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喀斯特山区不同农作方式下土壤质量变化对浅层地下水质量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择贵州中部喀斯特山区普定县猫洞小流域,对长期受不同农作行为影响的区域(低复种早作区、高复种旱作区、高复种复合农作区)土壤和浅层地下水进行采样和分析.结果表明,不同农作区浅层地下水化学组分明显不同,从低复种指数的旱作区、高复种指数的旱作区到高复种指数的复合农作区,浅层地下水中的NO3-、NH4+、PO43-、高锰酸钾指数和SO42-的含量依次增大,呈显著上升趋势,在高复种指数农作区浅层地下水中氮磷含量更高;在浅层地下水中,NO3-含量受土壤有机质、腐植酸、全氮和碱解氮的影响最大,PO43-含量受土壤全磷、碱解氮、CEC的直接影响大;C1-对浅层地下水影响不明显.不同农作方式对地下水的NO3-、NH4+、高锰酸钾指数的贡献存在差异,可见喀斯特特殊的双重水文结构使水环境质量易受土壤质量等环境因素影响,特别是浅层地下水更易受到污染. 相似文献
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在澳门半岛选取土地利用为公园绿地和商住混合的2个分流制城市小流域.于2005-08~2005-11借助自动采样器进行流域出口5场降雨地表径流水质水量监测.结果表明,商住混合分流制小流域TN、TP、COD多场降雨平均浓度值分别超出国家地表水环境V类标准4倍以上.公园绿地小流域TN、TP均超出V类水标准2倍多.从降雨-径流过程污染物浓度历时变化看,2个小流域TN和TP呈现一定的初始冲刷现象.TSS与TN、TP的判定系数R2都在0.95以上,地表径流中水土流失与总氮总磷输出显 相似文献
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随着城市点源污染控制程度的提高,雨水径流引起的面源污染日益突出。在对上海临港新城不同功能区降雨径流水质监测的基础上,分析了地表径流污染物的出流规律、各污染物在不同功能区的空间分布及各污染物之间的相关性。结果表明:降雨特征不同,污染物的出流规律不同。强降雨事件中,径流具有初期效应,只要控制初期径流,面源污染即得到有效控制;而弱降雨事件中,几乎没有初期效应,整场降雨径流必须得到有效控制。路面径流中,总氮(TN)在交通区、商居混合区和文教区的8场降雨事件平均值中值分别为5.39、6.14和3.27 mg/L;化学需氧量(CODMn)中值为16.9、13.4和6.7 mg/L;氨氮(NH3-N)的中值为2.79、1.82和0.71 mg/L;总磷(TP)的中值为0.27,0.24和0.07 mg/L。屋面径流中,商居混合区绿化屋面TN、CODMn、NH3-N和TP的8场降雨事件平均值中值分别为:2.14、23.7、1.22和0.41 mg/L;文教区瓦屋面的中值分别为:2.23、4.43、0.64和0.13 mg/L。文教区径流污染较轻,交通区和商居混合区径流污染较重;各功能区路面径流污染较屋面严重,主要污染物均是TN和CODMn。初期径流中的污染物主要依附于固体颗粒物上存在。 相似文献
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【目的】在气候变化与人类活动共同作用影响下黄土高原地表植被覆盖情况发生了显著的变化,探究不同流域景观格局对水文过程和水分循环要素分配的影响,为优化流域植被空间配置与加强水资源管理提供理论依据。【方法】以蔡家川小流域主沟道及其内部4个子流域为研究对象,通过遥感影像解译土地利用现状,并基于2016-2019年5个小流域场次暴雨径流数据,采用偏最小二乘回归和皮尔逊相关分析,探究流域景观格局变化对径流组分的影响。【结果】(1)不同土地利用方式对径流形成的作用不同,相较农地(旱地),乔木林地、灌木林地、草地和果园的增加将减少流域产流。(2)流域径流总量与斑块密度、边缘密度和香农多样性指数呈显著正相关(P <0.05),与聚集指数、蔓延度指数和斑块凝聚度指数呈显著负相关(P <0.05),景观破碎程度减小或连通度与聚集度的提高,对流域径流总量具有明显削减作用。(3)不同土地利用方式的面积占比、斑块和景观水平的景观格局指数,均与流域基流指数间未见显著相关性,景观格局对流域基流影响较小。【结论】景观格局变化对流域径流总量具有较强调控作用,但对径流中的基流影响较弱。研究成果可为流域景观格局优... 相似文献
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和田河流域地表径流变化分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
和田河流域位于大陆腹地,水资源紧缺。通过对地表径流的研究分析指出,和田河径流以高山冰川积雪融水为主,年际变化较平稳,但年内分布极为不均,春旱夏洪严重;和田河出山径流以及入塔径流均存在不显的递减趋势,具有2.6年和11年的周期变化。 相似文献
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本文通过人工模拟降雨技术,在46个测点上取得实测资料。采用曲线拟合法,得到了时间与地表径流系数的关系方程、渗透时间与渗透总量的关系方程、渗透时间与渗透速率的关系方程、渗透速率与渗透总量的关系方程,这些方程分别采用y=a(1-e~)~b、y=a+bx+cx~2、y=f_c+(f_o-f_c)e~、y=ae~(b/x)模型时,可以得到良好的拟合效果。并对46个测试区都作出了实测曲线的拟合方程,还对其渗透特性作了探讨。 相似文献
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[目的]为紫色土侵蚀的相关研究提供参考。[方法]试验在盐亭站7个不同坡度、不同土层厚度的径流小区进行,每小区进行两种土壤含水量(10%和20%)的降雨试验,研究雨前土壤含水量对紫色土坡耕地地表产流过程的影响。[结果]当雨前土壤含水量较高时,地表产流较快且径流上升较快,在降雨6 min后开始产流,产流10 min后地表径流达到稳定;而土壤含水量较低时,降雨10 min后才开始产流,产流25 min后地表径流达到稳定;当产流稳定后,2种土壤含水量条件下的稳定入渗率差异不明显,相对偏差小于10%。雨前土壤含水量较高时,地表径流量较大。[结论]雨前土壤含水量对地表产流过程的影响主要体现在降雨初期。 相似文献
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直播水稻田田面水氮素动态变化及径流损失研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]为直播水稻田的合理施用氮肥和灌水及防止氮素污染地表水提供科学依据.[方法]通过田间试验,对太湖流域丹阳地区直播水稻田田面水氮素动态变化特征及径流损失进行研究.[结果]施肥使田面水氮素浓度迅速提高,施氮后第1天田面水TN和NH+4-N的浓度达峰值43.99和23.31 mg/L,第7天分别下降至峰值的23.50%~30.02%和16.22%~23.84%;田面水的NO-3-N浓度在施氮后第3天达最大值7.51 mg/L,随后逐渐下降.施氮后3~5 d内,田面水NH+4-N/TN比值达动态观察期中的最大值0.50~0.69,此后逐渐降低.田面水NO-3-N/TN比值也先升后降,均在0.31以下.丹阳当季直播稻田TN地表径流损失量为23.84 kg/hm2,占施氮量的5.05%;NH+4-N流失量为13.24 kg/hm2,占施氮量的2.88%.烤田排水TN径流损失为13.49 kg/hm2,占总施氮量的2.93%.[结论]NH+4-N是稻田田面水氮素的主要形态,施氮后7 d是防止稻田氮素流失的关键时期. 相似文献
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YanHua CHEN Le WANG ShuXiang ZHANG Ning GUO ChangBao MA ChunHua LI MingGang XU GuoYuan ZOU 《中国农业科学》2019,52(24):4540-4554
【Objective】The quality of cultivated land is a key factor affecting soil productivity, which serves also as scientific basis for rational fertilization. Cinnamon soil is the main soil type at the production area of wheat and corn in China. This study examined the current status of cultivated land quality and the evolution characteristics of cinnamon soil during the past 31 years (1988-2018). Though considering the evolution of fertilizer application rate, their influence on productivity was studied, and the guidance for reducing fertilizer input and increasing efficiency in cinnamon soil area was proposed.【Method】Using the data of 103 long-term (31 years) location test points in China, the evolution of cinnamon soil cultivated land quality was analyzed by combining physical and chemical indexes. The factors influencing the yield were compared through the redundancy analysis (RDA). Based on these results, reasonable suggestions were put forward to reduce fertilizer input and increase efficiency in cinnamon soil area.【Result】(1) The present situation and evolution of soil physical and chemical properties in cinnamon soil area were shown in the study. Specifically, the average values of organic matter content, available phosphorus and available potassium in 2018 were 17.9 g·kg -1, 29.2 mg·kg -1-and 164 mg·kg -1, respectively, which represented an increase of 21.2%, 200.9% and 52.0% during 31years, respectively. The average values of total nitrogen and slow available potassium in 2018 were 1.1 g·kg -1 and 945 mg·kg -1, respectively, which remained relatively stable during the monitoring period. The contents of soil secondary elements and micronutrient elements and heavy metals were in an acceptable range. The pH was reduced by 0.3 unit. Topsoil thickness was 21.9 cm and bulk density was 1.33 g·cm -3, which belonged to the middle level. (2) The fertilizer application rate in cinnamon soil area was 730.2 kg·hm -2 in 2018. The proportion of N (N):P (P2O5):K (K2O) was about 2:1:1, and the proportion of chemical fertilizer to organic fertilizer was about 3.45:1. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 378.9 kg·hm -2, which was stable during the past 31 years. The application rate of phosphate and potassium fertilizer decreased by 24.1% and 50.8%, respectively. (3) The wheat yield showed an upward trend during 31 years, and the maximum reached 6 651 kg·hm -2 at the end of monitoring, which was 27.6% higher than the value at the initial stage. The corn yield was stable, reaching 8 851 kg·hm -2 at the end of monitoring. The contribution rate of soil fertility in wheat season and corn season was 49.0% and 59.6%, respectively. The yield was influenced by soil physical factors, including the thickness of plough layer (which could explain the wheat production for 2.7%, denoted as explanation rate), bulk density (explanation rates of wheat and corn productions for 1.2% and 1.5%, respectively) and chemical index, such as organic matter explanation rates of wheat and corn productions for 2% and 1.7%, respectively, and available phosphorus (explanation rate of corn for 3.6%). The explanation rates of potassium fertilizer were the highest for wheat and corn productions, which reached 5.6% and 6%, respectively. The explanation rates of phosphorus fertilizer for wheat yield (1.3%) and of nitrogen fertilizer for corn yield (1.3%) were also relatively high.【Conclusion】The cultivated land quality in cinnamon soil area has been improved in 31 years, but the overall fertility was low and the physical properties were in middle level. Considering the impact of land quality on productivity, different fertilization schemes needed to be formulated for wheat and corn. Both of which needed to increase the input of potassium fertilizers, and focused on ensuring the supply of phosphorus fertilizers for wheat and nitrogen fertilizers for corn. Physical indicators needed to be highly concerned. The topsoil thickness and bulk density were at a medium level, but there was no need to continue to optimize, and maintaining the status quo was more conductive to obtaining high yield. 相似文献
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《江西农业学报》2022,(10)
为探究淹水栽培和土表充分湿润对蕹菜产量品质和设施土壤的影响,以蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)为材料,设置淹水栽培、土表充分湿润、常规旱栽3个处理,以不种植蕹菜为空茬对照。比较分析了2种水作处理和常规旱栽蕹菜的产量和土壤N、P、K转移量,以及不同栽培方式下不同土层的前后土壤EC值、土壤速效养分。结果表明:淹水栽培、土表充分湿润、常规旱栽蕹菜的产量分别为335.25、245.65和121.15 t/hm2;折合N、P、K的转移量分别为4319.12、2475.45、1281.18 kg/hm2;折合N、P、K的转移量分别为4319.12、2475.45、1281.18 kg/hm2;耕作层土壤盐分分别下降49.87%、44.58%和14.52%,空茬对照则上升273.07%。说明夏季种植蕹菜能转移较多养分,以淹水栽培效果最好,土表充分湿润,夏季空茬易导致盐渍化。 相似文献
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煤矿开采对岩溶区水质及土壤的污染与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对研究区煤矿开采背景下的土壤和地表河进行了重金属含量分析,并进行了质量评价。结果表明,地表河S1~S8样点Zn、Cd、Cu、As含量最高的为S1,Cr含量最高的为S3,Ni含量最高为S4;S1、S4、S5水样污染因子均为Cd、Zn,S2、S3、S6水样污染因子为Zn,质量级别均为中等。综合因子指数最大的为S1,质量级别为中等,最小的为S8,质量级别为好。土壤T1~T6样地As、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Zn含量最高的为T1,As、Cu、Cr、Pb、Ni含量最低的为T5,Cd含量最低的为T6,Zn含量最低的为T4,样地污染因子均为Cd,质量级多为很坏,综合质量级别为中等-坏-很坏。 相似文献
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利用统计学方法和空间分析,对鞍山宋三灌区稻田土壤重金属含量进行了分析研究。结果表明,利用工业废水进行灌溉的稻田,土壤环境质量明显低于利用河水和城市生活污水进行灌溉的区域,土壤重金属Cd和Hg分别超标1.8倍和2.2倍。空间分析结果显示,污灌区土壤重金属含量的空间差异明显,6种重金属污染物空间分布的峰值均出现在工业废水进行灌溉的区域。由此所得结论是:工业废水中的污染物质对农田土壤环境影响明显,应避免直接用于农田灌溉;在农田土壤环境保护工作中,在对重点污染物进行分析的同时,应加强对重点区域的监测。 相似文献