漆酚镨高聚物的表征与特性

用元素分析、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、热重分析等表征在非水溶剂中以热聚合的方式合成漆酚镨高聚物(PUPr),并研究了PUPr和Na2SO3催化引发单体聚合的特性和机理。结果表明,漆酚与PrC l3形成配位键后,其侧链进一步交联成高分子化合物。其中镨原子的配位数仍未达到饱和,具有进一步接受电子的能力。在亚硫酸钠协同作用下,PUPr能催化引发甲基丙烯酸丁酯等带有给电子基团的乙烯类单体于水介质中在不除氧、无搅拌情况下进行聚合。     

美国《EI》收录本刊2006年第1～4期发表的文章题录

文章题录杨梅树叶、皮、根部精油成分及其抗氧化活性物质高温预处理对木聚糖酶水解制备低聚木糖的促进作用松香基聚葡萄糖苷的合成及性能(英文)漆酚金属聚合物催化合成醋酸异戊酯的研究漆酚镨高聚物的表征与特性聚戊烯基磷酸酯的合成机理与化学特征反相悬浮聚合法制备耐盐高吸水树脂的研究臭氧化对活性炭表面化学结构及Cr6 吸附性质的影响桐油氧化引发苯乙烯-桐油共聚物合成与降解的研究NMR法研究我国主要植物胶资源的多糖化学结构聚合松香钙固定化淀粉酶的研究椰壳热解炭化热分析研究大孔树脂对印楝素A吸附纯化的研究聚氨酯木材胶粘剂的…     

死漆研磨法制备一种快干漆的研究

以死漆为原料,在室温无溶剂条件下与钛化合物混合后通过研磨法制备一种快干漆(QDL)。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和热失重等表征手段对试样进行结构和性能表征,并探讨了生漆中不同成分对试样固化成膜的影响。结果表明:死漆与钛化合物混合研磨能够固化成膜的主要物质是漆酚,研磨过程中死漆油包水型乳液结构被破坏;当n(钛化合物)∶n(死漆)为1∶2时,研磨得到的涂膜表干和实干时间最短分别为1.5和6 h,远快于天然生漆的干燥速度;n(钛化合物)∶n(死漆)为1∶2、1∶3、1∶4研磨制得的QDL1、QDL2、QDL3都具有较高的光泽度,比天然生漆膜高出50之多。其中,快干漆QDL1的质量损失5%、10%和最大热失重温度分别为289、346和475℃,比天然生漆相应质量损失温度高,具有比自然干燥天然生漆膜更好的耐热性能。     

苯胺改性漆酚甲醛缩聚物的研究

以苯胺改性漆酚甲醛缩聚物，合成了漆酚和甲醛与苯胺的共缩聚物，并用IR（红外光谱），HPLC（高效液相色谱），DSC（示差扫描量热分析），DMTA（动态机械热分析）等手段对产物的结构和理化性能进行表征，结果表明，苯胺的引入可以改善漆酚缩甲醛涂料的耐碱性能。     

漆酚热预聚漆研究（Ⅰ）──漆酚热预聚漆酶催化成膜

为了充分让漆酶在最后催化成膜中发挥作用，将生漆分离出漆酚和粗漆酶后，先将漆酚进行热预聚，再用粗漆酶配制成漆酚热预聚漆。试验结果表明：此法配制出的漆液，不仅能在漆酶催化下成膜，而且具有粗漆酶用量少、干燥性能好的特点。     

漆酚热预聚漆研究（I）—漆酚热预聚漆酶催化成膜

为了充分让漆酶在最后催化成膜中发挥作用，将生漆分离出漆酚和粗漆酶后，先将漆酚进行热预聚，再用粗漆酶配制成漆酚热预聚漆。试验结果表明：此法配制出的漆液，不仅能在漆酶催化下成膜，而且具有粗漆酶用量少、干燥性能好的特点。     

HPLC-MS法表征坝漆酚类化合物的结构

应用中低压柱分离毛坝漆酚类化合物,漆酚质量分数90％以上.应用HPLC、HPLC-MS、MS分析表征毛坝漆漆酚化学结构,HPLC以甲醇-水体积比9∶1为流动相,总流速1 mL/min,UV 210 nm能够分离18个酚类化合物,HPLC-MS表征13个酚类化合物,主要为C15不饱和三烯漆酚和C17不同饱和度的漆酚.漆酚的中低压柱分离及HPLC跟踪为漆酚提供了快速分离方法.     

新型漆酚钛螯合高聚物防腐蚀涂料中试研究

报道新型漆酚钛螯合高聚物防腐蚀涂料中试生产的合成方法，配方，技术条件，产品性能，应用范围和应用效果。     

漆酚硼衍生物的研究(Ⅳ)──硼酸漆酚酯的聚合反应

硼酸漆酚酯具有较漆酚更易聚合的特性。根据元素分析、热分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和电子自旋共振谱等的测试结果认为：硼酸漆酚酯的聚合反应发生于其不饱和侧碳链基上；该不饱和碳链基在干燥空气中进行游离基聚合；其分子中的硼原子对该游离基聚合反应具有催化作用。     

漆酚硼衍生物的研究（IV）

硼酸漆酚酯具有较漆酚更易聚合物的特性，根据元素分析，热分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和电子自旋共振谱等的测试结果认为：硼酸漆酚酯的聚合反应发现于其不饱和侧碳链基上；该不饱和碳链基在干燥空气中进行游离基聚合，其分子中的硼原子对该游离基聚合反应具有催化作用。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.