鸭疫李氏杆菌病的研究进展

鸭疫李氏杆菌病是由鸭疫李氏杆菌引起的一种主要危害雏鸭的急、慢性传染病。为了更有效的预防此病，本就鸭疫李氏杆菌病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状及病理变化、诊断、防治等研究进展进行了综述。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病的诊断与防治

鸭疫里氏杆菌病原名鸭疫巴氏杆菌病又名鸭传染性浆膜炎。它是由鸭疫里氏杆菌（Reimerellaanatipestifer）引起的鸭的一种接触性传染病。此病在国外1932年就有报道。国内则于1980年后由北京和广东先后证实了该病的存在。该病近两年来在我区养鸭密集的南宁、柳州、北流、贵港、横县、宾阳等市、县流行较为严重，已成为危害我区小鸭的主要传染病之一。现将综合诊断及防治情况报告如下。1流行特点此病一般发生于10～60日龄左右的鸭，但主要危害10～30日龄小鸭，最早可见7日龄雏鸭发病，呈急性经过；对日龄以后的鸭发病多呈亚急性、慢性经过。发…     

鸭疫巴氏杆菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验

鸭疫巴氏杆菌病又称为鸭传染性浆膜炎，是一种急性败血性传染病，死亡率高达90％。据报道，其病原菌血清型至少有21种。本病主要发生于7～20日龄的雏鸭，实际上40日龄以上的小鸭亦可发病。该病主要危害家鸭，某些报道认为火鸡和鹅等禽类亦可发病。本病临床症状表现为流泪流涕、共济失调，其病变主要表现为浆膜表面的纤维素性渗出，以心包膜、肝脏表面最为显著。     

WZ型鸭疫里氏菌对抗菌药物的敏感试验

鸭疫里氏杆菌病，是由鸭疫里氏菌（RiemerellaAnatipestiler，RA）感染所致的一种接触性传染病，该病又称新鸭病、鸭败血症、鸭疫综合征、传染性浆膜炎和鸭疫巴氏杆菌病等。RA宿主范围广泛，除鸭外，火鸡、鹅、雉鸡、鹌鹑以及鸡等亦可感染发病，但少见。饲养管理水平差，应激因素的影响，缺乏维生素和微量元素，以及并发病的存在，都能诱发本病的发生和加剧死亡。[第一段]     

鸭传染性浆膜炎的预防与治疗

随着东营地区畜牧养殖业的不断发展 ,鸭的饲养规模不断扩大 ,鸭的品种也不断增加。但鸭病也有多发趋势 ,自 1 999年春季以来 ,各个饲养场、点不断出现一种鸭的传染病 ,使各个鸭场遭受了不同程度损失。笔者调查了鸭的这种病的流行学病史 ,经过临床检查 ,在实验室分离到一株革兰氏阴性杆菌 ,初步诊断为鸭疫里氏杆菌 (原名鸭疫巴氏杆菌 )。1　流行病学检查本病发生于各品种的鸭。由于本地区的鸭主要从外地引进 ,现东营地区没有孵化场 ,引进的鸭一般在 60日龄以上 ,所以发病的日龄都在 60～ 70日龄以上。开产后鸭群也常发病。发病后 ,鸭排粪稀、…     

武汉地区鸭疫巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定

２０００年３～５月,对送检于华中农业大学兽医院的病鸭进行病理剖检及细菌分离鉴定,确定送检病例５０％以上由鸭疫巴氏杆菌（ＰＡ）引起,其发病日龄为７～５０日龄。从病鸭的脑脊液、心血、肝等均易分离到ＰＡ。药敏试验显示所有菌株对氯霉素高度敏感。此次试验结果说明,在武汉地区鸭疫巴氏杆菌确已存在,并已成为严重危害当地养鸭业的重要疾病之一。     

云南省雏鸭鸭疫里氏杆菌病病原的分离鉴定

云南省红河地区的鸭群中流行一种以鼻分泌物增多、腹泻、头颈歪斜、角弓反张及脚肢无力或麻痹为特征的传染病，对现场数十只病死鸭剖检，可见纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎及脑膜充血等较为一致的病理变化；从大多数病死鸭的脑、肝、脾、等组织中分离出形态一致的革兰氏阴性球杆菌，经对分离菌进行培养特性、形态特征观察和生化试验，鉴定为鸭疫里氏杆菌（Piemerellan anatipestifer)用分离株人工感染7日龄健康雏鸭，复制出与肆病雏鸭相同的病例。证明 区的雏鸭群中存在鸭疫里氏杆菌病。     

鸭传染性浆膜炎的诊断和治疗

鸭传染性浆膜炎又名鸭疫里氏杆菌病，原名鸭疫巴氏杆菌病，主要侵害2-3周龄雏鸭，能引起雏鸭的大批死亡和发育迟缓，造成很大的经济损失，是当前危害养鸭业的主要传染病之一。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病诊治报告

鸭疫里氏杆菌病又称鸭疫巴氏杆菌病，是一种主要侵害雏鸭、雏火鸡等禽类的急性或慢性传染病。该病以全身浆膜广泛性纤维素性渗出为主要特征，故又名传染性浆膜炎。自从1904年Riemere报道在鹅群中发生该病后，该病逐渐传播到全球所有集约化养鸭的国家和地区。随着养鸭业向集约化、工厂化发展，     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病灭活疫苗的研制

从河北省某肉鸭场的鸭疫里氏杆菌病发病鸭中分离出鸭疫里氏杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)菌株。对该菌株采用液体、固体两种方法增菌培养后制成油乳剂灭活疫苗，以0.5mL/只剂量经皮下免疫7日龄雏鸭，并在河北省某发病肉鸭场进行了田间试验，表明该疫苗免疫效果良好，保护率达90％以上。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。