基于TM数据估测鞍山市不同林分蓄积量

文章以鞍山市2006年Landsat TM数据和ASTER DEM高程数据为数据源,在提取出波段1~5、7这6个波段后,通过波段运算、缨帽变换、主成分分析等方法获取差值植被指数、土壤调节植被指数、大气阻抗植被指数、垂直植被指数、归一化差值植被指数、比值植被指数等,以及亮度、绿度,前3个主成分等24个变量因子。基于这些变量因子和采样点数据,通过逐步回归模型选择最优模型并估测鞍山市不同林分蓄积量。鞍山市总蓄积量估测模型的相关系数R2是0.73,通过进行交叉验证,发现实测蓄积量和交叉估测值之间的相关系数R2是0.58。基于2007年的森林资源规划设计调查,从森林中提取出针叶林和阔叶林,分不同林分建立蓄积量估测模型;针叶林蓄积量、阔叶林蓄积量估测模型的相关系数R2分别是0.73和0.75。     

基于Landsat影像的土地覆盖变化信息提取方法研究——以贵阳市为例

基于贵阳市中部地区2017年和2019年Landsat8 OIL地表反射率数据,采用图像差值法、归一化植被指数差值法、主成分分析差值法3种方法进行土地覆盖变化信息的提取.精度评价结果表明:主成分分析差值法虽然漏检率高于归一化植被指数差值法,但正检率和错检率均明显优于其他2种方法,是3种方法中更适合该研究区提取土地覆盖变...     

基于3S技术和SPSS软件的香格里拉市森林蓄积量估测探析

以香格里拉市的森林作为研究对象,森林资源规划设计调查角规控制样地蓄积量为实测数据参照,美国Landsat8卫星遥感图像为矢量数据来源,通过对遥感图像进行处理,获取了多光谱影像的波段光谱值,运用SPSS软件以组合植被指数(DVI、RVI、ARVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、多波段线性组合指数(VIS123)为自变量,建立了蓄积量估测模型,探索了将纹理特征应用到森林蓄积量估测提供新的途径和方法。从结果与验证可以看出:利用Landsat8全色波段的纹理特征建模进行蓄积量估测是可行的,能够达到对蓄积量估测的精度要求,具有良好的应用前景。     

樟树幼林生物化学参数与高光谱遥感特征参数相关分析

高光谱遥感在植被研究中的应用使定量估算植被的生物化学参数和生物物理参数成为可能.分析了樟树幼林生物化学参数与高光谱特征变量之间的相关关系.结果表明:樟树幼林的大部分生物化学参数(叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量和总磷含量)与高光谱遥感特征参数(蓝边内最大的一阶微分、绿峰反射率、红边位置、蓝边面积、绿峰反射率和红谷反射率构成的比值与归一化植被指数、红边面积和蓝边面积构成的比值和归一化植被指数)之间的相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平;纤维素、总氮含量与高光谱特征参数的相关系数没有达到显著性检验水平.因此,可以利用相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平的高光谱特征参数建立樟树幼林生物化学参数的高光谱遥感估算模型.     

北京延庆县植被恢复动态遥感监测研究

探讨了利用ETM＋数据得到归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据进行植被变化监测的方法,并以京津风沙源治理工程试验点延庆县为例,利用1999、2002、2006年ETM＋数据,分析了该区1999年至2006年间植被指数的变化情况.结果表明：7年来,农田植被呈现先快速减少,后期又增加的趋势;高盖度植被面积呈现增加趋势,增加了36353.16hm^2;中盖度植被面积呈减少的趋势,减少了38352.9hm^2;低盖度植被面积呈现增加趋势,增加了7029.45hm^2.1999年至2006年间,延庆县不同植被盖度有增有减,但总的趋势是增加的.     

大兴安岭南段阔叶次生林生物量遥感模型研究

应用遥感技术对大兴安岭南段次生阔叶林生物量进行估测,融合2009年8月的SPOT及同期TM影像,结合DEM等资料,利用多源信息复合处理方法,在ENVI软件中计算归一化植被指数、比值植被指数,同时引入海拔、坡度、坡向与阔叶林生物量估测相关的因子,依据地面森林样地生物量实测数据,运用多元回归分析方法,建立阔叶林生物量遥感估测模型B=13220.418-(254.645S+7.218A+46.679RVI)。经过模型检验,各统计量均在合理范围之内,建立的多元回归生物量遥感估测值与实测值平均相对误差≤17.14%,模型预测结果合理精度较高,可用于赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区阔叶林生物量预测,同时为大兴安岭南段阔叶次生林生物量的遥感估测奠定基础。     

云阴影区机载高光谱影像森林树种分类

[目的]使用窄波段植被指数、纹理信息等特征对影像进行分类,探究植被指数和纹理信息对于云阴影下树种分类的潜力。[方法]使用经过大气校正后的高光谱影像进行窄波段植被指数的计算、纹理分析以及主成分分析,并对计算的结果进行波段组合。用于计算纹理信息的波段通过最佳指示因子进行选择,选取的波段数为31(0.67 nm),51(0.86 nm),55(0.89 nm) 3个波段。结合高分辨率的航空相片进行训练样本的选择,采用Support Vector Machine(SVM)方法对经过大气校正后的反射率影像和重组后的特征影像分别进行分类,使用样地实测的树种信息对分类结果进行验证,使用总体精度和Kappa系数作为分类精度的评价指标。[结果]相对于直接使用反射率影像进行分类,使用窄波段植被指数以及纹理信息可以显著地提高云阴影下地物的分类精度,其分类精度和Kappa系数分别为90.4%和0.88,比直接使用反射率影像的分类精度和Kappa系数分别提高了18%和0.2。[结论]使用重新组合后的影像进行树种分类比直接使用反射率影像进行分类,其分类精度更高,说明窄波段植被指数与纹理特征可以提高云阴影区树种分类的精度。使用波段重组后的影像对云阴影下地物分类,其对于单个地物的分类精度也有明显的提高。     

热带原始森林类型分类和蓄积量遥感反演研究

森林生态系统蓄积量的空间分布及反演研究对碳储量估测、生物多样性保护以及全球气候变化研究起着至关重要的作用,然而,由于森林植被类型的多样性,尤其是对人力所不能及的热带原始林区,森林调查数据缺失,森林蓄积量的估测和反演存在巨大挑战。以巴布亚新几内亚西塞皮克省18.80万hm~2的热带原始雨林区为研究区,利用高分遥感影像RapidEye,QuickBird与Landsat TM,结合野外地面调查数据,对研究区土地覆盖类型进行分类。基于遥感影像得到森林植被参数信息,提取各波段地表反射率、各种植被指数和其他光谱变换形式等遥感因子,利用多元线性逐步回归构建森林蓄积量遥感反演模型,估算研究区森林蓄积量,并结合GIS技术分析其小班尺度上的空间分布特征。结果显示:1)研究区土地覆盖类型可以分为低海拔平原森林、低海拔高地森林、低山森林、稀疏森林、沼泽森林和其它类型共6种,分类精度达79.2%;2)蓄积量遥感反演模型的多元回归模型R~2为0.694,对森林蓄积量有较好的反演精度;3)研究区森林蓄积量的分布特点表现为中部高于周边、北部和中东部山区明显高于西北和东南地区,其与研究区的土地覆盖类型分布相对应。构建的森林蓄积量反演模型对全球热带原始林区的森林资源蓄积量估测具有重要的参考价值。     

基于Landsat遥感影像的杨树信息提取方法分析

该文使用近10 a 4个时相的江苏全省Landsat遥感影像,在数据预处理的基础上提取归一化植被指数、比值植被指数、土壤调节植被指数、增强型植被指数、大气阻抗植被指数等5种植被指数,并进行主成分分析。运用最大似然法、随机森林法和光谱角填图法进行分类,结合小班数据,对各方法的分类结果进行精度评价。评价结果表明,光谱角填图分类法在杨树信息提取时精度更高,对杨树的区分精度也达到42.67%。     

基于GIS和RS的广州市森林植被分类研究

首先对森林植被类型分类方法的研究概况进行了综述，提出采用植被指数进行植被分类，根据广州市中心城区植被冠层反射率数据，通过对多种植被指数的计算和分析，得出植被指数和植被类型的关系。进而对TM影像数据处理。得出广州市中心城区森林植被分类情况。     

Differences in spectral trajectory with stand volume development between Japanese larch and Japanese oak in Hokkaido,Japan

Our objective was to investigate the differences in the spectral trajectory of the LANDSAT Thematic Mapper with stand volume development between Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula) in the experimental forest of Kyushu University, Hokkaido, Japan. We used nonlinear regression and a categorical variable to investigate the relationship between spectral reflectance factor and stand volume for each forest type. This research showed that the reflectance factor of Japanese larch and Japanese oak reached saturation and that both forest types had different spectral trajectories with stand development. In addition, we found that middle of development stage (stand volume was between 100 and 200 m³/ha) of each forest type had similarity in reflectance factor.     

ERS－1SAR影像森林应用研究初探*

本研究利用１９９２年成像的覆盖山东省烟台地区的ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ和ＴＭ资料开展工作。研究中首先将这两种遥感资料进行了几何精纠正和与地形图的配准，尔后，用典型相关分析法对遥感资料（ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ、ＴＭ３、ＴＭ４和ＴＭ７）与森林参数（包括平均树高、胸径、枝下高、冠层厚度和郁闭度）间进行了相关分析研究，结果表明，Ｃ波段的ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ资料与森林冠层厚度和平均树高相关程度较高；森林参数综合因子对ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ影像的影响大于对所用ＴＭ波段的影响，说明ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ资料在森林应用中，对森林参数乃至于森林蓄积量的估测是有潜力的。     

Image-based reflectance conversion of ASTER and IKONOS imagery as precursor to structural assessment of plantation forests in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

Reflectance-converted imagery is a requirement for establishing temporally robust remote sensing algorithms, given the reduction of time-specific atmospheric effects. Thus, in this study image-based atmospheric correction methods for ASTER and IKONOS imagery for retrieving surface reflectance of plantation forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were evaluated. This effort formed part of a larger initiative that focused on retrieval of forest structural attributes from resultant reflectance imagery. Atmospheric correction methods in this study included the apparent reflectance model (AR), dark object subtraction model (DOS), and the cosine approximation model (COST). Spectral signatures derived from different image-based models for ASTER and IKONOS were inspected visually as first departure. This was followed by comparison of the total accuracy and Kappa index computed from supervised classification of images that were derived from different image-based atmospheric correction of ASTER and IKONOS imagery. The classification accuracy of DOS images derived from ASTER and IKONOS imagery exhibited percentages of 93.3% and 94.7%, respectively. Classification accuracies for images from AR and COST, on the other hand, resulted in lower accuracy values of 87.9% and 83.6% for ASTER and 90.5% and 92.8% for IKONOS, respectively. We concluded that the image-based DOS model was better suited to atmospheric correction for ASTER and IKONOS imagery in this study area and for the purpose of forest structural assessment. This has important implications for the operational use of similar imagery types for forest inventory approaches.     

白龙江中上游林区华北落叶松人工林一元立木材积模型研究

在白龙江中上游林区华北落叶松人工林中,建立胸径与树高相关关系,应用形数法、一元材积公式法和二元材积公式法分别建立了6种立木材积模型,经材积系统偏差分析和材积误差分析后,从中筛选出V模(v)=0.012 067-0.003 397D+0.000 582D2作为该林区华北落叶松人工林一元立木材积模型,其误差为1.409 0...     

News and Views

New forest inventory methods must be developed in order to create good conditions for decision‐making regarding ecological and economical issues in forestry. There are good field measurement methods to use, but they are often very expensive. Coherent all radio band sensing (CARABAS) is a newly developed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. It differs significantly from the earlier SARs by using longer wavelengths. The CARABAS sensor is more adapted to the scatterers of interest in the forest, due to its longer wavelengths. In this study, CARABAS imagery is compared with forest tree volume. Regression analysis was used to relate radar backscattering to forest tree volume. Due to the large range of incidence angle (45°‐68°), the CARABAS image had to be radiometrically relative‐calibrated. Radar backscattering from five forest stands with similar volume contents were plotted against the distance from the sensor. The plot revealed a linear relationship between these variables. By linear regression on that material the other pixels were relative‐calibrated in the image. Finally, radar backscattering was related to forest stand volumes by using linear regression. The results showed that the backscattering component of the CARABAS imagery is highly correlated to forest tree volume (R² = 74.9%). In this material, there seemed to be no saturation level of the backscattering component up to 300 m³ ha^?1.     

应用3S技术研究厦门市森林生态网络布局

该文探讨了3S技术在厦门市森林生态网络体系中的应用方法和手段,从整体上提高了厦门市生态环境建设的水平。本文可为相同自然条件和社会务件的城市森林生态建设提供参考。       

森林叶绿素含量的高光谱遥感估算模型的建立

高光谱遥感提供一个通过窄波段的地物光谱反射率、诊断和检测植被叶绿素光谱特征波段的手段,为精确反演森林叶绿素含量提供更高光谱分辨率的数据。利用Epp-2000地物光谱仪测量叶片的反射光谱,并用SPAD-502对观测叶片进行叶绿素含量的同步测量;采用统计相关分析方法,分析叶片反射光谱、光谱特征参数及其各种植被指数与叶片叶绿素含量的相关关系,并建立相应的估算模型。结果表明：叶绿素含量的敏感性参数分别为Diff（R749）、Log（R466）、红边参数RVP以及比值叶绿素指数PSSR。通过多元统计回归分析,剔除不相关和存在共线性的参数后,得到叶绿素含量的估算模型为：SPAD=54．559—0．865×PSSR＋65．146×Diff（R749）-6．030×Log（R466）-0．238×RVP模型及其参数均通过统计检验,模型的决定系数砰达到0．812,均方根误差RMSE=13．35379,模型精度为88．743258％。     

运用数量化方法估测普洱县森林蓄积量

根据普洱县森林遥感调查资料 ,利用卫星影像特征判读数据与地面实测数据建立数学类型 ,估测森林蓄积量。首先将 2 0 0块有、疏林地数据输入数据本中 ,然后分析其与优势树种、龄组、郁闭度、海拔、坡向、坡度的关系 ,结果把样地分为针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林三个类型分别建立数学模型 ,以估测每公顷蓄积量。数学模型的建立是根据数量化模型的原理来编程 ,并通过计算机的不断调试 ,直到可行为止。蓄积量比较精度达到 90 3%。     

基于遥感技术的宜良县云南松蓄积量反演

以云南省宜良森林二类调查数据为样本,基于Google Earth Engine云平台Landsat 8 OLI影像,结合植被因子、纹理特征以及K-T变化为自变量,构建了多元线性回归和随机森林的建模方法,建立了森林蓄积量反演模型.以宜良县云南松为研究对象,运用Landsat8 OLI遥感影像数据结合地面角规控制样地调查数...     

An assessment of Hawaiian dry forest condition with fine resolution remote sensing

Remote sensing offers the potential to spatially map forest cover quickly and reliably for inventory purposes. We developed a new image analysis approach using an integrated methodology of “object-based” image classification techniques and field-based measurements to quantify forest cover in a degraded dry forest ecosystem on the leeward side of the Island of Hawaii. This new approach explicitly recognized the transitional areas between tree crowns and tree shades (tree shadows) as a unique class and fully utilized them for the quantification of canopy cover. Object-oriented classification of Ikonos-2 satellite images allowed delineation of tree shades and crowns and the transitional areas between them from objects with similar reflectance and size that were surrounding the trees. These included patches of fountain (Pennisetum setaceum) and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) grass, lava outcrops and lava–grass mixtures. Crown-shade transitions were clearly differentiated in spite of their wide range of spectral values and reflectance similarities with areas of lava–grass mixture. Segments representing tree shades and dark lava outcrops were also classified into their respective classes even if they were contiguous. The image estimates of canopy cover using the tree shade plus transition classes were linearly related with field estimates of canopy cover (R² = 0.86 and slope = 0.976). Based on this relationship, dry forest cover throughout the 2627-ha area was estimated at 7.7 ± 1.9%. An immediate application of this new approach is to select and delineate areas with higher canopy cover in order to concentrate ecological restoration and conservation efforts.