广西杉木良种选育现状与对策

简述了我国杉木良种选育概况,总结了广西杉木良种选育研究与良种基地建设现状。广西保存了优良家系和优良组合800多个,优良无性系900多个,筛选出了融水、金秀、那坡、隆林、贺县（八步）等优良种源,筛选出优良材料一批应用于种子园建设和营造速生丰产林。同时指出了存在问题,提出了今后杉木良种发展目标与策略,以推动广西杉木良种的发展。     

杉木优良家系繁殖技术及造林效果的研究

<正> 为了提高杉木生产潜力,本所先后营建了杉木初级种子园和杉木种源种子园各6.67公顷,并已生产种子园混系种子4520kg,优良家系种子600kg;评选出杉木优良种源8个,优良单亲家系40个,优良双亲家系20个;推广杉木优良种源、优良家系和种子园种子造林近1万公顷。但其增产效益不同。从表1可以看     

杉木优良无性系繁殖技术

为营造杉木速生丰产林提供优质苗木,加速杉木优良无性繁殖工作,贵池区苗圃建立优良无性系原种圃2亩,无性系测定圃3亩,采穗圃13亩,扦插繁殖圃12亩,预计可采优良无性系穗条120多万根,繁殖优良扦插苗木40多万株,每年可供营造杉木速生丰产林8190多亩.该地区交通方便,光照充足,易于排灌,土壤条件适应杉木苗生长.根据本人在贵池苗圃培育实践,总结繁殖技术如下.     

在多代杉木林地上营造多树种混交林以防止地力衰退试验初报

多代杉木林地的地力衰退是围绕杉木产区林业发展的一个不容忽视的问题。该试验是在多代杉木人工低产林地上营造杉木优良种源子代苗、马尾松、桤木、泡桐、毛竹等多种树种混交林，以期通过生物自身的力量，改善林地土壤理化性和水肥条件，达到提高土壤肥力的目的。     

永福县推广杉木无性系扦插育苗

杉木产量和经济价值高,是永福县造林的优良树种。在良种紧缺的情况下,为实现快速、优质杉木造林良种化提供有优良的种苗,我们推广了杉木无性系扦插育苗,主要方法为: 一、选地作床     

对杉木炭疽病抗病性测定的初步研究

<正> 杉木炭疽病[Glomerella cingulata(Stonem.)Schr. et Spauld.]近年来已成为我国南方各省杉木林中普遍发生的病害,有的地方发病很严重,虽各地进行了研究和防治试验,但目前还缺少经济有效的防治方法。因而选育对炭疽病抗性较强的杉木优树家系,是大面积防治这种病害的重要途径。各地在选择杉木优树和建立种子园的过程中,虽然也注意了病虫害的问题,但一般尚不确知杉木优树是否具有优良的抗病特性,这是     

杉木不同优良品种苗期对比研究

在福建省将乐国有林场对不同种源的6个杉木优良品种进行了苗期对比试验。通过对苗高、地径、高径比及苗木质量分级的分析结果表明,参试杉木优良品种播种品质优良,苗木生长良好,质量高;苗高、地径、高径比在各品种苗木间差异达到极显著或显著水平;广西融水杉木种源种子是苗期表现最为优良的杉木品种。     

营造杉木火力楠混交林对林分生产力的效果研究

指出了由于长期以来营造单一的针叶树种,已经导致了林地的地力衰退、生产力下降等一系列生态问题,严重影响了林地的持续利用。为提高林分的抗逆性、稳定性,更好地发挥森林的多功能效益,营造多个树种的混交林已成为当前世界人工造林的共同趋势。由于火力楠是南亚热带常绿阔叶树种,生长快、适应性强、材质优良,是福建省优良的用材造林树种和改土树种。采用火力楠和杉木混交栽种,有利于种植效益的有效提高,也有利于生态环境保护。结合多年相关森林培育经验与广泛的社会实践调查研究,对杉木火力楠混交林和杉木纯林的生长量及改良林地土壤物理性状进行了比较分析,探明了杉木混交林的经济效益和生态效益,为杉木造林树种搭配、林种结构调整提供依据。     

屏边杉木的优良特性

屏边苗族自治县栽培杉木历史悠久,种源来自文山等地。解放前,多为农户零星栽培自用。建国后,国营迷拉地林场于1958年开始营造大面积人工杉木林。在国营林场的带动下,经过几十年的实践,杉木成了屏边主要用材林造林树种。并表现出独特的优良特性。杉木是我国南方的速生树种,栽培较为广泛,由于长期的人工栽培形成了各种环境型的地理种源,为选择当地适宜种源,屏边县于1977年先后3次引种了     

杉木无性系育种和良种繁育技术研究

<正> 杉木无性系育种是用科学的育种程序选出优株,是用无性繁殖产生后代的方法,此后代保持了优株的优良特性。此法比用有性繁殖可获得更高的遗传增益。我场自1978年开展杉木无性系育种试验以来,已用杉木无性系造林8.67公顷,并初选出190个杉木无性系。一、选优方法(一)单系和多系选择相结合我场从1973年以来,已筛选出杉木优良家系8个,最佳种源2个,从这些材料营造的2—8年生的杉木幼林中,进行单系选择,入选率一般为0.1—0.3%。1983年从三年生的优     

乐东拟单性木兰地理种源变异与选择研究

对乐东拟单性木兰14个种源种子、苗期以及幼林期生长性状进行了调查分析.结果表明:种子千粒质量、苗高、地径、叶长和叶宽等5个性状在种源间差异极显著;造林保存率种源间差异显著,来自北部的种源,如浙江龙泉种源保存率较高,而来自南部的海南尖峰岭种源保存率较低;幼林期4年生树高、5年生树高和胸径、6年生树高和胸径等5个主要生长性状种源间差异均达到极显著水平,其生长性状广义遗传力为0.855～0.930,说明乐东拟单性木兰幼林期主要生长性状的表型差异主要受遗传因素的控制;乐东拟单性木兰苗高和地径与纬度负相关,表明随种源纬度的升高,乐东拟单性木兰种源苗期生长有减小趋势;乐东拟单性木兰幼林期树高和胸径与经度正相关,与纬度极显著正相关.根据乐东拟单性木兰种源幼林期试验结果,选择出浙江龙泉、福建顺昌和湖南新宁3个优良种源.通过聚类分析,把乐东拟单性木兰种源初步划分为3个区:西部种源区、东部种源区和南部种源区.     

西南桦在广东省中部引种初报

西南桦是我国热带、南亚热带地区的优良乡土阔叶树种。文章对广西壮族自治区11个西南桦种源在广东省中部引种的苗期及幼林生长性状进行了分析,结果表明:引种西南桦的地径、苗高以及幼树高生长在种源间、家系间差异极显著,种源内遗传变异大于种源间,家系遗传力高于种源。依据苗期地径选择出表现良好的5个种源,在其中选择出35个优良家系,遗传增益为14.59%;根据苗高在5个优良种源中选择20个优良家系,遗传增益达到21.27%。幼林阶段高生长与苗期略有变化,根据幼树高生长指标在5个优良种源中进一步选出25个优良家系,遗传增益达到10.03%。     

Selection in a provenance trial of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) produced a land race with desirable properties

Selections were made within East European Norway spruce provenances in a provenance trial in northern Sweden and the selected clones were grafted in a Norwegian seed orchard mixed with plus trees of local origin. Full-sib families were generated by controlled crosses, producing sets of both inter- and intraprovenance families, which were planted in two short-term and in long-term trials. Measurements were made of frost damage, tree height, annual shoot growth rhythm and lammas shoots, and genetic parameters were estimated. The intraprovenance families from selected trees of East European origin showed the least variation in all traits and had the lowest heritability values. The variation among the intraprovenance families of local origin was large and with the highest estimates of heritability. The means of the provenance hybrid families were intermediate between those of the intraprovenance families. Strong genetic correlations were present between the growth rhythm traits measured, and in the family group of local origin also between these traits and frost damage, as well as for lammas shoots and height. The progenies of the selected parents of East European origin seem to be a desirable land race with less damage, lower percentage of lammas shoots and less variability in growth capacity.     

苦楝家系生长性状相关分析与单株选育

以河南省国有温县苗圃试验地6个种源的180个家系的实生苦楝为研究对象进行生长性状差异性分析。结果表明,180个家系间胸径、树高和冠幅差异极显著;6个种源间胸径和树高差异极显著。对试验地现存的苦楝个体生长性状进行相关分析,结果表明,树高与胸径、枝下高、冠幅,胸径和冠幅表现出极显著相关。对苦楝180个家系进行选优,共选出32个优良家系,其中渭南种源12个,郑州种源15个,兰考种源2个,新乡种源3个。对1211株苦楝个体进行无性系选优,共选出90株优良无性系苦楝,选中的家系和个体可用于下一步的选优选育。     

Inbreeding depression in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus tereticornis</Emphasis> Sm. due to cleistogamous flowering

A provenance cum progeny trial comprising 13 provenances and 91 families of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. of Australian and Papua New Guinean (PNG) origin was laid out in India in 2002. In one family emanating from CSIRO seed lot no. 13418, (tree no. DS000141) Sirinumu Sogeri Plat, PNG cleistogamy was observed earlier. This trait appears to be under genetic control, and presumably results in obligate selfing. In the present study, the effect of forced selfing, was examined in this family after 48 months of field planting. Severely depressed seed set, germination percent, field growth and survival in relative comparison to other out crossing families was noticed. Inbreeding depression was noticed in growth traits viz. height, clean stem height, DBH, branching and survival per cent, which increased with age. High coefficient of variation was observed in family bearing cleistogamous flowers than the other predominantly out-crossed families.     

七叶树种间和种内生长与形态差异

七叶树(Aesculus spp.)是重要的药用经济树种,传统中药娑罗子即为七叶树种子,通常用于治疗胃寒腹胀、小儿疳积、痢疾等病症.国外在18世纪初就将欧洲七叶树(A.hippocastanum L.)种子和幼枝外皮的乙醇制剂用于解热和治疗痔疮、静脉曲张等疾病.     

Provenance and family variation in growth performance of Eucalyptus tereticornis (Sm.) in a provenance cum progeny trial in Midnapore, India

Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. is an important species for agroforestry and commercial plantations in India. Results of a combined provenance–progeny trial of E. tereticornis laid out in 2002 at Midnapore (West Bengal) located in eastern tropical region of India are reported and discussed. Twelve provenances representing 70 families from Australia and Papua New Guinea were evaluated up to the age of 3 years. As a local seed source open-pollinated seed collected from a land race, i.e., Mysore gum (commonly known as Eucalyptus hybrid) was used to serve as check material (control). Significant variation in plant height, clean stem height, girth at breast height (GBH) and field survival was observed due to provenances, as well as families within provenances. This offers an ample scope to a breeder for increasing the growth and productivity in E. tereticornis through selection of provenances and families having potential for higher productivity. Heritability (narrow sense) values were appreciable for growth traits. Within provenance individual tree heritability estimates for height, clean stem length, GBH and number of branches at age 3 years were 0.318, 0.215, 0.269 and 0.231, respectively (assuming a coefficient of relationship of 0.4 for open-pollinated families of E. tereticornis). Provenance of Walsh River, Queensland Australia performed best for plant height, clean stem height, GBH, number of branches and field survival. Apart from this, the provenance from Oro bay to Emo, Papua New Guinea and Burdekin river, Queensland also showed good performance. Provenance from Yurammie, SF from New South Wales performed poorest for growth and survival. Correlations on growth traits were high and statistically significant, indicating that substantial gains could be achieved through indirect selection for one trait based on the direct selection for another. Age–age genetic correlations between age 1 and 3 years for the growth traits were highly significant and positive. Geographic clinal variation pattern was observed as latitude was negatively correlated with height and GBH (P < 0.05); longitude with number of branches (negative, P < 0.05). Fair differences were observed between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability.     

福建永安光皮桦种源家系试验初报

应用采自南方5省区光皮桦(Betula luminiferaH.Winkl.)天然林的12个种源176个家系种子在福建永安进行了苗期测定,并在3个不同海拔高度开展造林试验,调查其1年生幼林的树高、地径,据此对优良种源、家系进行了初步选择。结果表明:光皮桦苗期高生长在种源家系间差异显著;1年生幼林各种源、家系、海拔间树高和地径差异均极显著,种源和海拔的交互作用对树高影响极显著,而对地径影响不显著;种源遗传力高于家系,树高遗传力高于地径;以树高为主要指标,初步筛选出适合当地生长的5个优良种源,并选择出适合不同海拔的优良家系各30个,其种源遗传增益达13.27%,家系遗传增益为12.84%,选择效果良好。     

Inter- and intra-provenances variations in seed size and seedling characteristics of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss in Burkina Faso

Within- and between-provenance variations in seed and seedling traits of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss were studied at INERA in Burkina Faso. Nursery grown seedlings from four provenances in Burkina Faso were used for the study. The studies revealed significant variability in all traits evaluated. Seed length and weight significantly varied among provenances and families within provenances, where Bopiel and Koyenga had the highest mean values. Height and root collar diameter of 1 year old seedlings significantly varied among families within provenances. Except leaf biomass ratio and carbon isotope ratio which varied significantly among provenances but not among families within provenances, all other seedling biomass traits—total plant biomass, stem biomass ratio, leaf biomass ratio, root biomass ratio, root shoot ratio, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio were significantly affected by provenances and families within provenances. The magnitude of variation due to family effect ranged from 65 to 93 % for seed size traits, and from 4.5 to 17.8 % for seedling characters. Estimates of family heritability were moderate to high (0.67–0.95) for seed traits, but low to moderate (0.19–0.59) for seedling characters, indicating that much of the total variation in seed traits is due to the genetic effect. The two most prominent provenances, Koyenga and Bopiel, with higher seed size and greater seedling growth could be considered for an eventual K. senegalensis improvement program in Burkina Faso.     

28年生马尾松种源试验林遗传变异及选择

以28年生马尾松种源试验林为对象,探讨了马尾松种源遗传变异规律。研究结果表明,马尾松种源间存在极显著差异,这种差异主要表现在生长性状中,并强烈受到遗传因素控制。以树高、胸径、材积构建马尾松种源及单株选择指数方程,选择出12个马尾松优良种源和33株优良单株。这些优良种源平均材积遗传增益达34.75%,优良单株平均材积遗传增益达141.48%,选择效果明显。对比早期选择结果发现,广西岑溪及江西崇义种源速生性具有稳定性,福建种源速生性在后期能完全表现。