for future comparisons among them. 相似文献
17.
Marc Moragues Marian Moralejo Mark E. Sorrells Conxita Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1133-1144
A comprehensive characterization of crop germplasm is critical to the optimal improvement of the quality and productivity
of crops. Genetic relationships and variability were evaluated among 63 durum wheat landraces from the Mediterranean basin
using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites markers. The genetic diversity indices found were
comparable to those of other crop species, with average polymorphism information content (PIC) values of 0.24 and 0.70 for
AFLP and microsatellites, respectively. The mean number of alleles observed for the microsatellites loci was 9.15. Non-metric
multi-dimensional scaling clustered the accessions according to their geographical origin with the landraces from the South
shore of the Mediterranean Sea closely related. The results support two dispersal patterns of durum wheat in the Mediterranean
basin, one through its north side and a second one through its south side. 相似文献
18.
K. Aitken J. Li L. Wang C. Qing Y. H. Fan P. Jackson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1395-1405
Erianthus rockii, a wild relative of sugarcane, is drought and cold tolerant, and both are potentially important agronomic traits to the sugarcane
industry worldwide. As such it is of interest as a source of parental germplasm to sugarcane breeders and is currently being
used in sugarcane introgression programs in both China and Australia. To date morphological characters have been used to verify
the putative hybrids produced. Two crosses were generated between two different Saccharum species and two E. rockii accessions. Over 400 AFLP markers were used to identify the intergeneric hybrid progeny as well as determine hybrid diversity.
Both crosses generated hybrids but efficiency levels were very different and are probably related to the different Saccharum parent used in each cross. Cross 1 was between a Saccharum officinarum and E. rockii and generated 100% hybrid progeny. Cross 2, however, was between a sugarcane hybrid (S. officinarum × Saccharum spontaneum) and E. rockii and only 10% of the progeny were intergeneric hybrids. Inheritance of markers in the progeny was analysed and for both crosses
there were equal numbers of markers from both parents indicating n + n transmission of chromosomes. This is the first verification of E. rockii hybrids with molecular markers. It may now be possible to exploit genes of value from E. rockii in sugarcane breeding programs. 相似文献
19.
Genlou Sun 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1737-1746
Elymus trachycaulus complex species are known for their morphological variability, but little is known about their genetic basis. The phylogenetic
relationships among the E. trachycaulus complex, and their systematic relation to other species in Triticeae remain unknown. Nucleotide diversity of ribulose-1,5
bisphosphate-carboxylase (rbcL) gene in E. trachycaulus complex species and several other Triticeae was first characterized and compared. A primary conclusion of the present study
is that nucleotide diversity for rbcL gene in E. trachycaulus species was detected with the estimates of nucleotide diversity θ = 0.00039 and π = 0.00043. The estimate of nucleotide diversity
in rbcL gene for species with different genome constitution here ranged from 0.00099 (π) and 0.00099 (θ) for the species with Ns
genome to 0.00226 (π) and 0.00291 (θ) for the species with St genome. The phylogenetic relationships of these species were
assessed using these rbcL sequences. A total of 47 variable positions including 19 parsimony-informative sites were detected among 24 accessions of
18 species/subspecies. The species with St, H/I and Ns genomes well separated from each other, and formed a three distinct
clades with higher bootstrap values support for both Parsimony and NJ analyses. The St genome containing species is sister
group of H/I genome containing species. Our result confirms that Pseudoroegneria is the maternal genome donor to these Elymus species studied here, regardless of their distribution. Elymus trachycaulus complex are more related to each other than to E. glaucescens, E. patagonicus, and E. solandri. This study suggested that Elymus species with StH genomes may form from multiple closely related sets of donors. 相似文献
20.
M. C. Vaz Patto P. M. Moreira V. Carvalho S. Pego 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1555-1563
The Portuguese maize bread (“broa”) manufactured from traditional maize landraces still plays an important economic and social
role on Central and Northern rural communities of the country. However the traditional maize landraces agricultural systems
are changing. Local maize landraces are in risk of disappearing because of the progressive adoption of hybrid varieties not
suitable for bread production. These changes are contributing to a major loss of genetic diversity. An expedition took place
in the Central region of Portugal (Beira Interior and Beira Litoral) with the purpose of collecting enduring maize landraces
with technological ability for bread production and to access the possibility of establishing a participatory plant breeding
and conservation program. A total of 51 different maize landraces and 175 other varieties of associated crops were collected.
Maize landraces showed to maintain high diversity and potential for improvement. The production relayed on small farms with
polycrop, quality oriented, sustainable systems. A participatory plant breeding and conservation program would be possible
on this region with the proviso that local authorities would be involved. This program would allow a higher valuation of these
maize populations, contributing to halt the current loss of these unique Portuguese maize landraces. 相似文献