Ophthalmomyiasis externa in a puppy due to Cuterebra infestation

An 8 wk old Scottish terrier was evaluated for a 2×2 cm mass located directly adjacent to the lateral canthus of the right eye. Examination revealed a well-developed Cuterebra larva at the lateral aspect of the orbital cavity, anchored at the lateral canthus. The larva was manually removed under general anesthesia, and the eyelid margin was repaired. Systemic and topical antibiotics along with systemic anti-inflammatory treatment were instituted. The lesion healed completely, revealing a normal functional right eye 10 days after removal of the Cuterebra larva. Careful manual removal of the larva is recommended along with correction of any resultant conformational defects. The remaining cavity can be left to heal; however, antibiotic therapy is recommended.     

Ophthalmomyiasis interna anterior in a dog: keratotomy and extraction of a Cuterebra sp. larva

A 1‐year‐old female spayed mixed‐breed dog was presented for evaluation of acute onset of lethargy and blepharospasm OD. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopy revealed a segmented larva embedded in the inferonasal iris. Moderate anterior uveitis was present. After pharmacologic dilation, mild vitreal hemorrhage and chorioretinal migration tracks were identified. The dog was treated empirically for uveitis for 5 days, after which a keratotomy and larval foreign body extraction was performed. The dog recovered uneventfully from intraocular surgery and remained visual and comfortable. Parasite evaluation confirmed the larva to be a Cuterebra sp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of canine ophthalmomyiasis interna anterior, and the first report of successful surgical removal from the anterior segment in a dog with preservation of vision.     

Oestrus ovis infestation of a dog in the UK

In March 2011, a dog on a sheep farm in the Cotswolds, UK, expelled a mature live third-stage larva of the sheep nasal botfly, Oestrus ovis, after a violent and traumatic sneezing episode. The dog had been infected with first-stage larvae deposited by an adult fly the previous autumn; larval development had progressed throughout the winter and spring with few apparent clinical signs and possibly masked by ongoing immunotherapy for an unrelated condition. Identification of the parasite at the Liverpool School of Veterinary Science was made from a submitted puparium, the "chrysalis" stage to which the larva had progressed within days of its expulsion from dog's nose. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of nasal botfly infestation of a dog in the UK.     

人纹污灯蛾的虫态及其天敌绒茧蜂研究

人纹污灯蛾在太湖流域桑园内一年发生3代,代次分明,以蛹越冬;人纹污灯蛾幼虫期发生量很大,但基本上为天敌绒茧蜂所控制;第1代幼虫被绒茧蜂寄生率58%～60%,第2代为47%～49%,第3代为28%～29%,致发生量均在防治临界点以下.幼虫食性杂,喜阴暗潮湿,怕阳光.眠期不喜伏于桑叶上,3龄眠起后不再上桑树为害等习性,故人纹污灯蛾是桑园中第一只不需防治的桑叶虫害.     

桑盾蚧盗瘿蚊的研究

对桑盾蚧盗瘿蚊(Lestodiplosis pentagona Jiang nov.sp.)的形态特征、生活习性及其与桑盾蚧的关系等进行了探讨。该虫为捕食桑盾蚧的天敌,幼虫捕食桑盾蚧的卵、雄蛹和雌成虫,并以幼虫、蛹在介壳下越冬。成虫日间均可羽化,以黄昏为最盛;具有趋光性和补充营养期,性比随羽化时刻、季节与地区而异,但总体上雌虫多于雄虫。幼虫耐饥,无猎物亦可化蛹直至羽化;具有趋湿性和环境引起的群集性;其分布数量与雌蚧密度呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9843。试验结果表明:在室内保护条件下,对桑盾蚧的捕食率可高达93％以上,为自然状态的4倍;不同杀蚧剂对该虫的毒性不同,如柴油(原液)毒性很大,洗衣粉液(10倍)毒性较轻。保护天敌和筛选杀蚧剂非常重要。     

Septic peritonitis due to colonic perforation associated with aberrant migration of a Gasterophilus intestinalis larva in a horse

An adult quarter horse mare was presented with acute colic and fever. Physical examination and abdominocentesis showed septic peritonitis, and the mare was euthanatized. Necropsy and histopathologic examination revealed a focal partial perforation of the right ventral colon, which contained a single bot fly larva, identified as a third-instar larva of Gasterophilus intestinalis. This larva was embedded deep within the muscularis and the submucosa. Although bot fly larvae are known to attach to aberrant sites within the digestive tract, this is the first known report of deep penetration of the colon by a gasterophilus larva, with the resulting leakage of intestinal content leading to septic peritonitis.     

蝇蛆油对实验动物皮肤的刺激性、过敏性及烫伤治疗药效研究

蝇蛆具有良好的药用价值,蝇蛆油对试验动物损伤也有良好的治愈效果.试验证明蝇蛆油对正常皮肤及破损皮肤均无刺激性作用,对皮肤也无过敏反应.药效学试验表明,蝇蛆油溶液对浓盐酸引起的化学致炎及烧伤具有明显的治疗作用.     

Ophthalmomyiasis interna anterior in a cat: surgical resolution

A 4-year-old Domestic short-haired cat was presented for severe anterior uveitis in the right eye associated with a Cuterebra spp. larva in the anterior chamber. This report describes successful surgical removal of the parasite with preservation of vision.     

桑螟绒茧蜂搜索寄主利它素的存在部位和生物活性测定

对桑螟绒茧蜂(ApantelesheterusiaeWilkinson)搜索寄主利它素的存在部位、作用方式、热稳定性及其分离提取方法的研究结果表明刺激桑螟绒茧蜂搜索寄主的利它素存在于寄主幼虫、为害叶、粪便之中,热稳定性好,能被甲醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿所抽提。搜索寄主利它素的应用不仅可增强桑螟绒茧蜂的搜索活动,缩短寄生时间,还能够提高对寄主幼虫的寄生效能。     

Anterior lens capsule disruption and suspected malignant glaucoma in a dog

A Boston Terrier puppy presented with a full-thickness peripheral corneal defect, iris prolapse and anterior lens capsule tear in the left eye (OS). Phacofragmentation and primary repair of the corneal laceration was performed. At surgery, subluxation of the lens was also apparent. One day postoperative, there was severe corneal edema, diffuse hyphema, an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 65 mmHg and a small amount of vitreous that protruded from the corneal incision OS. Malignant glaucoma or pupillary block glaucoma were suspected. Intravenous mannitol was administered preoperatively and had no effect. An anterior vitrectomy was performed on the vitreous within the anterior chamber and pupil. One day postoperative the IOP was 16 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 20 mmHg OS. Postoperative iridocyclitis was managed medically, and additional elevations in IOP were not recorded. Resolution of the elevated IOP following anterior vitrectomy was supportive of pupillary block or malignant glaucoma. Vision returned 3 weeks after the initial surgery. Two years after the initial injury, the eye is visual and comfortable with infrequent topical anti-inflammatory therapy.     

卤蝇蛹壳对鲤鱼生长性能的影响研究

卤蝇蛹壳富含蛋白质，在我国盐湖中广泛分布。此研究通过饲养试验对卤蝇蛹壳营养价值进行初步评定，为该生物资源的开发提供基础依据。饲养试验表明：以卤蝇蛹壳作为唯一蛋白源，对鲤鱼的生长发育具有促进作用，饲养过程未发现卤蝇蛹壳对鲤鱼有抗营养作用或毒副作用。     

Factors affecting length of productive life in Swedish commercial sows

The objective of this study was to investigate factors that might influence the length of productive life in Swedish crossbred (Landrace x Yorkshire) sows. The data set consisted of 20,310 sows farrowing between 2001 and 2004 in 21 commercial piglet-producing herds. Productive life (PL) was defined as the number of days between first farrowing and removal or termination of data collection. In addition to the overall risk analysis of PL, another 4 longevity traits were analyzed (competing risk analyses): reproductive disorder-determined length of PL (RPL), udder problem-determined length of PL (UPL), lameness-determined length of PL (LPL), and mortality-determined length of PL (MPL). Analyses were performed by using survival analysis, applying a Weibull model with 6 time-dependent and 1 time-independent variable (age at first farrowing). The factor with the largest contribution to the likelihood function for PL was days after farrowing, followed by parity, the herd x year combination, the total number of piglets born, days between weaning and next farrowing, farrowing month, and age at first farrowing. For all 4 competing risk traits, the factors contributing most to the likelihood function were days after farrowing, the herd x year combination, and parity, with a varied order between traits. The hazard for removal was greatest 30 to 40 d after farrowing (after weaning) for PL, UPL, and LPL (P < 0.001). However, for MPL the hazard was greatest just after farrowing (0 to 10 d), and for RPL the hazard peaked at 70 to 100 d after farrowing. The hazard for removal was, compared with parity 1, less in parities 2 to 7 and greater from parity 8 for PL (P < 0.001). The hazard was greatest in parity 1 (P < 0.01) for RPL, UPL, and LPL, whereas for MPL the hazard increased with greater parity number and was markedly greater from parity 9 (P < 0.001). Sows with litters of 9 piglets or less had a greater hazard for removal than sows with litters of 12 to 13 piglets (P < 0.001). Intervals between 120 and 122 d from weaning to the next farrowing showed the lowest hazard for removal (P < 0.001). The influence of farrowing month displayed no clear pattern for PL. Sows of 14 mo or older at their first farrowing had a 20% greater hazard for removal than younger sows (P < 0.001). The hazard for removal was greater for smaller litters in all parities but was more accentuated in greater parities. Overall, days after farrowing was the main risk factor for sow removal. Removal hazard was greatest shortly after weaning, and this peak increased with greater parity number.     

Surgical management of equine recurrent uveitis with single port pars plana vitrectomy

Current information suggests that equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an immune-mediated reaction to infectious agents or to autologous ophthalmic tissue. Recurrences are associated with progression of irreversible ocular damage. This report describes the intraoperative technique, complications, and long-term results of 38 eyes in 35 horses with ERU that underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The majority of the horses were warm-blooded. Recurrence of ERU was prevented in 35 of the 38 eyes. Some horses, especially in patients with incipient cataracts, developed vision loss in postoperative, quiescent eyes which was usually associated with cataract formation. Vision was stable in 85% of all eyes that underwent vitrectomy. Pars plana vitrectomy in horses appears successful in interrupting the cycle of repeated episodes of ERU, and the subsequent globe destruction in the majority of eyes. Removal of uveitis-induced 'immunologic memory' in the vitreous by vitrectomy may reduce adverse interaction between the vitreous and the uveal tract, and therefore reduce the recurrence of ERU.     

Conception rates in cows after various synchronisation techniques using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices

The effects of different treatments for oestrus synchronisation on the incidence of oestrus and fertility levels in dairy cows were studied in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, 200 lactating cows were allotted to 5 groups and the treatments imposed were either; 1: Untreated controls, 2: An injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol followed 13 days later by a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) inserted for 12 days, 3: A PRID, with a capsule containing 10 mg of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) attached, inserted for 12 days, 4: A PRID inserted for 12 days with 0.5 mg of cloprostenol administered 24 h before PRID removal or, 5: As for 4 but 14 days after fixed-time insemination a second PRID was inserted for 12 days. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus during the subsequent 30 days. The control group was inseminated at an observed oestrus during this 30-day period. For treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, the percentage of cows showing oestrus by 60 h after PRID removal was 70, 40, 67 and 43 and conception rates to the fixed time insemination were 34, 33, 49 and 29%. Calving rates of cows inseminated at an observed oestrus during a 30-day period were 70, 75, 70, 83 and 82% for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. In Experiment 2, 60 lactating cows were divided into 2 groups and the treatments imposed were either 1: An injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol followed 13 days later by a PRID inserted for 12 days or 2: As for 1 but 14 days after fixed-time insemination a second PRID was inserted for 12 days. Treated cows were inseminated 56 h after PRID removal and at an observed oestrus over a period from the first insemination to 6 days after removal of the second PRID. For treatments 1 and 2, respectively, 73 and 71% of cows showed oestrus by 60 h after removal of the first PRID and 40% and 46% conceived to the fixed time insemination. The conception rates to inseminations over the treatment period were 73 and 70% for treatments 1 and 2, respectively. None of the treatments resulted in conception rates which were lower than those of control cows provided that treated cows were reinseminated at observed oestrus. Treatment 4 provided the most practicable technique for oestrus synchronisation.     

Successful treatment of intratracheal cuterebrosis in two cats

Two cases of feline intratracheal myiasis due to Cuterebra spp. larvae are reported. Both cats presented with inspiratory dyspnea and a nonproductive cough. One larva was successfully removed during thoracotomy, and the other was removed during bronchoscopy using forceps passed through a bronchoscope operating channel. Clinical signs were alleviated following removal of the larvae.     

Influence of murine Toxocara canis infection on plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil numbers and its correlation with cytokine levels

Toxocara canis is a nematode of the Ascaridae family that normally parasites the small intestine of canid species. Humans are accidentally infected upon ingestion of embryonated eggs, and can manifest several clinical alterations such as fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory symptoms, muscle pain and anorexia. In the present work, we investigated the kinetics of tissue distribution of L2 larva in lungs, liver, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle and myocardium. Also, we analyzed the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for levels of IL-6, IFN-gamma, eotaxin and Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) in experimental murine T. canis infection. We observed liver, lung and kidney lesions correlated to larva migration as early as the first day of infection. After the seventh post-infection day, larva could also be detected in brain, skeletal muscle and heart, as an indicator of biphasic migration pattern. Increased inflammatory activity was detected in BAL and plasma of infected animals, as was an intense eosinophil migration associated with an increase in the levels of all the cytokines studied. In conclusion, our results establish a tight correlation between tissue lesions caused by larva migration and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory and eosinophil chemotactic cytokines. Thus, murine T. canis infection may prove to be useful in understanding the role of cytokines in infection.     

新蚕药蝇僵灵的防治效果试验

蝇僵灵是一种能防治多化性蚕蝇蛆和家蚕真菌性病害的新型多功能蚕药。对多化性蚕蝇蛆卵、蛆的最低有效杀灭浓度为 5 0 0倍 ;对家蚕真菌性病害病原孢子最低有效防治浓度为 6 0 0倍。生产实用浓度 375倍 ,对多化性蚕蛆蝇及真菌性病害的防治效果均达 95 %以上。对家蚕的半中毒剂量 (KD50 ) 4龄为 0 746 4μL/头或 0 92 75 μL/g,5龄 3 9390 μL/头或 1 886 0 μL/g ;全部中毒最低剂量 (MED) 4龄为 1 6 0 0 0 μL/头或 2 0 2 0 0 μL/g ,5龄为 12 80 0 0 μL/头或 6 0 95 2 μL/g ,最大安全剂量 (MPD) 4龄为 0 2 0 0 0 μL/头或 0 2 5 41μL/g,5龄为 0 80 0 0 μL/头或 0 333 3μL/g。蝇僵灵原药可自然贮放 2 5a,稳定性良好     

Horse infestation with the larva of the deer warble fly, Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1985 (Diptera, Hypodermatidae)

In South Bohemia a case was discovered of a yearling colt attacked by the larva of the IIIrd instar of the deer warble fly Hypoderma diana Brauer. The dead, almost mature larva of the fly was squeezed out of a subcutaneous lump above the shoulder in the first decade of April, 1985. The case is evaluated from the point of view of the possibility of the transition of specific parasites--warble flies--to another host. The attacking of a non-specific kind can occasionally occur only when there is a large number of the parasites and both kinds of host. At present the degree of attacking of deer by subcutaneous warble flies is high and therefore under favourable circumstances even domestic animals can be attacked by this type of warble fly. The above case is the first to be ascertained of a horse being attacked by a deer warble fly.     

Cerebral larva migrans in a raccoon (Procyon lotor)

During 1997, gross and histopathologic examinations were performed on an adult female raccoon (Procyon lotor) that was live-trapped in Corvallis, Oregon. Multifocal eosinophilic granulomas indicative of neural and visceral larva migrans were observed. However, within these granulomas, the presence of parasitic larva was seen only in the cerebrum. Morphologic characteristics indicated that the nematode was an ascarid larva. However, it was smaller than the larva of Baylisascaris sp. This appears to be the first documented case of cerebral larva migrans in a raccoon.     

The structure of the shell and polar plugs of the egg of the whipworm, Trichuris trichiura (Nematoda: Trichuridae) from the Samango monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis)

The structure of the shell of the egg of Trichuris trichiura was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirmed its three-layered structure and provided evidence that the cores of the polar plugs, which could be seen to be extensions of the shell's middle layer, could be lost en bloc, either mechanically or chemically, and in this way probably provided an exit for the first stage larva at hatching.