Effect of the spray application technique on the deposition of entomopathogenic nematodes in vegetables

BACKGROUND: The present study compared entomopathogenic nematode delivery at the base of savoy cabbage and cauliflower, at the lower side of savoy cabbage and cauliflower leaves and in leek stems and the ground deposition using a five‐nozzle spray boom equipped with an ISO 08 flat fan, an air induction flat fan and Twinjet spray nozzles. Additionally, an air support system and a row application system were evaluated. RESULTS: Approximately 40% of the applied nematodes did not reach the foot of the cabbage plants. The use of an air support system or a row application system improved nematode deposition at the savoy cabbage base. Relative nematode deposition on the lower side of savoy cabbage leaves was 27.20%, while only 2.64% of the applied nematodes reached the lower side of cauliflower leaves. After spraying leek with a standard boom, a low relative nematode deposition (26.64%) was measured in the leek stem. Nozzle type affected the distribution of nematodes in droplet spots. CONCLUSION: Nozzle type has a minor effect on the number of entomopathogenic nematodes delivered on difficult‐to‐reach targets. The use of modified spray application techniques directing the spray to the target site are necessary to increase the chances of contact of entomopathogenic nematodes with their target. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of spray application technique on spray deposition in greenhouse strawberries and tomatoes

BACKGROUND: Increasingly, Flemish greenhouse growers are using spray booms instead of spray guns to apply plant protection products. Although the advantages of spray booms are well known, growers still have many questions concerning nozzle choice and settings. Spray deposition using a vertical spray boom in tomatoes and strawberries was compared with reference spray equipment. Five different settings of nozzle type, size and pressure were tested with the spray boom. RESULTS: In general, the standard vertical spray boom performed better than the reference spray equipment in strawberries (spray gun) and in tomatoes (air‐assisted sprayer). Nozzle type and settings significantly affected spray deposition and crop penetration. Highest overall deposits in strawberries were achieved using air‐inclusion or extended‐range nozzles. In tomatoes, the extended‐range nozzles and the twin air‐inclusion nozzles performed best. Using smaller‐size extended‐range nozzles above the recommended pressure range resulted in lower deposits, especially inside the crop canopy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a vertical spray boom is a promising technique for applying plant protection products in a safe and efficient way in tomatoes and strawberries, and nozzle choice and setting should be carefully considered. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

冠层推拨装置对喷杆喷雾机雾滴飘失与沉积特性的影响

喷杆喷雾机具有作业效率高、雾滴覆盖率高、沉积分布均匀、防治效果好等优点,是目前大田作物最主要的施药机具.但受作物冠层遮挡和侧风等气象条件的影响,导致喷杆喷雾机作业时雾滴难以穿透到植株中下部并伴随飘失.为改善喷杆喷雾机喷雾雾滴在作物冠层的穿透性并降低飘移量,本文优化设计了一种适用于大田作物的喷杆喷雾机冠层推拨装置.并分别...     

农药有效利用率与喷雾技术优化

提高农药的有效利用率是植保工作者非常关心的问题。本文阐述了农药有效利用率的广义和狭义涵义,并分析了农药使用中存在的药剂浪费、有效利用率低的问题。根据喷雾技术中的“剂量传递”过程,分析了农药有效利用率的狭义涵义,在春季果园和作物苗期,常规喷雾法的农药有效利用率只有20%~30%;在夏秋季果园和作物中后期,随着作物叶面积系数（LAI）的增加,农药的有效利用率可达到50%~60%。论文分析了造成农药有效利用率低的原因,提出喷雾技术的优化措施：（1）大田喷雾时采用机动喷杆喷雾替代背负式手动常规喷雾,可以改善雾滴沉积分布的均匀性;（2）添加喷雾助剂可以提高药液在靶标表面的润湿性;（3）优化雾滴粒径,采用细雾滴替代粗雾滴可以提高雾滴的中靶率;（4）降低施药液量可以减少药液流失;（5）加装挡板可以减少雾滴飘失等。通过以上技术的优化,可以大幅度提高农药的有效利用率,达到减量增效的目的。     

多喷头组合喷雾防治棉花害虫效果研究

本文在喷杆喷雾机上优化喷洒装置,采用多喷头组合喷雾,设计了双扇面喷雾的吊杆喷雾装置,对单一扇形雾喷头、双扇形雾喷头组合、双扇面吊杆喷雾进行了大田试验,数据结果显示:标准扇形雾喷头ST110-04(德国Lechler)+双扇面吊杆的喷雾效果最好,在冠层上中下不同部位的沉积变异系数为28.4%,在棉花冠层下部的覆盖率达到50.92%,虫口减退率超过85.0%;标准扇形雾喷头和防飘喷头组合ST110-02+IDK120-02(德国Lechler)喷雾效果其次;单一喷头喷雾在冠层下部的覆盖率较小,为33.14%,虫口减退率(红蜘蛛)为77.3%。双扇面组合喷雾与单扇面喷雾相比有显著性差异,不同类型喷头组合的喷雾性能优于其他类型喷头。     

不同助剂、喷头及喷雾压力对自走式喷杆喷雾机稻田喷雾效果的影响

以亿丰丸山3WP-500CN型号自走式喷杆喷雾机为研究对象,以诱惑红85作为指示剂,测定了6种喷雾助剂 (红太阳、倍力、迈丝、融透、印楝油和哈速腾)、3种喷头 (TEEJET-VP80015、ASJ-VP110015和LICHENG-VP11003) 以及3种喷雾压力 (0.2、0.4 和0.6 MPa) 对农药沉积利用率、药液雾化性能 (D₅₀值雾滴密度等)、雾滴分布均匀性等喷雾参数的影响,以及240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头,在0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下,助剂哈速腾雾滴分布均匀性显著高于其他助剂,变异系数为0.11,同时对雾滴估计沉积量 (45.74 μL/cm2) 与分布跨度 (1.29) 的影响显著高于其他助剂;助剂迈丝对雾滴密度 (103.78个/cm2) 和农药沉积利用率 (83.88%) 的影响均显著高于其他助剂。采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头,在未添加助剂条件下,不同喷雾压力对雾滴分布跨度、雾滴附着率和农药沉积利用率影响差异显著,其中在0.6 MPa压力下,分布跨度为1.18,雾滴附着率为33.32%,农药沉积利用率为78.19%。在未添加助剂、0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下,喷头LICHENG-VP11003对雾滴分布均匀性的影响显著高于另外两种喷头,变异系数为0.12,同时对雾滴覆盖率 (69.37%)、雾滴估计沉积量 (42.77 μL/cm2) 和农药沉积利用率 (75.79%) 的影响也显著高于另外两种喷头。各测定条件下,240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果与雾化性能和雾化参数结果一致,其中添加助剂迈丝后防治效果达到89.27%,显著高于添加其他助剂,增大喷雾压力到0.6 MPa,防治效果达到88.67%,显著高于其他压力条件;采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头,在0.4 MPa喷雾压力下,水稻产量为8301 kg/hm2,显著高于人工喷雾。因此,助剂与喷头类型均对自走式喷杆喷雾机施药时的农药沉积利用率、雾滴分布均匀性以及雾滴参数和雾化效果有显著的影响,在适当的喷雾压力下添加助剂可提高农药的防治效果。     

氟虫腈药液在水稻叶片上的沉积特性研究

以氟虫腈悬浮剂为研究对象探讨了药液在水稻叶片上的沉积特性。随着雾流方向角增大,药液在稻叶上的沉积量显著增加,雾流方向角为30°、45°与60°处理时药液的沉积量分别比0°处理者提高了16.6％、39.3％与70.1％。随着雾滴体积中径(VMD)增大,氟虫腈药液在稻叶上的沉积量降低,VMD为157.3、193.2、215.4、233.7 μm 处理的药液沉积量分别比VMD 149.5 μm处理降低了16.2％、39.1％、49.5％与66.4％。施药液量少于339 L/hm2时,药液在稻叶上的沉积效率较高,为25.6％ ~28.1％,药液在稻叶上的最大稳定持留量约为 1.42 μL/cm2。较少施药液量和较小雾滴的处理,加入有机硅(150 g/hm2)后药液的沉积量可提高80％ ~150％,但施药液量增加至694.5 L/hm2 (VMD 233.7 μm)时,药液沉积量未增加。根据本实验结果,施药时采用较小雾滴和较少施药液量,雾流方向角45°~60°,并加入有机硅作为喷雾助剂,药液在稻叶上的沉积效率较高。     

飞防助剂和施药液量对植保无人飞机喷施雾滴沉积和棉花蓟马防效的影响

为明确飞防助剂和施药液量对植保无人飞机喷施在棉花冠层的雾滴沉积和对棉花上蓟马防效的影响,选择倍达通、功倍、杰效丰和迈丝4种飞防助剂,设置3种施药液量,通过田间试验研究了植保无人飞机喷施25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂后其在棉花冠层的雾滴密度、覆盖率、沉积量和雾滴均匀性以及对棉花上蓟马的防效。结果表明,4种飞防助剂和3种施药液量对植保无人飞机喷施的雾滴沉积和蓟马防效均有显著影响。增加施药液量可显著增加雾滴在棉花冠层的密度与覆盖率,添加飞防助剂对雾滴密度的提升效果显著。4种助剂对农药雾滴在棉花冠层上、中、下部的覆盖率的影响趋势较为一致,与棉花冠层上部相比,对中、下部位覆盖率的影响较低。施药液量为2 L/667 m²时,添加倍达通、功倍、杰效丰、迈丝及无助剂对照的雾滴穿透性分别为46.0%、49.1%、33.6%、36.1%和44.3%,该施药液量下各处理雾滴穿透性均较好。随着施药液量增加,药后1、3、7 d对棉花蓟马的防效也显著提升。在相同施药液量下,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂药液中添加飞防助剂倍达通和杰效丰相较于功倍和迈丝,对棉花蓟马具有更高的防治效果。试验结果为植保无人飞机防治...     

Field evaluation of a self-propelled sprayer and effects of the application rate on spray deposition and losses to the ground in greenhouse tomato crops

BACKGROUND: In the greenhouses of south‐eastern Spain, plant protection products are applied using mainly sprayers at high pressures and high volumes. This results in major losses on the ground and less than uniform spray deposition on the canopy. Recently, self‐propelled vehicles equipped with vertical spray booms have appeared on the market. In this study, deposition on the canopy and the losses to the ground at different spray volumes have been compared, using a self‐propelled vehicle with vertical spray booms versus a gun sprayer. Three different spray volumes have been tested with a boom sprayer, and two with a spray gun. RESULTS: The vehicle with the vertical spray boom gave similar depositions to those made with the gun, but at lower application volumes. Also, the distribution of the vertical spray boom was more uniform, with lower losses to the ground. CONCLUSIONS: The vertical spray booms used in tomato crops improve the application of plant protection products with respect to the spray gun, reducing the application volumes and the environmental risks of soil pollution. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

植保施药机械喷雾雾滴飘移研究进展

中国农药产品80％以上通过喷雾方式施用,药液从喷头到靶标作物过程中产生的随风飘移和蒸发飘移是农药造成人畜健康风险、生态环境破坏的重要因素之一.随着航空施药技术的发展,解决或减少喷雾雾滴飘移的问题成为施药技术研究的重点和热点.基于此,本文分别从喷雾雾滴(尺寸分布、黏度、表面张力、蒸气压、挥发性、密度等)、喷雾模式(喷头类...     

离心雾化低容量喷杆喷雾与常量喷雾对比研究

为探究装配离心雾化喷头的喷杆喷雾机在小麦田植保作业中的适用性,研发了一种基于低容量离心雾化技术的喷杆喷雾机(BSC),以添加诱惑红示踪剂的3种药剂（5%己唑醇悬浮剂、40%氧乐果乳油和50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂）的混合复配制剂为供试药液,与装配液力式喷头的背负式喷雾器(KSH)、喷杆喷雾机(BSH)以及装配离心雾化喷头的背负式喷雾器(KSC)进行田间施药对比试验,分析了4种机具的主要作业效果指标——雾滴沉积分布均匀性、小麦冠层药液穿透性、作业效率以及防治效果。结果表明:对于沉积均匀性,离心雾化低容量喷杆喷雾与常量喷雾无显著性差异,而装配离心雾化喷头的背负式喷雾器的沉积均匀性低于其他3种机具;与常量喷雾相比,离心雾化方式有效提高了药液的冠层穿透性,最多可提高2.9倍;与常量喷杆、低容量离心背负和常量背负式喷雾器相比,低容量离心喷杆喷雾机的作业效率分别提高0.5倍、5.6倍和18.6倍;对比空白处理,低容量离心喷雾和常量喷雾方式防治效果显著,但两者之间无显著性差异。该研究可为低容量施药技术、超低容量施药技术和离心雾化技术在喷杆喷雾机上的应用提供参考。     

喷雾参数对自走式喷杆喷雾机稻田喷雾农药利用率及雾滴沉积分布的影响

比较在不同喷雾压力和施药液量条件下,采用自走式喷杆喷雾机在水稻分蘖期、孕穗期、扬花期进行喷雾处理的农药利用率、沉积分布均匀性及水稻茎基部雾滴密度的差异,为建立自走式喷杆喷雾机在稻田的高效施药技术提供理论依据。以生物染料丽春红-G作为农药示踪剂,估测不同喷雾参数的农药利用率,并用变异系数、绝对份额比例值比较农药分布的均匀性。同时通过水敏纸收集水稻基部雾滴密度,分析不同喷雾参数下农药雾滴穿透水稻冠层的能力。结果表明:在水稻分蘖期,采用自走式喷杆喷雾机在喷雾压力为1.2 MPa、施药液量为375 L/hm^2条件下喷雾,每个采样点的丽春红-G的平均沉积量仅为0.11 mg,与喷雾压力为0.4 MPa、施药液量为300 L/hm^2条件下喷雾的沉积量相比减少了56.00%。在水稻孕穗期,当喷雾压力为1.2 MPa、施药液量为375 L/hm^2时进行喷雾处理,每个采样点的丽春红-G的平均沉积量达0.26 mg,显著高于其他4个处理。在水稻扬花期,不同喷雾参数间的沉积量差距减小。在合适的喷雾压力和施药液量时,自走式喷杆喷雾机在水稻分蘖期、孕穗期和扬花期进行喷雾处理,农药利用率分别达到40.57%、54.97%和55.50%。综合变异系数和绝对份额比例两个指标,采用自走式喷杆喷雾机在喷雾压力为0.8 MPa、施药液量为300 L/hm^2条件下喷雾,农药分布更均匀。喷雾压力对水稻基部雾滴密度有显著影响,在水稻生长中后期,当喷雾压力低于0.8 MPa、施药液量为225~375 L/hm^2时,水稻茎秆基部雾滴密度均小于30个/cm^2。研究结果表明,喷雾压力和施药液量对自走式喷杆喷雾机稻田喷雾的农药利用率、分布均匀性及水稻茎秆基部雾滴密度有显著影响。在水稻生长前期,不宜采用高压力大水量喷雾作业;在水稻生长中后期,为增加对水稻基部病虫害的防治效果,需提高喷雾压力。     

Effect of spray volume on the deposition, viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in a foliar spray on vegetables

BACKGROUND: Spray volume can influence the amount of free water on the leaf surface and subsequently the ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to move. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of spray volume (548, 730 and 1095 L ha⁻¹) on the deposition, viability and infectivity of EPNs against Galleria mellonella on savoy cabbage, cauliflower and leek. RESULTS: Increasing spray volume decreased nematode deposition on 7.1 cm² leek leaf discs at a 15° angle with the spray nozzle. Although the number of living nematodes observed on leek after 240 min of exposure was not significantly different between the low-volume application (548 L ha⁻¹) and the high-volume application (1095 L ha⁻¹), a greater infectivity was obtained in the latter application. The higher number of droplets deposited on the leek discs in the high-volume application may have stimulated nematode movement. No significant effect of spray volume was observed on the relative deposition of Steinernema carpocapsae on the bottom side of cauliflower and savoy cabbage leaf discs. In spite of the low S. carpocapsae deposition on the bottom side of the savoy cabbage discs, high infectivity was obtained against G. mellonella. Using the lowest spray volume on savoy cabbage, infectivity decreased with increasing exposure time, while infectivity was not affected by exposure time when a spray volume of 730 L ha⁻¹ or more was used. CONCLUSION: Spray volume is an important application parameter, as it affects nematode infectivity. Future research should investigate the effect of spray volume in the field and its influence on the effect of adjuvants. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

喷洒部件及喷雾助剂对担架式喷雾机在桃园喷雾中的雾滴沉积分布的影响

采用诱惑红为指示剂研究测定了喷洒部件以及喷雾助剂Silwet408对电动担架式喷雾机在桃园喷雾中的雾滴沉积分布的影响,试验结果表明：采用喷枪大容量喷雾,当施药液量为250 L/667 m2时,有35.2%的药液流失到地面,喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层内膛和外膛的上/下层沉积比分别为0.59和0.62;当在喷雾液添加0.1%的Silwet408并把施药液量降低到125 L/667 m2时,药液在地面的流失率减少到21.2%,喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层内膛和外膛的上/下层沉积比分别为1.28和1.19,沉积分布均匀性明显提高。采用装配小喷片的组合喷头喷雾,当施药液量为250 L/667 m2时,有28.4%的药液流失到地面,当在喷雾液添加0.1% 的Silwet408并把施药液量降低到185 L/667m2时,喷雾压力分别为0.25 Mpa和0.35 Mpa时,药液在地面的流失率分别减少到18.5%和8.6%。研究测定结果表明,通过更换喷洒部件、增加喷雾压力、减少施药液量、添加喷雾助剂等措施可以显著减少果园喷雾中的药液流失率、提高喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层的沉积分布均匀性。     

植保无人机施药沉积飘移监测系统设计与应用

为提升植保无人机施药沉积飘移监测智能化水平,研发植保无人机施药沉积飘移监测系统,该系统机载监测终端实时获取药械状态参数、植保无人机状态参数及位置参数,通过数据处理服务系统将其发送至平台软件,基于作业参数利用沉积飘移预测模型实时监测药液沉积区域及飘移范围。该系统同时具有作业面积计量、飞行轨迹回溯、作业质量空间分析等功能。2015年4月于山东省威海市文登区泽头镇眠虎岭区域对该系统进行性能测试,植保无人机规划靶区作业面积为433 hm²,最终监测作业面积为405 hm²,施药覆盖率为93.5%;施药过程中实时监测沉积区域和飘移范围,受环境侧风影响,药液最大飘移距离可达40 m,系统整体达到预期设计要求。截至目前该系统已在山东、安徽、江苏、云南、河南、浙江、天津等多个省市应用。     

喷雾参数及助剂类型对植保无人飞机在棉花中期喷雾雾滴沉积分布的影响

采用大疆MG-1P型电动四旋翼植保无人飞机在棉花生长中期进行喷雾施药处理,探讨了喷雾参数及添加的助剂类型对农药雾滴在棉花植株叶片上沉积分布的影响。以22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂及3种飞防助剂(倍达通、ND-800和G-2801)为试验药剂,在不同喷雾参数及飞防助剂条件下在棉花生长中期进行喷雾处理,以诱惑红作为药剂沉积指示剂,采用雾滴测试卡和滤纸检测雾滴沉积分布情况,利用分光光度计测定滤纸洗脱溶液的吸光度值,计算单位面积的药液沉积量,利用DepositScan软件分析雾滴密度。结果显示:植保无人飞机的飞行速度对雾滴沉积分布的影响最大,而飞行高度则对其无显著影响。添加不同助剂对棉花植株叶片正反面的雾滴沉积分布影响不同:3种助剂均可使棉花冠层上、中、下部叶片正面的雾滴密度显著提高;而对于叶片反面,则仅添加ND-800后棉花冠层上、中、下部叶片反面的雾滴密度分别增长688.9%、590.9%和327.5%,而添加G-2801与倍达通助剂则无显著影响。     

松脂二烯喷雾助剂制备及应用性能

为拓展松脂二烯应用,探究了松脂二烯喷雾助剂(PA)的制备与应用性能.以Vapor Gard(VG)为对比,分别测定了两种松脂二烯喷雾助剂不同稀释倍数下的表面张力及在山核桃和红叶石楠叶片上的静态接触角,并利用扫描电镜观察了两种助剂在红叶石楠叶片上的成膜形态.采用植保无人飞机喷雾,研究了戊唑醇药液中添加两种松脂二烯喷雾助剂...     

Development and assessment of a novel servo-controlled spraying system for real time adjustment of the orientation angle of the nozzles of a boom sprayer

Background

Pesticide spray drift, which is the movement of pesticide by wind to any location other than the intended area, is hazardous to human, animal, food safety and environmental health. It is not possible to completely eliminate spray drift during spraying with field crop sprayers, but spray drift can be reduced by developing new technologies. The most common methods to reduce spray drift are carrying the droplets to the target with air-assisted spraying, electrostatic spraying, preferring air induction nozzles and boom shields. With these methods, it is not possible to make a change on the sprayer depending on the wind intensity during spraying. In this study, a novel servo-controlled spraying system was designed and developed to change the nozzle orientation angle in the reverse direction of the wind current to reduce the ground spray drift in real time and automatically in a wind tunnel. The displacement in the spray pattern (D_c) was used as a ground drift indicator for each nozzle to evaluate the spray drift.

Results

The developed system, operated by LabVIEW software, calculated different nozzle orientation angles depending on nozzle types, wind velocities and spraying pressures. Orientation angles calculated for different test conditions achieved in reduction were up to 49.01% for XR11002 nozzle, 32.82% for AIXR11002 nozzle and 32.31% for TTJ6011002 nozzle at 400 kPa spray pressure and 2.5 m s⁻¹ wind velocity.

Conclusion

The developed system, which has a self-decision mechanism, calculated the nozzle orientation angle instantaneously according to the wind velocity. It has been observed that the adjustable spraying nozzle system, sprayed with high precision towards the wind in the wind tunnel, and the developed system have advantages compared to conventional spraying systems. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

大载荷油动植保无人机喷雾参数对棕榈树冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

对使用大载荷油动植保无人机对棕榈树进行喷施作业的效果进行了评价, 探讨了植保无人机喷洒参数对棕榈树上雾滴沉积的影响。以大载荷油动植保无人机为研究对象, 进行了正交试验, 考察了3个因素:飞行高度、飞行速度和喷头流量。经过试验比较, 当喷头流量为3.4 L/min、作业高度为3 m、作业速度为3 m/s时, 雾滴沉积密度和均匀性最佳。其中, 喷头流量对雾滴沉积密度的影响最大, 其次是作业高度和作业速度; 在穿透性方面, 喷头流量为3.4 L/min、作业高度为4 m、作业速度为4 m/s和喷头流量为4.2 L/min、作业高度为4 m、作业速度为3 m/s, 其雾滴的穿透性较强, 分别为15.83%和30.01%。影响雾滴沉积穿透性的因素依次为喷头流量、作业高度和作业速度。本试验对大载荷油动植保无人机在棕榈树合理喷施和提高喷施效果方面具有参考价值。     

喷雾量及助剂对棉花苗期植保无人飞机作业效果的影响

采用大疆MG-1P型植保无人飞机在棉花苗期进行喷雾,探讨喷雾量及助剂对农药在棉花上的沉积分布及对棉蚜防治效果的影响。以5%啶虫脒乳油为试验药剂,在3个喷雾量(15.0、22.5和30.0 L/hm²)及添加2种飞防助剂(YS09和倍达通)条件下进行喷雾,以诱惑红为雾滴沉积和农药利用率测定的指示剂,采用Deposit-Scan软件分析雾滴密度和雾滴覆盖率。结果表明：采用植保无人飞机施药,棉花叶片上的雾滴密度和覆盖率随着喷雾量的增加而提高,其中,喷雾量为30.0 L/hm²时叶片正面和背面的雾滴密度最高,分别为43.42和58.04个/cm²,雾滴覆盖率分别为6.44%和6.34%。3个喷雾量下农药沉积率分别为3.53%、3.70%和4.00%,低于背负式电动喷雾器喷雾处理,药后1～3 d对棉蚜的防效也低于背负式电动喷雾器喷雾处理。喷雾量为22.5 L/hm²时,添加助剂YS09和倍达通对叶片上雾滴密度、雾滴覆盖率及农药利用率无显著影响,但可提高对棉蚜的防效,药后1 d防效为86.24%和84.40%,...