池塘主养大规格草鱼种高产试验

１９９６年我们在武功县北营渔场进行了池塘主养大规格草鱼种高产试验。从６月２７日放养到１０月１０日验收,经１０５天饲养,２１６亩试验塘总产鱼种１８３９５ｋｇ,平均亩产鱼种８５１６ｋｇ;其中草鱼种单产达到５６２７ｋｇ,个体重１０４ｇ,成活率为８３％...     

不同饲料对主养草鱼池塘的效果试验

草鱼是我国著名的“四大家鱼”之一，具有生长快、个体大、肉质好等特点，很受消费者喜爱。因此，市场供不应求，价格较高，成为养殖结构调整中扩大养殖的对象。为了充分利用池塘的生态环境，挖掘草鱼的养殖潜力，提高其养殖效益，探索一套适宜的草鱼养殖模式，2005年我们在洛龙区火龙渔场进行了三种不同饲料在池塘中主养草鱼的对比试验，为提高鱼产量和经济效益提供更好的养殖方法。现将试验情况总结如下，供参考。     

池塘主养草鱼高产试验

2004年我站开展草鱼主养试验,取得较好效益。     

池塘主养草鱼高产试验

2005年,阳谷县渔技站在阿城镇水产养殖基地进行了池塘主养草鱼高产高效试验,取得了较高的经济效益。现将试验情况总结如下。     

主养草鱼三种模式的对比试验

江西省南昌县是水产大县 ,由于水产品总量迅速增加和市场价格下跌 ,农民出现增产不增收的现象。调整产业结构、增加农民收入迫在眉睫。 1999年南昌县承担了省水产局下达的 2 0 0 0亩淡水养鱼80∶2 0养鱼新技术项目任务 (80为单包放养比例 ,2 0为鳙鲢放养比例 ,以下相同 ) ,2 0 0 0年该县水科所选择三口标准池塘 ,每口池塘 10亩继续进行 90∶10、80∶2 0、70∶30主养草鱼三种模式的对比试验 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　试验池塘条件本试验在南昌县水科所的池塘中进行。每口池塘面积 10亩 ,东西长、南北宽 ,长宽之比 3∶2 ,池深2 …     

池塘主养草鱼三种不同养殖模式的对比试验

本试验在南昌县水科所的池塘中进行,设置标准池塘三口,每口面积0.667ha分别将9010、8020、7030草鱼主养模式的鱼种放入池塘,采用颗粒配合饲料.经过7个月的试验,结果是8020的池塘起水鲜鱼8345.6kg、饵料系数1.5,9010的池塘起水鲜鱼7245.5kg、饵料系数1.8,7030的池塘起水鲜鱼7974.7kg、饵料系数1.7,8020的养殖模式要比9010和7030的养殖模式好.     

池塘主养草鱼亩净产500公斤的试验

<正> 为提高优质鱼产量,于1984年,湖北省科委下达我所“池塘大面积主养草鱼亩净产500公斤的试验”课题。经过两年的试验研究,已达到预期要求和目的,现将试验结果报告如下。一、试验条件与方法 1.鱼池条件试验在仙桃市老台渔场进行。1984年成鱼试验池为600亩,1985年扩大到736亩。每口鱼池面积大部分为18-20亩,水深常年2.2-2.5米。 2.饲料地试验池埂宽达15-18米,为鱼池配套饲料地。其面积与鱼池水面之比为0.4:1,共计293亩。     

池塘主养草鱼与主养鲤鱼模式

一、前言运城市位于山西省的西南部，地处秦晋豫三省交界的黄河三角洲地带，拥有广阔的滩涂资源，境内气候温和，光照时间长，具有发展水产养殖得天独厚的自然条件。全市现有池塘养殖面积１．７万亩，年产商品鱼１．３万吨，我市已成为山西省重要的商品鱼基地。进入９０年代以来，高密度精养鲤鱼成为全市池塘养鱼的主要模式，而且池塘单产不断提高。但是，由于饲料等渔需物资价格的不断攀升，而商品鱼价格却一直处于低谷，导致池塘主养鲤鱼的经济效益越来越低，广大渔民叫苦不迭。为了尽快探索池塘养鱼高产、高效新模式，我们于２０００年３…     

主养草鱼池塘套养鳜鱼试验

鳜鱼是我国淡水名贵鱼类之一，它有着很高的经济价值，被誉为“淡水石斑鱼”。由于鳜鱼需摄食活鱼，在生产中以鳜鱼为主养鱼的模式难以大面积推广。２００１年，我们选择了连片１５０亩的池塘套养鳜鱼夏花，经过６个月的养殖，取得了较好的效果。一、材料与方法１．池塘条件池塘为砂质壤土，淤泥深１５～２０厘米，面积５～１０亩，平均水深１．５～２．０米，水源充足，水质清新，进排水方便，且野杂鱼类较丰富。２．鱼种放养春节前亩放规格为０．３～０．７５千克的过塘草鱼２００尾，０．１５～０．４千克的白鲫２０尾，０．３千克的白鲢…     

汞暴露对草鱼器官组织中碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

测定暴露于不同汞离子质量浓度(0 mg/L、0.05 mg/L、0.10 mg/L、0.15 mg/L、0.20 mg/L、0.25 mg/L)下草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)血清、鳃、肝胰脏、脾、肾脏和肌肉等组织器官中碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性。研究目的在于评价汞离子对草鱼生理代谢的影响。暴露周期为21 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,血清AKP活性在0.05mg/L、0.10 mg/L和0.15 mg/L汞暴露组无显著性变化(P>0.05),而在0.20 mg/L、0.25 mg/L组显著下降(P<0.01);鳃AKP活性在0.10 mg/L和0.15 mg/L汞暴露组显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),而0.05 mg/L、0.20 mg/L和0.25mg/L组无显著变化(P>0.05);肝胰脏和脾脏AKP活性在所有实验组均显著下降(P<0.01);肾脏AKP活性在0.05mg/L组无显著变化,其他实验组均显著升高(P<0.01);肌肉AKP活性在所有实验组均无显著性变化(P>0.05)。本研究说明草鱼暴露于不同汞离子浓度下,具有不同生理功能的器官组织的AKP活性变化存在较大差异     

投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肉质影响的初步研究

分别以配合饲料(对照组)、蚕豆(蚕豆组)饲喂平均体重为496.5 g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)66d,考察蚕豆对草鱼生长和肉质的影响。结果表明:配合饲料组和蚕豆组增重率为82.76%,36.96%;饵料系数为2.17,4.45;肥满度为13.09,7.72;粗脂肪含量为0.89%,1.43%;肌肉失水率为27.14%,15.87%;肌原纤维长度为28.32μm,33.31μm;羟脯氨酸0.12mg/g,0.16mg/g。在生长方面,与配合饲料组相比,蚕豆组草鱼的增重率、肥满度极显著降低,饲料系数极显著增加(P<0.01);在肌肉品质方面,失水率极显著降低;粗脂肪含量、肌原纤维长度、羟脯氨酸含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。结果表明,投喂蚕豆对草鱼肌肉具有特殊的改变作用。     

Dietary available phosphorus requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A growth trial was conducted to estimate the optimum concentration of dietary available phosphorus (P) for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Triplicate groups of grass carp (5.59 ± 0.02 g) were fed diets containing graded levels (2.36, 4.27, 6.31, 8.36, 10.4 and 14.8 g kg^?1) of available P for 8 weeks. Grass carp fed with the P‐supplemented diets had significantly higher specific growth rate, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency than fish fed with the basal diet. In whole‐body composition, protein content increased, while lipid content decreased with the increase in P level in diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed with the P‐supplemented diets had significantly higher whole body, vertebrae and scales mineralization (P < 0.05), but Ca/P ratios were not influenced. The blood chemistry analysis showed that dietary available P had distinct effects on P, Ca and Mg contents, as well as on the contents of triacylglycerol and total cholesterol. Broken‐line analysis indicated that 8.49 g kg^?1 dietary available P was required for maximal tissue storage and mineralization as well as optimal growth.     

长江草鱼群体MHC Class ⅡB的多态性和进化分析

克隆及测序草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)长江3个群体的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)Class II B基因编码β1和β2区的第2和第3个外显子及两个外显子之间的内含子,分析了草鱼MHC的进化模式和种群遗传结构。结果显示:实验共定义了34个等位基因,每条序列包括长为130~136 bp的第2个外显子,长为218 bp的第3个外显子以及长81~371 bp的内含子。序列分析揭示,第2个外显子有106个核苷酸变异位点(78%)和40个氨基酸变异位点(88%),而第3个外显子有100个核苷酸变异位点(45%)和41个氨基酸变异位点(56%),β1变异要大于β2区。用β1和β2区序列分别构建的邻接(NJ)系统树均显示5个具有高支持率的谱系,结合序列变异特点和内含子长度,推测草鱼至少存在5个MHC Class II座位。分别计算β1的肽结合位点(PBR)、非肽结合位点及β2的非同义替换率(dN)和同义替换率(dS),PBR的dN/dS为2.03(P<0.05),非肽结合位点和β2则小于1,表明草鱼MHC受到歧化选择作用。根据等位基因在群体中的分布频率作分子方差分析(AMOVA),得出FST为0.37%,提示长江草鱼MHC没有遗传分化。     

Dietary zinc requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) based on growth and mineralization

A growth trial was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of dietary zinc (Zn) for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Triplicate groups of grass carp (3.97 ± 0.05 g) were fed diets containing graded levels (13, 25, 34, 53, 89 and 135 mg kg^?1) of Zn for 8 weeks. Grass carp fed with dietary Zn levels higher than 34 mg kg^?1 significantly increased final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). For body composition, fish fed with dietary Zn levels higher than 53 mg kg^?1 significantly decreased the moisture contents but increased the lipid contents of whole body and liver. Whole body, scales, vertebrae and liver mineralization were all affected significantly (P < 0.05) by dietary Zn levels. Zn contents in whole body, scales, vertebrae and plasma were linearly increased up to the 53 mg kg^?1 dietary Zn and then remained stable beyond this level. Grass carp fed with dietary Zn levels higher than 53 mg kg^?1 significantly increased triacyglyceride and total cholesterol contents and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma (P < 0.05). Broken‐line analysis indicated that 55.1 mg kg^?1 dietary Zn was required for maximal tissue storage and mineralization as well as optimal growth of grass carp.     

草鱼HSP70基因cDNA部分序列克隆及其组织表达差异

根据鲤热休克蛋白70(Heat shock protein,HSP70)序列(AY120894)设计并合成一对引物,以草鱼(Cteno-pharyngodon idella)肝胰脏组织总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增获得草鱼HSP70基因cDNA部分序列,并进行了组织表达差异性研究。结果显示:所获为序列为480 bp,获得GeneBank登陆号为FJ483832。序列测序结果显示,HSP70扩增序列与鲤、斑马鱼、鲋的同源性为:93%、91%、93%。另外,所获序列HSP70在草鱼脂肪、肌肉、肠、脑、粘液、性腺、鳔、肝胰脏、心脏、脾脏、鳃、鳍12个组织的表达存在差异,HSP70在草鱼这12个组织中均检测到表达,其中在鳍中表达最高,极显著高于其他组织(P<0.01);在鳔中表达次之,且与脑、心脏、性腺中表达差异不显著;在粘液中表达最低。     

Dietary magnesium requirement and effects on growth and tissue magnesium content of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A growth trial was conducted to estimate the optimum concentration of dietary magnesium (Mg) for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Triplicate groups of grass carp (5.56 ± 0.02 g) were fed diets containing graded levels (187, 331, 473, 637, 779 and 937 mg kg^?1) of Mg for 8 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were linearly increased up to 637 mg kg^?1 dietary Mg and then levelled off beyond this level. For body composition, dietary Mg levels higher than 473 mg kg^?1 significantly decreased the moisture content but increased the lipid content of whole body, muscle and liver. Dietary Mg levels higher than 473 mg kg^?1 significantly decreased the ash contents of vertebrae, scales and muscle. Mg contents in whole body, vertebrae, scales and plasma were increased up to 637 mg kg^?1 dietary Mg and then levelled off beyond this level. However, Ca and P contents seem to be inversely related to dietary Mg. Dietary Mg levels higher than 473 mg kg^?1 significantly decreased Zn and Fe contents in whole body and vertebrae. Broken‐line analysis indicated that 687 mg kg^?1 dietary Mg was required for maximal tissue Mg storage, as well as satisfied for the optimal growth.     

饥饿对草鱼血清游离氨基酸的影响

将池塘捕获的体重(1.70±0.80)kg的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)饲养在室内水族箱内,分别测定了空腹(禁食1 d,26样本)、饥饿15 d(15样本)、饥饿30 d(15样本)的草鱼血清游离氨基酸含量。结果显示:草鱼血清游离氨基酸总量基本恒定,空腹、饥饿15 d和饥饿30 d的氨基酸总量无显著差异;处于饥饿状态的草鱼血清游离必需氨基酸总量极显著地高于空腹状态,非必需氨基酸总量极显著地低于空腹状态;血清赖氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和胱氨酸含量因饥饿显著升高,而组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸和酪氨酸因饥饿显著降低;饥饿15 d和饥饿30 d各氨基酸含量均未见差异。草鱼血清游离氨基酸含量在正常摄食情况下主要受饲料蛋白质影响,处于饥饿状态下主要来源于肌体蛋白质的分解,比较正常摄食后和饥饿状态下血清游离氨基酸的组成可评价饲料蛋白质的质量。     

Dietary calcium requirement and effects on growth and tissue calcium content of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A growth trial was conducted to estimate the optimum concentration of dietary calcium (Ca) for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Triplicate groups of grass carp (4.52 ± 0.02 g) were fed diets containing graded levels (2.75, 4.51, 6.24, 7.99, 9.66 and 11.5 g kg^?1) of Ca for 8 weeks. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were linearly increased up to the 7.99 g kg^?1 dietary Ca and then maintained stable beyond this level (P < 0.05). Dietary Ca levels higher than 7.99 g kg^?1 significantly increased the ash contents of whole body, vertebrae and scales. Ca contents in whole body, vertebrae and scales were linearly increased up to the 7.99 g kg^?1 dietary Ca and then maintained stable beyond this level (P < 0.05). In contrast, dietary Ca levels higher than 9.66 g kg^?1 significantly decreased Mg contents in whole body, vertebrae and scales. Dietary Ca levels higher than 7.99 g kg^?1 significantly increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. However, plasma Ca, P and Mg contents were not significantly affected by dietary Ca supplements (P > 0.05). Polynomial regression analysis indicated that 10.4 g kg^?1 dietary Ca was required for maximal tissue storage and mineralization as well as optimal growth.     

草鱼C1qC基因的克隆及表达分析

为了研究C1qC基因在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)免疫过程中所起的作用,利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆获得了C1qC基因cDNA全长序列,经序列分析表明,所克隆的C1qC cDNA全长为916 bp,包括开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)735 bp,5′端非编码区(untranslated region,UTR)89 bp和3′端非编码区(UTR)92 bp。735 bp的ORF共编码244个氨基酸,相对分子量为26 162.5 U。同源性分析表明,草鱼与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的相似度最高,达到71%。经草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)诱导后,草鱼C1qC基因在鳃、皮肤、肌肉、肝、中肾、心脏、头肾等组织中的mRNA表达水平均显著上调。在草鱼胚胎发育的各个阶段都能检测到C1qC mRNA的表达,说明该基因可能在草鱼胚胎和鱼苗的免疫反应和早期发育中起重要作用。本研究将为今后在草鱼免疫功能方面深入研究C1qC基因提供基础资料。