抗鸡致病性大肠杆菌中药的筛选及其疗效观察(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to lay a foundation for obtaining effective traditional Chinese medicine preparations controlling chicken colibacillosis. [Method] With the western medicine Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection as the control, drug sensitivity tests of 15 single traditional Chinese herbs and seven self-made Chinese herbal compounds were conducted. Subsequently, the single traditional Chinese herbs presenting good in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and all the seven compounds were given to the chicks artificially infected with E.coli to observe their efficacies. [Result] The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that all the 15 traditional Chinese herbs had certain antibacterial effect against E.coli, among which aloe, pomegranate rind and radix sanguisorbae were the best. Compound 1, 2 and 5 had good antibacterial effects in vitro. By in vivo test, traditional Chinese medicines showed superior efficacies on infected chicks than western medicine, and compound 1 and 2 performed well. [Conclusion] Traditional Chinese medicine preparations are good at controlling Chicken colibacillosis, but their bacteriostasis mechanism in vivo was different with that in vitro.     

Effect Evaluation about Pathogenic Bacteria of Diary Cow Mastitis Treated with Ruyuankang

In this research,36 cows with clinical mastitis were treated with the Chinese herb injection Ruyuankang which was developed by our group.Milk samples of pre and post treatment of Ruyuankang were collected for isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacteria.The dynamic changes of pathogenic bacteria were investigated as well.The results indicated that Ruyuankang could effectively inhibit the common pathogenic bacteria of mastitis which result in the negative rate of pathogenic bacteria 71.74%.     

衣滞康散对胎衣不下奶牛血液流变学指标的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the research was to reveal the mechanism of Yizhikang powder treatment on dairy cattle with retained placenta from the hemorheological perspective. [Method] Dairy cattle with retained placenta were treated with oral administration of Yizhikang powder. And their hemorheological indexes were measured and compared with the corresponding indicators of pre-administration group, healthy group, and control group (sick but untreated). [Result] There was large decrease amplitude in the indexes (whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity reduction viscosity, ESR, ESR equation K value, fibrinogen content, platelet aggregation rate, RBC deformability IF value) of treated dairy cattle with retained placenta. By t test, the indexes, except hematocrit, decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05) and reached the status of post partum healthy cows. The hemorheological indexes didn't change significantly in the control group before and after treatment. [Conclusion] Yizhikang powder could significantly improve blood flow state and reduced the occurrence of qi stagnation and blood stasis in perinatal period.     

Effects of Yimu Shenghuasan Preparation on the Cytochrome P450 in Endometrial Cells and Immune Function of Dairy Cows

In order to investigate the mode of action ofYimu Shenghuasan preparation in endometrial cells of dairy cows, the primary cultured endometrial cells in cows were isolated and the inflammatory models were made by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） induction. The inflammatory cells were treated with gradient concentration of herbal medicine preparation, Yimu Shenghuasan for 48 and 72 h. The expression of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） was detected by Western blot. The amounts of IgG and lgA in sera were also detected in the endometritis of dairy cows. The expression level of CYP450 in the endometrial cells of dairy cow was increased gradually, and the amounts of IgG, IgA were increased significantly as compared with those in the control group. The expression level of CYP450 in the inflammatory cells was increased significantly in the treatment of 2 000 μg mL^-1 of Yimu Shenghuasan after 48 h of treatment.     

Effects of Immunopotentiator of the Traditional Chinese Medicine on T Lymphocytes in Chicken Blood

In order to investigate the mechanism of action of immunoenhancer, the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter on the quantity and the transformation rates of T lymphocytes in the chicken blood were determined. Total 120 chickens were randomly assigned into three groups. The 1% and the 0.5% of the Chinese medicine immunopromoter were added to the chicken drinking water, respectively. The quantity of T lymphocytes in each group was measured by a-Naphthyl acetate esterase （ANAE） staining. The results showed that the percentages of T lymphocytes of the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）, and the percentage of the 1% group significantly higher than that of the 0.5% group （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the transformation rates of T lymphocytes showed that the Chinese medicine immunopromoter had the significant enhancing effect on the transformation rates of T lymphocytes of the treated chickens. The traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter had the distinct function to promote the quantity and the transformation rate of T lymphocytes.     

A Method for Accuracy of Genetic Evaluation by Utilization of Canadian Genetic Evaluation Information to Improve Heilongjiang Holstein Herds

The objectives of this study were to set up a new genetic evaluation procedure to predict the breeding values of Holstein herds in Heilongjiang Province of China for milk and fat production by utilizing Canadian pedigree and genetic evaluation information and to compare the breeding values of the sires from different countries. The data used for evaluating young sires for the Chinese Holstein population consisted of records selected from 21 herds in Heilongjiang Province. The first lactation records of 2 496 daughters collected in 1989 and 2000 were analyzed. A single-trait animal model including a fixed herd-year effect, random animal and residual effects was used by utilizing Canadian pedigree and genetic evaluation information of 5126 sires released from the Canadian Dairy Network in August 2000. The BLUP procedure was used to evaluate all cattle in this study and the Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) for milk and fat production of 6697 cattle (including 673 sires and 6024 cows) were predicted. The genetic levels of the top 100 sires originated from different countries were compared. Unlike the BLUP procedure that is being used in conjunction with the single-trait sire model in Heilongjiang Province of China now, the genetic evaluation procedure used in this study not only can be used simultaneously to evaluate sires and cows but also increase the accuracy of evaluation due to using the relationships and genetic values of the Canadian evaluated sires with more daughters. The results showed that the new procedure was useful for genetic evaluation of dairy herds and the comparison of the breeding values of these sires imported from different countries showed that a significant genetic improvement has been achieved for milk production of the Heilongjiang Holstein dairy population by importing sires from foreign countries, especially from the United States due to the higher breeding values.     

Pharmacokinetics of Two Ingredients of the Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Transdermal Preparation in Cows

The topical administration of the compound Chinese herbal medicine transdermal preparation has been widely used in treating the mastitis of cows. In order to understand the metabolic process, four cows suffering from clinical mastitis were selected for the pharmacokinetic study. The transdermal preparation was applied to the diseased part of breast. Then the plasma and milk samples were collected respectively at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h, The concentrations of baicalin and phillyrin in plasma and milk were determined by HPLC and the data of time-concentrations were analyzed by the pharmacokinetic software. The results showed that two ingredients in the plasma were not detectable, but they in the milk had linear relationship with the time. The peak concentration of baicalin [（2.84 ±0.15）μg mL^-1] appeared at （4.93 ± 0.35） h, AUC0.1OQ was （27.32 ± 7.91） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （28.31 ±0.49） h. The peak concentration of phillyrin [（0.49 ± 0.41） μg mL^-1] achieved at （3.68 ± 3.14） h, AUC0-LOQ was （4.10± 0.31） mg L^-1 h^-1, and the mean retention time was （14.52 ± 0.02） h. These suggested that two ingredients had slow absorbing speed and high absorbing degree. They could not be eliminated in a short time, thus exerted the topical curative effect.     

中草药添加剂对荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及抗热应激能力的影响(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of Chinese herb additive on milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow.[Method] 36 Holstein cows with similar birth order and milk yield were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups which were control group, Chinese medicine Ⅰ group and Chinese medicine Ⅱ group. In control group, cows were fed with basic feed, while in Chinese medicine Ⅰ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 4% compound Chinese herb additive and in Chinese medicine Ⅱ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 3% compound Chinese herb additive.All cows in the 3 groups were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Adding some compound Chinese herb additive into basic feed would increase milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow,besides,it also could decrease cow diseases such as cow mastitis.Chinese medicine Ⅰ would generate the highest economic benefit of practical production.[Conclusion] Adding Chinese herb additive into basic feed is an effective way for reliefing heat stress and increasing milk yield.     

Effect of Metallothionein on Cell Cycle,Apoptosis Rate and Subsets Distribution of Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood of Dairy Cattle under Heat Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to research the effect of metallothionein on cell cycle, apoptosis rate and subsets distribution of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of dairy cows under heat stress, so as to perfect the regulative mechanism re- searches of MT to anti-heat stress. [Method] Twenty lactating Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups （A, B, C and D）, and injected with 0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mg Zn-metallothionein, respectively by intravenous route. Blood sam- ples were collected at 1＂, 16~, 31~, 46~ and 61~ day, and the dynamic changes of cell cycle, apoptosis rate and subsets distribution of lymphocytes were determined. [Result] The apoptosis rate of cells in group B and C was lower than those in group A by 26.63% （P〉0.05） and 24.84% （P〉0.05） respectively. The number of cells in the Gc/G1 phage in trial groups was increased and the number of cells in the S and GJM phages tended to decrease, but there were no significant differences （P〉 0.05）. The number of CD3~ T cell in three trial groups was greater than those in group A by 7.02% （P〉0.05）, 5.45% （P〉0.05） and 3.85% （P〉0.05） respectively, while the number of CD4~ T cell in trial groups was higher than those in control group by 31.04% （P〈0.05）, 35.68% （P〈0.05） and 39.34% （P〈0.05） respectively. The number of CD8＇ T cell and the levels of CD4＊/CD8~ in trial groups were increased observ- ably, but significant difference （P〈0.05） was observed in the levels of CD4~/CD8~ between groups A and C only. It demonstrated that exogenous Zn-metallothionein can decrease apoptosis rate, improve cell cycle and regulate subsets distribution of lymphocytes in dairy cattle in a dose-dependent manner. [Conclusion] This study will provide scientific basis for safe utilization of MT in dairy industry.     

奶牛酵母菌性乳腺炎的诊治试验

[目的]采用中药方剂治疗经多种抗生素治疗无效的奶牛乳腺炎。[方法]从牛奶中分离病原真菌,进行药敏试验,确诊后使用自制"乳消汤"开展临床治疗。[结果]20例奶牛中,19例确诊为酵母菌性乳腺炎,经治疗后除1例热带念珠菌病例外全部痊愈。[结论]该研究中自制中药方剂"乳消汤"可用于酵母菌性乳腺炎的治疗。     

奶牛酵母菌性乳腺炎的诊治

探讨中药方剂在防治奶牛酵母菌性乳腺炎方面的作用,以期为治疗对抗生素产生耐药性的病例提供参考。     

消乳灵对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗效果研究

[目的]探讨中药复方制剂＂消乳灵＂治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎的效果。[方法]选择28头患隐性乳房炎的奶牛为试验动物,随机分为试验组（20头）和对照组（8头）。选用清热燥湿中药黄柏、大黄和公英经乙醇提取后加入冰片制成涂搽剂＂消乳灵＂,局部涂搽乳房治疗奶牛乳房炎,试验期为2周。[结果]涂搽＂消乳灵＂2周后乳房炎治愈率达89.47%,泌乳量显著提高（P〈0.05）;同时乳汁中体细胞数明显下降,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;血浆中SOD和GSH-Px活性极显著提高（P〈0.01）。[结论]消乳灵对奶牛乳房炎有很好的治疗效果。     

治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药组方工艺研究

[目的]研究中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的最佳制备工艺。[方法]通过设计,筛选较适宜的粉碎时间和混合比例;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)建立新中药组方有效成分的检测方法。[结果]确认了该组方最佳制备工艺为粉碎时间45 min,混合比例为1.0∶1.0∶0.4;确定有效成分中蒲公英、漏芦、当归、川芎薄层鉴别结果,供试品色谱中,均在与对照品色谱相应的位置上出现相同颜色的荧光斑点。[结论]优选粉碎时间和混合比例是组方制备的安全有效方法。建立的检测项可以用于有效成分的质量控制。     

中药复方制剂对奶牛免疫机能的影响

选取30头健康奶牛和30头隐性乳房炎奶牛进行中药复方制剂饲喂试验,对奶牛的B淋巴细胞EAC花环形成率、中性粒细胞吞噬率、中性粒细胞吞噬指数和T淋巴细胞转化率进行测定,观察中药复方制剂对奶牛免疫机能的影响.结果显示,健康奶牛的EAC花环形成率、中性粒细胞吞噬率、中性粒细胞吞噬指数、T淋巴细胞转化率均显著高于隐性乳房炎奶牛(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);中药复方制剂可以显著提高健康奶牛和隐性乳房炎奶牛的EAC花环形成率、中性粒细胞吞噬率、中性粒细胞吞噬指数、T淋巴细胞转化率(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).试验表明,中药复方制剂可以增强奶牛机体的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,促使隐性乳房炎奶牛免疫机能的恢复.     

中西药结合治疗奶牛临床性乳房炎的疗效观察

为选择有效防治奶牛乳房炎的方法,选取100头确诊患临床型乳房炎的奶牛,随机分为4个处理组,试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ、试验Ⅲ组各30头,对照组10头,试验Ⅰ组采用中药治疗,试验Ⅱ组采用西药治疗,试验Ⅲ组采用中西药结合治疗,对照组不使用任何药物,试验期为15d。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组共治愈25头,治愈率为83%;好转2头,治疗有效率达90%;试验Ⅲ组分别比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组多治愈10头和14头,治疗有效率分别高出30个百分点和47个百分点(P<0.01);②3个试验组和对照组试验前产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05);用药15d后,试验Ⅲ组提高较为明显,平均日产奶量为(32.16±5.68)kg,分别比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组提高了6.79kg和7.01kg(P<0.01);③试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组有效治疗数分别为18头、13头和27头,头均日产奶量为25.37kg、25.15kg和32.16kg,日总产奶量分别为456.66kg、326.95kg和868.32kg,试验Ⅲ组分别比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组多产411.66kg和541.37kg,收入增加1 812元和2 382元(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,中西药结合治疗奶牛乳房炎是目前最有效的方法,应大力推广。     

基于DHI的奶牛隐性乳房炎分析

[目的]分析奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生情况,为隐性乳房炎的控制提供科学依据。[方法]以3个牛场2009年DHI报告的体细胞数大小来分析隐性乳房炎在不同牛场、泌乳阶段和胎次的发生情况。[结果]不同牛场隐性乳房炎发生率存在差异,牛场1泌乳牛隐性乳房炎的发生率显著低于另外2个场（P〈0.05）。随着泌乳时间的增加,奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率呈增加的趋势,牛场3在第6、7、8和第12泌乳月隐性乳房炎的发生率显著高于其他泌乳月。随着胎次的增加,奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率呈增加趋势,牛场1在4胎以后奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率显著增加且与其他2个场差异不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率与泌乳阶段和胎次有关,与牛场自身的饲养管理有关。各个牛场应根据自身条件及DHI结果采取相应的措施控制奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生。     

中药对IBV感染雏鸡巨噬细胞吞噬指数和免疫器官指数的影响

[目的]研究中药方剂对鸡传染性支气管炎的治疗作用,为畜禽病毒病的防治开辟新的途径。[方法]将15日龄蛋公雏160只随机分为4组,即中药方剂组、病毒灵对照组,攻毒对照组和健康对照组。除健康对照组外,其余3组于15日龄攻毒,并于攻毒后48h饮水给药,连续给药5d,于18、24和30日龄测定巨噬细胞吞噬指数和免疫器官指数的变化。[结果]18日龄时,中药方剂组与病毒灵对照组比较,差异不显著,但24和30日龄时,中药方剂组各项指标显著增高（P〈0.05）,并在30日龄时与攻毒对照组呈极显著差异（P〈0.01）。[结论]中药能提高IBV感染雏鸡巨噬细胞吞噬指数和免疫器官指数。