不同保鲜剂组合处理对草莓保鲜效果的影响

以全明星草莓为试验材料,研究CaCl2、植酸、柠檬酸和山梨酸钾不同浓度的复配组合及其结合壳聚糖涂膜处理对常温（20～25℃）条件下贮藏7d草莓果实品质的影响。结果表明,对在常温条件下草莓采后保鲜的最佳复配组合为：1％CaCl2＋0．15％植酸＋2％柠檬酸＋0．1％山梨酸钾。该复配保鲜剂再与l％壳聚糖制成涂膜,在抑制草莓果实腐烂,保持果实硬度,延缓可溶性固形物和VC含量下降方面的作用效果好于单纯复配保鲜剂。     

高效复合保鲜剂对桃果实贮藏效果的影响

以“中油8号”桃果实为试材,通过对比纳他霉素-壳聚糖复合保鲜剂与1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）、大蒜-丁香-高良姜提取物配合使用对桃果实贮藏效果的影响,筛选适宜桃果实贮藏的安全高效保鲜剂及其科学使用方法。结果表明：应用不同复合保鲜剂和提取液处理的桃果实贮藏品质均优于对照,其中配合使用纳他霉素-壳聚糖复合保鲜剂和大蒜、丁香、高良姜混合提取液,结合1 μL/L 1-MCP处理,于2~4 ℃,相对湿度90%~95％条件下贮藏的桃果实品质最佳。该高效复合保鲜剂及使用方法能够较好地延长桃果实贮藏时间,可以在桃的采后生产中进行推广应用     

不同保鲜剂处理对红地球葡萄贮藏期间SO2残留量的影响

以蓟县、抚宁和张家口三个产地的红地球葡萄为试材,检测分析采用PE膜包装,（0±0．5）℃下贮藏165d期间亚硫酸盐类保鲜剂（熏蒸结合简化保鲜剂、新型简化保鲜剂、新型保鲜纸、红地球专用7＋1型保鲜剂）处理的果实中S02残留量。结果显示,贮藏期内,三个产地葡萄果实均以简化保鲜剂处理的S02残留量最高。其他处理的果实S02残留量均低于美国FDA和我国国家相关标准的规定：采用相同类型保鲜剂处理,蓟县葡萄果实中的S02残留量均高于另外两个产地。对于SO2的敏感性最高,抚宁次之,张家口最低;对于张家口和抚宁果实,熏蒸结合新型保鲜纸能够有效降低SO2残留,而蓟县果实更合适熏蒸结合红地球专用7＋1型保鲜剂：贮藏期间果实不同部位的S02残留量为：穗轴〉果刷〉果肉≥果皮〉果籽,且增加的幅度顺序也相同。     

低温结合保鲜剂处理对哈密瓜保鲜效果的研究

以沪产9818黄皮哈密瓜为试材,采用二氧化硫保鲜剂处理,以未做处理的哈密瓜室温条件贮藏为对照,研究分别在3,5,8℃低温条件下保鲜剂处理哈密瓜采后贮藏品质的变化。结果表明,SO2保鲜剂处理结合3℃下贮藏,可显著抑制9818黄皮的果实硬度及总酸、总糖和可溶性固形物含量的下降,贮藏20d时,总酸含量为0.082%,仍为贮藏前的81.6%;贮藏30d,总糖含量为11.6%,仍为贮藏前的93.5%,可溶性固形物含量是12.4%,显著高于9.1%的对照含量。SO2保鲜剂处理结合3℃贮藏保鲜的效果最佳,能够有效地保持哈密瓜的营养和外观品质,贮藏时间可达30d。     

不同保鲜剂处理对红阳猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响研究

为评价不同保鲜剂处理结合微孔膜对低温贮藏红阳猕猴桃品质的影响,以宁海主产的红阳猕猴桃为试材,采用1.0μL/L 1-MCP,1.0μL/L二氧化氯,0.1%二氧化氯含量缓释保鲜剂,0.2%二氧化氯含量缓释保鲜剂处理,放置于1~3℃冷库中,每隔15 d测试相关指标。结果表明,0.2%的缓释保鲜剂结合微孔膜处理可较好抑制猕猴桃果实品质的下降,同时抑制猕猴桃TSS的上升;0.2%缓释保鲜剂结合微孔膜与1-MCP结合微孔膜处理的猕猴桃组可抑制果实可滴定酸的下降,延缓呼吸高峰的出现,电导率相对较低;1-MCP处理与0.2%的缓释保鲜剂处理无显著性差异;1-MCP与缓释保鲜剂结合微孔膜可有效抑制乙烯生成,阻止呼吸跃变效应,从而延缓果实采后果实代谢和衰老。     

SO_2气态熏蒸复合保鲜剂处理对维多利亚葡萄贮藏效果的影响

以维多利亚葡萄果实为试材,分别采用SO2气态熏蒸结合CT2保鲜剂、SO2气态熏蒸结合简化保鲜剂、简化保鲜剂和CT2保鲜剂进行处理,研究不同保鲜处理方式对其在(0±0.5)℃下贮藏期间品质和生理指标变化的影响。结果表明:SO2气态熏蒸结合简化保鲜剂处理与其他3种处理比较,在贮藏末期120 d时,其脱粒率(2.25%)、腐烂率(4.50%)和漂白指数(6.2%)都最低,并可明显降低贮藏期间果实的呼吸强度,较好地保持果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和VC含量,保持葡萄原有的风味;同时可减缓果实丙二醛(MDA)含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的增加,保持较高的过氧化物酶(POD)活性。表明SO2气态熏蒸结合简化保鲜剂处理对维多利亚葡萄的贮藏效果最佳。     

赤霉素处理对鸭梨果实乙烯代谢和贮藏品质的影响

测定了赤霉素（GA3）处理对鸭梨果实组织乙烯生物合成和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,10mg／LGA3处理就可抑制鸭梨果实组织圆片乙烯的产生。添加1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）实验表明,GA3处理能抑制鸭梨果实组织转化ACC形成乙烯的能力。采后100mg／LGA3处理能有效地抑制20℃贮藏鸭梨果实乙烯释放量,使果实保持较高的硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量。100mg／LGA3处理还将0℃贮藏鸭梨果心褐变率和褐变指数分别降低了44．8％和51．2％。研究结果为改善鸭梨果实品质和控制生理病害提供了依据。     

专用保鲜膜和保鲜剂贮藏甜樱桃工艺

据初步统计，目前我国甜樱桃的产量已超过 1万 t，辽宁大连市金州区是我国甜樱桃主产区之一。甜樱桃采后的销售时间很短，为调整淡旺季，必须做好贮藏保鲜工作。 　　(1)采前管理及采收：选择充分着色但尚未软化的成熟果实人工精细采摘，采收时要带果柄，采前 2～ 3天下雨或采前 1周内果园灌水的果实不耐贮藏。采前 15天每隔 7天向树体喷布 1次 0.5％氯化钙溶液或甜樱桃采前液体保鲜剂，可提高果实的耐藏性。 　　(2)耐藏品种：选用晚熟品种，如拉宾丝、先峰等。 　　(3)果实入库之前对库房进行消毒处理，消毒剂以 CT高效库房消毒剂为佳，…     

气调包装与果蔬液体保鲜剂对芦笋贮藏效果的影响

为改进绿芦笋低温贮运保鲜技术，将采后绿芦笋用CO2和果蔬液体保鲜剂处理，并在（0～0．5）℃冷库中贮藏，测定其品质指标变化。试验结果表明，MAP（15％CO2和20％O2）＋保鲜剂和MAP处理的绿芦笋出现的呼吸高峰比对照推迟10天；同时MAP＋保鲜剂处理对VC、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量的下降、丙二醛浓度积累以及纤维素含量的上升均具有较好的抑制作用。在贮藏45天时，MAP＋保鲜剂处理组的商品率仍高达92％，与MAP和对照组相比分别高4％和14％。     

不同贮藏温度和保鲜剂处理五味子鲜果SOD活性变化的研究

以五味子鲜果为试材,采用HDPE自封袋包装,研究在不同温度和保鲜剂处理条件下果实超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。结果表明：常温（16~20℃）条件下贮藏7 d时,不同保鲜剂处理的五味子鲜果的SOD活性均明显低于贮藏处理前的初始值,但高锰酸钾＋珍珠岩、0.1%山梨酸浸泡3 min、500μL/L1-MCP熏蒸鲜果24 h三个处理组的SOD活性分别高于同期对照（未用保鲜剂处理）38.39%、28.00%和38.20%。低温（2~4℃）贮藏下,高锰酸钾＋珍珠岩＋氧化钙处理组的SOD活性高峰期出现较早,贮藏31d时,高锰酸钾＋珍珠岩处理组和高锰酸钾＋珍珠岩＋氧化钙处理组的SOD活性低于对照组;贮藏45 d时,0.1%山梨酸和500μL/L的1-MCP熏蒸处理组的SOD活性高于对照组,增强了鲜果SOD活性,有利于五味子鲜果的贮藏保鲜。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.