良好棉花倡议（BCI）对棉花供给侧结构性改革的启示

山东作为全国重要的棉花主产区，当前正面临着效益低下、生产下滑、产不对需等系列问题的挑战，推进棉花供给侧结构性改革已是大势所趋、形势使然。良好棉花倡议（Better cotton initiative, BCI）有利于棉农、有利于环境、有利于棉花产业发展未来的棉花生产方式，与我国农业供给侧结构性改革的理念有诸多类似之处。通过文献研究和实证调查，系统梳理了良好棉花的概念、生产原则、生产标准和发展现状，分析总结了山东滨州良好棉花实施经验和成效，提出了山东棉花供给侧结构性改革的路径。     

山东棉花生产现状及高质量发展路径探讨

近年来,由于植棉收益下降、自然灾害频发及植棉机械化程度低等多种因素的影响,山东棉花生产持续萎缩。同时,山东高品质棉花短缺,难以满足棉纺织企业转型升级的需要。从2011―2020年棉花生产、棉花品质、棉花品种等方面深入分析了当前山东棉花生产存在的问题,从稳定恢复山东植棉面积和提高棉花品质角度提出了推进山东棉花生产高质量发展的路径。     

赴山东、陕西学习考察棉花生产情况汇报

赴山东、陕西学习考察棉花生产情况汇报（江西省棉花生产考察团）根据省棉办的部署，带着学习考察棉花生产经验和了解“懒棉花”的栽培表现情况等问题，我们９人由人卢耀章处长带队于１１月９日～２３日赴山东、陕西两省学习考察，先后到了陕西重点产棉的三原、径阳县、陕...     

三二式是黄淮地区麦棉两熟的最佳模式

三二式是黄淮地区麦棉两熟的最佳模式刘文祥，王洪信山东巨野县棉花生产指挥部２７４９００巨野县人多地少，为在稳定粮食的基础上，扩大棉花生产，从１９８２年开始实行麦棉套种。但由于套种方式不当，导致棉花苗期晚发，后期晚熟，产量低，质量差，经济效益不高。为了寻...     

山东省棉花生产近年状况及振兴对策

在回顾山东省棉花生产发展史的基础上，总结分析了造成近两年全省棉花生产连续大滑坡的原因，提出了重振山东棉花生产的近期应急对策和长期发展对策     

推进高品质短季棉新品种研发及高效技术应用

为了加快山东两熟高效技术模式的升级，在宜棉区及次宜棉区重构粮（食）经（作）饲（料）三元结构，探索能保持粮棉产业安全、优化棉饲生态、实现棉蒜高效的系列绿色轮作棉花生产新模式，为本省“十四五”棉花产业绿色高效高质量转型升级提供一定实践基础，查阅相关文献资料，并简要梳理近年来全国棉花生产新格局下的山东植棉变化及区域进一步集中的棉花产业结构特点。基于保障粮食安全与山东农业、产业特色优势，统筹生态区域布局，提出通过发展高品质短季棉及高效技术产业化应用，建立绿色高效耕作制度，降低植棉成本，提高比较效益，实现山东棉花生产稳定与棉花高质量供给的相对统一。     

推进高品质短季棉新品种研发及高效技术应用

为了加快山东两熟高效技术模式的升级，在宜棉区及次宜棉区重构粮（食）经（作）饲（料）三元结构，探索能保持粮棉产业安全、优化棉饲生态、实现棉蒜高效的系列绿色轮作棉花生产新模式，为本省“十四五”棉花产业绿色高效高质量转型升级提供一定实践基础，查阅相关文献资料，并简要梳理近年来全国棉花生产新格局下的山东植棉变化及区域进一步集中的棉花产业结构特点。基于保障粮食安全与山东农业、产业特色优势，统筹生态区域布局，提出通过发展高品质短季棉及高效技术产业化应用，建立绿色高效耕作制度，降低植棉成本，提高比较效益，实现山东棉花生产稳定与棉花高质量供给的相对统一。     

关于调整完善山东省棉花补贴机制的建议

为深入推进棉花供给侧结构性改革，提高山东省棉花质量、效益和竞争力，推进棉花补贴机制调整完善，本文对棉花的重要性进行了阐述，并对山东棉花补贴机制进行了探讨，提出了相应的建议。     

山东省棉花生产现状及振兴产业的建议

围绕打造乡村振兴齐鲁版,加快构建新时代棉花产业体系、建立绿色高效高质棉花供给系统这一主题,通过对山东省棉花生产调研和查阅相关资料,阐述了山东省棉花生产总体概况,分析了山东棉花生产面临的困境和机遇,就全面开辟棉花生产发展的新路径、新格局,推进新时代山东棉花产业振兴提出了建议。     

国外棉花品种资源在山东省的应用

山东省自１９１８年较有成效地引进国外棉花品种资源至今，直接利用于山东棉花生产的主要有美国金字棉、爱字棉、脱字棉、斯字棉和岱字棉品种。间接利用且成效显著的主要有美国岱字棉、斯字棉、探科特系统种质和乌干达棉系统种质，近５０年来，育成山东省审定或大面积推广的棉花品种１２个，极大地促进了山东棉花生产和育种工作的发展。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.