湖南省部分饲料原料中霉菌污染的实验调查

从湖南省10个地区的饲料厂和养殖场采集饲料原料7种(玉米、米糠、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、麦麸和鱼粉),66个样品。经霉菌学检验,霉菌污染率达89.4%,优势菌种为曲霉菌和青霉茵。最高带菌者为麦麸达154×10~4个/g;其次是玉米,带菌量为109×10~4个/g;有几个棉粕和菜粕未检出霉菌。根据国家饲料卫生标准,进一步分析表明,66份饲料原料中有49份霉菌量超过国家标准。株洲地区的6个饲料原料样品中霉菌量均超过国家饲料卫生标准。10个地区的饲料原料中仅娄底、邵阳、常德和自治州霉菌污染状况较轻,分别为62.5%、80.0%、75.0%和66.6%。     

饲料中五氯酚钠溯源监测分析

笔者采集广州市饲料原料,旨在溯源其中的五氯酚钠含量。从广州及周边饲料公司共采集玉米样品20个、豆粕样品16个、麦麸样品8个及鱼粉样品6个(各样品采集量均大于500 g),利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)进行五氯酚钠检测。检测结果显示:(1)一个玉米颗粒样品五氯酚钠检测值为6.02μg/kg,一个豆粕样品五氯酚钠检测值为7.79μg/kg,一个麦麸样品五氯酚钠检测值为6.59μg/kg,且均在国家标准以下。(2)其他样品均未检测出五氯酚钠。本研究通过抽查广州市及周边地区饲料原料并分析其中五氯酚钠的含量,追踪饲料中五氯酚钠来源,为本省的养殖业提供原料溯源参考。     

云南省养猪场(户)饲料霉菌毒素污染状况

对云南省养猪场(户)乳仔猪饲料、 种猪饲料、 中大猪饲料、 成品猪料及猪用玉米、 大麦、 麦麸、 豆粕等4种原料进行黄曲霉毒素B1、 呕吐毒素、 玉米赤霉烯酮、 伏马菌素、 赭曲霉毒素A的检测.结果表明:云南省养猪生产一线的饲料霉菌毒素污染普遍、 严重,2种霉菌毒素共存的现象无论在猪成品饲料中或玉米、 麦麸、 豆粕等常见典型饲料原料中均超过50%;云南大麦霉菌毒素污染较轻,安全性好,适宜推广使用.云南省养猪场(户)饲料霉菌毒素污染情况严重,应引起高度重视,并加强检测与防控.     

新疆部分地区规模化鸡场饲料中霉菌毒素污染状况检测与分析

为了解新疆部分地区规模化鸡场饲料中霉菌毒素污染情况,从新疆部分地区规模化鸡场采集豆粕(78份)、玉米(72份)、麦麸(60份)及全价配合饲料样品(80份)共计290份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测290份饲料样品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)和T-2毒素(T-2)含量。结果表明,豆粕、玉米、麦麸及全价配合饲料样品中4种霉菌毒素检出率在52.7%～100.0%之间,豆粕中AFB1和ZEN超标率分别为9.2%和6.2%,玉米中AFB1和ZEN超标率分别为16.2%和8.4%,全价配合饲料中AFB1和T-2超标率分别为19.8%和12.6%。说明该地区规模化鸡场中豆粕、玉米、麦麸及全价配合饲料存在AFB1、ZEN及T-2等3种霉菌毒素污染,应引起重视。     

云南省饲料原料及饲料霉菌毒素检测情况初报

对云南省所用的550个饲料原料、饲料产品进行黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮的检测,样品包括玉米488份、小麦3份、麦麸2份、DDGS 10份、缅甸碎米2份、米糠2份、玉米蛋白粉2份、棉粕2份、菜粕2份、豆粕2份、草及秸秆16份、成品饲料19份。结果表明:云南饲料原料特别是本地产玉米、草及秸秆、DDGS、饲料产品受呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮污染比较严重,应引起云南省饲料工业和养殖业的高度重视,加强检测与防控。     

鹅鸡对几种常规饲料纤维消化率的比较研究

为探讨鹅与鸡对饲料纤维利用能力的差别,选择扬州鹅和新扬州鸡为试验动物,通过代谢试验测定了2种禽对豆粕、稻谷和麦麸3种饲料原料的纤维成分消化率.结果表明:对豆粕和麦麸的粗纤维(CF)消化率鹅显著和极显著高于鸡；鹅对稻谷CF和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率与鸡差异不显著,对豆粕和麦麸NDF及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率鹅均极显著高于鸡.由此证明鹅对饲料纤维性物质的利用能力高于鸡.     

化学处理减少饲料中病原微生物污染

饲料原料和成品暴露于病原菌污染的环境中是不可避免的。表1列出了常见的病原微生物(真菌和细菌)。霉菌抑制剂广泛用于抑制霉菌生长已有多年。然而,近年来人们最大的兴趣逐渐转移到细菌性病原微生物(特别是沙门氏菌)的控制方面。其它细菌(如大肠杆菌,梭状芽胞杆菌和利斯特菌)也很重要。幸运的是它们在饲料中出现的机会比沙门氏菌少得多,不易引起注意。普遍认为:饲喂沙门氏菌污染饲料使动物沙门氏菌检出阳性,进而增加环境中沙门氏菌污染,最终可能威胁人类健康。最近,Hinton等(1988)发现,饲喂病原菌污染饲料可使肉鸡带菌(表2)。饲喂含不同水     

养猪场(户)配合饲料时需注意问题

现在集约化养猪业，在保证疫病防制、优良品种、先进管理的同时，关键还要有合理的、全面的饲料营养搭配，才能获得理想的经济效益。目前，猪用饲料原料玉米、豆粕(饼)、麦麸、鱼粉等产地各异，预混料品种繁多、良莠不齐，无论是原料还是预混料，任何一个环节出现问题，都会严重影响养猪场(户)的正常生产，造成不良后果。根据肇东种猪场的生产经验，现就配合饲料时需注意的问题总结如下：     

安徽省临泉县羊场常用饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染的调查分析

[目的]了解安徽省临泉县规模化羊场常用饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染情况。[方法]从安徽省临泉县22家存栏数在500只以上的规模化羊场采集8类饲料及饲料原料样品共55份,包括豆粕2份、小麦及麦麸6份、玉米10份、大豆皮2份、羔羊精料补充料13份、肉羊精料补充料8份、育肥羊全价配合饲料7份以及羊场自配饲料7份。利用荧光定量检测法快速检测饲料样品中黄曲霉素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）、呕吐毒素（deoxynivalenol,DON）含量,计算不同饲料样品中3种霉菌毒素的检出率和超标率。[结果]55份饲料及饲料原料样品中,AFB1、ZEN和DON的总体检出率分别为50.90%、56.36%和69.09%,总体超标率分别为7.27%、5.45%和5.45%。在AFB1检测方面,有5类样本检测结果呈阳性,其中,肉羊精料补充料的检出率最高,为75.00%;羔羊精料补充料和肉羊精料补充料超标,超标率分别为15.38%和12.50%;玉米的检出值最大,为53.5μg/kg。在ZEN检测方面,有6类样本检测结果呈阳性,其中,羔羊精料补充料的检出率...     

2021年国内饲料和饲料原料中霉菌毒素污染状况调查

为了解2021年国内配合饲料及玉米、小麦、杂粕等饲料原料霉菌毒素污染状况,采用免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱荧光检测法分析了1 025个样品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、呕吐毒素（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的含量。结果表明：各类饲料和饲料原料不同程度地受3种毒素的污染,其中玉米、玉米副产物中AFB1含量最高,小麦及小麦麸中DON含量最高,玉米副产物中ZEN含量最高。总体来看,2021年饲料和饲料原料霉菌毒素污染情况不容乐观,饲料生产过程中应重点关注玉米、小麦等谷物及其副产物的霉菌毒素污染问题。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。