浅谈基层动物防疫工作存在的问题及对策

动物防疫工作关系到畜牧业经济可持续发展,关系到人民群众身体健康和生命安全。而基层的动物防疫工作又是整个动物防疫工作基础,做得好坏直接关系其成败。为此我们认真贯彻实施《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《动物重大疫情应急条例》和《上海市动物防疫条例》,圆满地完成上级下达的各项防疫任务,控制了重大动物疫病的发生与流行,保障了畜牧业的健康稳步发展,提高了农户的经济效益。     

浅谈我市动物防疫监督工作及几点建议

动物防疫监督是保障畜牧业发展和人们身体健康不可缺少的一项十分重要而有意义的工作。自国家出台《动物防疫法》后，动物防疫监督工作日趋完善。我市各级领导和广大动物防疫监督人员认真贯彻“预防为主”的方针，围绕动物防疫法，狠抓动物防疫监督机构建设，加强动物防疫监督力度，树立动物卫生执法新形象，为我市动物防疫监督工作和畜牧业发展起到积极推进作用。１ 动物防疫监督工作 随着兽医法律法规的日臻完善，我市的动物防疫监督已由对流通区域的监督发展成现在的法制化、规范化监督管理。尤其这两年，着重抓了《动物防疫法》的宣传、…     

以检促防、防检结合开创动物防疫工作新局面

随着《动物防疫法》的深入贯彻实施，如何搞好动物防疫、真正落实“以预防为主”的方针，从源头做到提高群众对动物防疫工作的认识和动物防疫密度，保护畜牧业健康发展和人体健康是法律赋予我们动物防疫工作者义不容辞的责任，动物防疫网络化、社会化、制度化是发展的必然趋势，就如何搞好动物防疫结合工作浅谈一些做法。     

新《动物防疫法》实施中遇到的问题及其对策

新修订《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》（下简称《动物防疫法》）于2008年1月1日起实施,标志我国动物疫病防控工作进入一个新阶段。一直以来,玉林市高度重视动物防疫工作,认真贯彻实施《动物防疫法》,做了大量有效的工作,为推动玉林市畜牧业的发展、人民群众身体健康和社会稳定做出了积极贡献。     

病害动物及动物产品无害化处理措施

随着畜牧业规模不断扩大,动物及动物产品的流动性不断增强。在动物防疫监督执法过程中,查处收缴的病害动物及动物产品数量不断增加,如何处理好这些病害动物及动物产品是动物防疫监督执法人员的一项重要职责,关系着动物食品安全和畜牧业的健康发展。故此,在严格执行农业部《病死及死因不明动物处置办法》、     

《动物防疫法》大家谈

《动物防疫法》是我国兽医领域内最早出台的一部法律文件。自1998年颁布实施以来，对加强我国动物防疫工作，促进畜牧业健康发展起到了非常重要的作用。但是，随着兽医工作和形势的发展，给动物防疫工作提出了新的要求，有必要对《动物防疫法》进行修改。     

新《动物防疫法》实施中遇到的问题及其对策

新修订《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》（下简称《动物防疫法》）于2008年1月1日起实施,标志我国动物疫病防控工作进入一个新阶段。一直以来,玉林市高度重视动物防疫工作,认真贯彻实施《动物防疫法》,做了大量有效的工作,为推动玉林市畜牧业的发展、人民群众身体健康和社会稳定做出了积极贡献。     

《动物防疫法》实施中遇到的问题及对策

新修订《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》(下简称《动物防疫法》)实施以来,标志我国动物疫病防控工作进入一个新阶段。近年来,广西博白县高度重视动物防疫工作,认真贯彻实施《动物防疫法》,做了大量卓有成效的工作,为推动全县畜牧业的发展、人民群众身体健康和社会稳定做出了积极贡献。但是,博白县在《动物防     

建阳市动物防疫监督工作中存在的问题及改进建议

建阳市地处南平市中心,交通便利,动物流通量大,动物防疫工作底子薄,动物防疫工作更加艰难。好在《动物防疫法》及《福建省动物防疫和动物产品安全管理办法》的颁布与实施,体现了我国动物防疫监督工作真正步入法制化管理轨道,它明确了动物防疫监督所包含的防疫、检疫、监督、监控的内容,它对推进建阳市畜牧业发展有着极大的作用。但由于体制和法律不配套等原因,使得防疫监督工作的开展受到一定影响。现就动物防疫监督工作中存在的     

动物卫生执法者必须坚持“三要”、“三不要”

三要:要树立全心全意为广大养殖户服务的意识;要树立全心全意为发展畜牧业奋斗终身的意识;要树立全心全意为广大消费者提供安全健康动物产品的服务意识。三不要:不要不作为;不要慢作为;不要乱作为。1树立全心全意为广大养殖户服务的意识没有畜牧养殖,就没有畜牧业的发展,畜牧工作者就没有存在的意义,《畜牧法》是畜牧业的根本大法,《动物防疫法》是保护畜牧业健康发展的前置法,作为执行《动物防疫法》的从业人员,必须认真执行贯彻     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.