6种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果

田间试验结果表明,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂有效成分40 g/hm²、50%醚菌酯干悬浮剂40 g/hm²、15%氯啶菌酯乳油60 g/hm²、12.5%腈菌唑乳油50 g/hm²4个处理对小麦白粉病的防效较好,分别为87.5%、83.6%、82.8%、和81.7%,优于常用药剂15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂120 g/hm²的防效74.8%和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂750 g/hm²防效68.0%。结果说明,氯啶菌酯、烯唑醇、醚菌酯和腈菌唑4种药剂对小麦白粉病有很好的防治效果,可在生产中推广应用。     

三种杀菌剂对中稻稻曲病的防治效果比较

该研究选用16%井·酮·三环唑WP、20%三唑酮EC和20%井冈霉素DP对中稻稻曲病进行田间防效试验,结果表明,在水稻破口抽穗前5～7 d和齐穗期施用16%井·酮·三环唑wp,对稻曲病有很好的防治效果,其制剂用量150 g/667m2、200 g/667 m2的防效均在85%以上,与20%三唑酮EC制剂用量200 g/667m2的防效相当;16%井·酮·三环唑WP制剂用量200 g/667m2的防效显著优于20%井冈霉素DP制剂用量50 g/667m2的防效,当其制剂用量150 g/667m2和100 g/667m2时,与20%井冈霉素DP之间的防效无显著差异,可作为生产上用于防治中稻稻曲病的选用药剂。研究结果为山区中稻稻曲病的药剂防控提供了科学依据。     

湖北省2005年3～4月主要作物常发病虫鼠害防治方法

作物病虫名称防治适期防　　治　　方　　法小麦条锈病3～4月在病害扩散之前,每667m2用25%的粉锈宁可湿性粉剂100～150g对水50kg喷雾,对中心病团及周围田块进行挑治;春季病害扩散后,对发病田块实行普遍防治,药剂及用量同前。赤霉病4月上中旬在齐穗期用药,常发区一般在齐穗期用第1次药,5～7d后用第2次,用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂每667m2用100g,对水50kg喷施。油菜菌核病3月在油菜初花期至盛花期施药,5～7d1次,用药2～3次。药剂:25%扑海因悬浮剂每667m2用50g,或50%速克灵可湿性粉剂每667m2用20～25g,或50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂每667m2用100g对水50kg喷…     

烯唑醇等药剂对单季稻稻曲病的防治效果

用12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂等几种药剂防治稻曲病,与对照相比,每667 m~2增加稻谷48.5 kg。烯唑醇防治稻曲病的适期为水稻孕穗末期,用药一次,防治效果达83.8%。     

不同杀虫剂防治番茄烟粉虱药剂筛选试验

随着密云县设施农业的快速发展,温室烟粉虱发生呈逐年加重趋势,为了筛选安全、有效、经济的防治药剂,通过对不同杀虫剂防治番茄烟粉虱药剂筛选试验,筛选出甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐1.5%乳油13.3~20g/667m2,噻虫嗪25%水分散粒剂20g/667m2,烯啶虫胺10%可溶液剂30g/667m2,多杀霉素25%悬浮剂16g/667m2,噻虫胺50%水分散粒剂14g/667m2防治效果较好。     

肟菌酯·戊唑醇75%水分散粒剂防治稻瘟病试验初报

田间药效试验结果表明,肟菌酯·戊唑醇75%水分散粒剂对水稻稻瘟病有较好的防治效果,其药效随用药量加大而显著上升,其中第2次药后15 d 17.5 g/667m2的防效达79.41%,与对照药剂拿敌稳15.0 g/667m2和43%戊唑醇SC 15.0 mL/667m2的防效相当,且安全性好,因此可以在生产上加以推广应用。     

稻丰散、稻丰·唑磷防治稻田灰飞虱药效试验

田间试验结果表明,50%稻丰散乳油、60%稻丰·60%唑磷乳油对灰飞虱低龄若虫均具有较好的速效性,防治效果优良。50%稻丰散乳油80mL/667m2、60%稻丰·唑磷乳油90mL/667m2的防治效果与40%毒死蜱乳油100mL/667m2相近,极显著地优于25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂40g/667m2的效果,是防治灰飞虱的理想药剂。     

4种杀菌剂防治水稻黑肿病田间药效试验

通过43%戊唑醇悬浮剂(好力克)、30%苯醚甲.丙环乳油(爱苗)、20%井冈霉素水剂和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂4种农药对水稻黑肿病防治及考种研究表明:爱苗15mL/667m22次施药对水稻黑肿病的防治效果最好,其次为好力克12mL/667m22次施药和20%井冈霉素水剂2次施药,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂效果最差。好力克在破口前5d施药1次的防治效果比在破口后施药效果要好。     

几种杀虫剂防治早稻白背飞虱药效试验

试验结果表明,用10%吡·噻EC 50g/667m2、25%噻·速灭EC 100g/667m2、10%吡虫啉WP 20g/667m2、25%噻嗪酮WP 30g/667m2、20%速灭威EC 150g/667m2,对早稻白背飞虱都有较好的防治效果,药后3d、7d、14d平均防效均达85%以上,其中以10%吡.噻EC、25%噻·速灭EC的防效为好,平均达95%以上,这5种药剂特别是前两种复配药剂都值得推广应用。     

香蕉苗纹枯病的药剂防治试验

在离体叶和活体叶上测定井岗霉素,敌力脱和多菌灵三种药剂对香蕉纹枯病的防治作用。结果表明：多菌灵的防治效果最好,敌力脱的效果最差。预防效果优于治疗效果。药剂经稀释至标定使用浓度的４倍时,仍有较好的预防作用。     

Roles of flavoproteins in degradation of mexacarbate in rats

The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites.     

祁连山老虎沟地区高寒草甸蒸散发估算

利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。     

Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan

Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4.     

西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较

使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。     

山西省2012年蔬菜农药残留监测结果分析

本文通过对2012年山西省蔬菜农药残留监测结果的分析,找出造成山西蔬菜农药残留问题原因,并针对性的提出了解决问题的对策,为蔬菜生产提供依据。     

环流特征量指数在新疆汛期降水趋势预测中的应用

利用中国气象局气候中心下发的74类环流特征量值,通过相关分析,建立了新疆10个区域的汛期降水预测模型。结果表明:预测模型对新疆汛期降水趋势有一定的预报能力,尤其是在新疆洪涝灾害多发的伊犁及博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、北疆沿天山一带、天山山区,建立的3个区域预测模型可以作为汛期降水预测的主要工具。     

Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986

In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance.     

Viruses of pepper in plastic houses in Crete

During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L₁ resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P₀, P_1.2 and P_1.2.3. Results of this study show that P_1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L₁. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P₁, P_1,2 en P_1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P_1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta.     

Viruses of tomato in plastic houses in Crete

Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden.     

2013年我国黏虫发生特点分析

2013年黏虫维持了2012年以来的重发态势。二代黏虫在东北、华北、黄淮局部、江南局部、西南地区普遍发生,多种作物受害严重,总体发生程度重于2012年同期,山西、河北等局部地区大发生。三代黏虫在东北、华北和黄淮局部等地偏重发生,虽然发生面积、发生程度整体上不如2012年严重,但是仍显著重于常年,并且在辽宁、山西、山东的局部地区造成严重危害。分析提出,监测防控及时到位、关键时期气象条件不利,是2013年三代黏虫发生程度轻于2012年的主要原因。