赤水乌骨鸡肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探讨肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因多态性及其与赤水乌骨鸡肉质的关联性。采用DNA池、PCR产物直接测序方法对赤水乌骨鸡MSTN基因的外显子进行多态性检测,结果发现,在赤水乌骨鸡MSTN基因的外显子1中检测到1个SNP位点C324T,表现为3种基因型,分别命名为CC、CT和TT,而在MSTN基因外显子2、3上没有发现多态位点。对基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,CT基因型胸肌、腿肌pH均显著高于CC和TT基因型（P<0.05）,CT基因型剪切力显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）,其他肉质性状在不同基因型间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。此结果提示,MSTN基因对赤水乌骨鸡pH和剪切力具有较大的遗传效应,初步推断 MSTN是控制这一性状的众多基因之一,且可能是影响赤水乌骨鸡pH和剪切力的一个主效基因或与主效基因相连锁,可作为选育赤水乌骨鸡pH和剪切力的分子标记,用于标记辅助选择意义重大。     

猪肉质性状基因及其定位研究进展

随着生活水平的提高，猪的肉质问题已引起消费者和养猪生产者的重视。遗传因素是改善肉质品质的关键。对猪的肉质性进行数量性状位点（QTL）定位是当前国际畜禽遗传育种的一个热点。介绍有关肉质基因定位的研究进展情况，包括基本明确的主效基因：氟烷基因和酸肉基因；肌肉脂肪的候选基因及基因扫描定位结果；以及肌纤维、嫩度、多汁性、失水率、pH和肉色的定位；同时讨论了所存在问题及对未来的展望。     

苏姜猪A-FABP基因遗传多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

研究采用PCR-RFLP技术分析苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪群体A-FABP基因遗传多态性,并用统计学方法分析基因座多态与肉质性状的相关性。结果表明:3个猪种A-FABP基因内含子1均具有Bsm I酶切多态性,分别检测到3种基因型(AA、AB和BB),χ~2适合性检验显示,3个猪种A-FABP基因型分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。多态信息含量(PIC)分析显示,3个品种猪均为中度多态;基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,不同基因型肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹差异显著,大理石纹AA、AB型显著高于BB型(P0.05),肌内脂肪含量AA显著高于AB、BB型(P0.05)。结论显示,苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪A-FABP基因intron 1多态性对肉质性状影响显著。     

影响猪肉质性状的基因

随着生活水平的提高，猪肉的肉质问题已引起消费者和生产者的重视，介绍了有关肉质基因的情况，包括基本明确的主效基因，氟烷基因，酸肉基因和其他肉质性状的基因。     

苏太猪CAST基因多态性与肉质性状的相关性研究

采用PCR-RFLP方法对72头苏太猪的钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(calpastatin,CAST)基因遗传多态性与肉质性状的相关性分析。对CAST基因第6内含子上MspⅠ、HinfⅠ、RsaⅠ三种酶切位点进行检测,结果表明:CAST基因第6内含子上,MspⅠ酶切位点的3种基因型间在肌肉的嫩度、pH值、系水力水平指标上均差异显著(P0.05);HinfⅠ酶切位点的3种基因型间在肌内脂含量指标上差异显著(P0.05),在肌肉嫩度上差异极显著(P0.01)。RsaⅠ酶切位点上也发现了3种基因型,但各基因型的不同性状间差异不显著(P0.05)。     

猪IGFBP2基因遗传多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

试验旨在探究胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2（insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2,IGFBP2）基因遗传变异对猪肉质性状的影响,为猪品种选育提供遗传学依据。参考GenBank中猪IGFBP2基因序列（登录号：BV727778）设计1对引物,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测IGFBP2基因在苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪中的遗传多态性,并分析基因座多态性与猪肉质性状的相关性。结果发现,3个猪种IGFBP2基因内含子3均具有Msp Ⅰ酶切多态性,分别检测到3种基因型：AA、AB和BB;χ²适合性检验显示,3个猪种IGFBP2基因基因型分布均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;多态信息含量（PIC）分析显示,3个猪种均为中度多态。IGFBP2基因不同基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,3个猪种不同基因型肉色、肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹差异显著,AA基因型肉色（姜曲海猪除外）、肌内脂肪含量均显著高于AB、BB基因型（P < 0.05）;AA、AB基因型大理石纹显著高于BB基因型（P < 0.05）,其余指标间差异不显著（P > 0.05）。综上,苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪IGFBP2基因内含子3多态性对肉质性状影响显著,可作为潜在影响猪肉质性状的候选基因。     

贵州地方猪种UCP3基因多态性与肉质性状的相关性分析

解耦联蛋白3(uncoupling protein 3,UCP3)是调节能量和脂肪代谢的重要因子。以商品猪(杂交猪)为对照,采用SSCP方法对贵州地方猪品种糯谷猪和萝卜猪的UCP3基因进行了多态性分析。结果表明:3个猪群体中,都检测到了3种基因型(AA、BB、AB),χ2独立性检验结果显示,3种基因型在3个群体间的分布不一致,糯谷猪和萝卜猪以AB基因型为主,杂交猪以BB基因型占优势,杂交猪与地方猪种之间的差异显著(P<0.01);对纯合基因型的UCP3基因片段进行克隆测序,证实AA基因型中UCP3基因外显子6编码区第842位碱基发生了单碱基突变(T→C),导致编码的氨基酸从苏氨酸突变为甲硫氨酸。进一步分析3种基因型与胴体和肉质性状之间的相关性,证明AB基因型个体的肉质最优,贵州地方猪种的大理石纹、肌内脂肪含量和嫩度3项指标显著优于商品猪(P<0.01),因此推测UCP3基因与贵州地方猪种的肉质性状具有相关性,可能是贵州地方猪种肉质性状的候选基因。     

猪A-FABP基因5'调控区多态性及与肉质性状的相关分析

以松辽黑猪和军牧1号白猪为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测A-FABP基因5'-调控区的多态性,并将不同基因型与肉质性状进行相关分析。结果表明:在5'-调控区的1 246～1 530 bp之间发现多态性位点,有AA、AB和BB 3种基因型;测序结果表明,在1 321 bp处存在C→A的碱基突变;该位点的多态性对松辽黑猪和军牧1号白猪的大理石纹均有显著影响(P0.05);BB型显著高于AA型或AB型,AA型和AB型之间差异不显著;对IMF含量均有极显著影响(P0.01);BB型或AB型极显著高于AA型,BB型和AB型之间差异不显著。由此推断,A-FABP基因可能是影响猪肉质性状的一个主效基因或是一个与影响肉质性状的QTL连锁的基因。     

猪肉质性状的评定及其主基因的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高 ,猪肉的品质问题受到广泛关注。文章较全面地论述了猪肉质的定义、评定及其主基因的研究现状及进展 ,并对今后深入开展猪肉质研究提出了意见和建议。     

牦牛FASN基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性研究

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对甘南牦牛、大通牦牛和天祝白牦牛的FASN基因第3内含子进行SNPs筛选,并将筛选到的突变位点与牦牛部分肉质性状进行相关性分析.结果发现,3个牦牛群体在第3内含子检测到g.5477 C→T的突变,由此产生3种基因型：HH、HG、GG.相关性分析表明,HH基因型和HG基因型个体的脂肪含量显著高于GG基因型个体（P＜0.05）.HH、HG、GG 3种基因型对失水率、熟肉率、pH24值和剪切力的影响差异不显著（P＞0.05）.     

The Polymorphisms of MSTN Gene and Its Relationship with Meat Quanlity Traits in Gaopo Pig

To explore the influence of Gaopo pig myostatin (MSTN) gene polymorphism on meat quanlity traits (moisture,crude fat,crude protein,crude ash, loin muscle area, marbling score, pH value, color of meat,tenderness,drip loss, water loss rate), MSTN gene was chosen as a candidate gene for research meat quality traits in this study. 50 Gaopo pigs at 10 months old were selected,the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of three exons of MSTN gene in Gaopo pig were detected by direct sequencing of PCR amplification products, and the correlation between MSTN gene SNP and meat quality traits was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that a C/T mutation had been found at 63 bp of MSTN gene exon 3,the site was silent mutation, and did not caused changes of encoding amino acid. Genotype analysis showed only three samples had mutations in the site, CC genotype was the dominant type and allele C was the dominant gene, but there was no TT homozygous genotype. The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed the research group obeyed the genetic equilibrium (P>0.05). Population genetic parameter analysis showed the heterozygosity (He) of C63T was lower, and had a low variation in Gaopo pig population. Polymorphism information content (PIC) analysis showed that it was a low polymorphic loci (PIC<0.25), and the site could provide a little genetic imformation. There was no significant difference between the different genotypes and meat quality traits (P>0.05).Given the above, the polymorphism of MSTNgene exon was found in Gaopo pig, with less variation and relatively conservative.It's needed to expand the number of sample for further explore whether the site could be considered as genetic markers for meat quality traits of Gaopo pig or not.     

Polymorphisms of MSTN Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Chishui Black-bone Chicken

This study was aimed to analyze the association of myostatin (MSTN) gene polymorphisms with meat quality traits in Chishui Black-bone chicken. The DNA pooling was constructed and the direct sequencing technology of PCR product was used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of MSTN gene. The results showed that C324T were detected in exon 1 of MSTN gene in Chishui Black-bone chicken. However, there was not found SNP site in exon 2 and exon 3 of MSTN gene. The C324T site was devised into three genotypes of CC, CT and TT. The association relationships between the genotype of MSTN gene and meat quality traits revealed that chest muscle pH and leg muscle pH value of Chishui Black-bone chicken with CT genotype were significantly higher than that of CC and TT genotypes (P<0.05), the shear force of CT genotype was significantly higher than that of TT genotype (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in other meat quality traits (P>0.05). This results suggested that the pH value and shear force of MSTN gene had a larger genetic effect in Black-bone chicken,MSTN gene was one of genes which could control the preliminary inference, might affect the pH value and shear force or with the main gene chain in Black-bone chicken, and could be used as pH value and shear force of molecular markers of Black-bone chicken.     

兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

为了解兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因SNPs与屠宰性状的相关性,本研究采用基因克隆及PCR产物直接测序的方法,将MSTN基因作为鸭屠宰性状的候选基因,对兴义鸭的MSTN基因外显子进行多态性检测.结果表明,在60个兴义鸭个体中筛选出8个SNPs,其中,第1外显子有5个突变位点:SNP1(G77A)、SNP2(A91G)、SNP3(G130A)、SNP4(C325T)和SNP5(C331T);在第2外显子中并未发现突变位点;第3外显子有3个突变位点:SNP6(C206T)、SNP7(A235G)和SNP8(C256A);对这8个SNPs与屠宰性状进行关联性分析,结果并未达到显著水平(P>0.05).本研究结果可丰富MSTN基因的研究数据,为鸭的育种提供参考.     

牛组织蛋白D基因多态性与肉质、胴体性状的关联分析

以51头西门塔尔和鲁西黄牛的杂交后代作为试验动物,扩增组织蛋白酶D(cathepsin D,CTSD)基因部分外显子,通过DNA测序方法检测到该基因第5、6、8外显子共4个SNPs(T581C、T599C、A861T、A1128G)的遗传变异。SAS软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将几个位点的不同基因型与牛肉质、胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,位于CTSD基因外显子5的T581C突变与大理石纹性状呈显著相关(P<0.05),BB基因型显著优于AA和AB基因型,这为T581C作为肉牛大理石纹的分子标记提供了一定的理论依据。     

藏羊脂联素基因多态性及其与产肉性能的相关性分析

利用高分辨率熔解曲线技术对176头2周岁的甘肃藏羊（欧拉型、甘加型、乔科型）脂联素基因SNPs位点进行检测,运用GLM模型将检测到的SNPs位点与部分胴体及肉质性状的相关性进行了分析.结果表明：在脂联素第2外显子发现＋67G＞C突变使编码氨基酸由谷氨酸突变为谷氨酰胺;GG、GC基因型个体的宰前活重、胴体重均显著高于CC型（P＜0.05）.说明脂联素基因该位点可能是影响藏羊胴体及肉质性状的主效QTL或与之紧密连锁,可作为藏羊高档羊肉生产的候选分子标记.     

安徽省地方猪胴体与肉质性状间的相关分析

为分析皖南黑猪、皖南花猪、圩猪的胴体性状、肉质性状以及胴体性状与肉质性状间的相关性,选取安徽省地方猪皖南黑猪、皖南花猪、圩猪各10头,屠宰后对胴体性能进行测定,然后取背最长肌对部分肉质性状进行测定。结果表明,胴体性状间和肉质性状间都存在较高程度的表型相关,且多数达到极显著相关水平。在胴体性状间的相关系数中,屠宰率与胴体重、背膘厚间的相关系数较高(r=0.775,Pr=0;r=0.727,Pr=0);在肉质性状间的相关系数中,p H24与a、肌内脂肪间的相关系数较高(r=0.782,Pr=0;r=0.676,Pr=0);肉质性状与胴体性状在总体上表现出一种中等偏低的颉颃关系。     

猪MyoG基因的多态性及其对岔路黑猪胴体和肉质的影响研究

应用PCR-RFLP技术分析了岔路黑猪（56头）、嘉兴黑猪（50头）和Ⅰ系金华猪（109头）群体中MyoG基因的基因频率和基因型频率分布,测定了21头纯种岔路黑猪的胴体和肉质性状,并采用一般线性模型分析了MyoG基因型与以上性状的相关性。结果表明：岔路猪群体中AA型纯合子占绝大多数（84％）,BB型纯合子最少（4％）,A基因频率占90％;嘉兴黑猪群体中只有一种基因型（AA）;而金华猪（Ⅰ系）群体中BB与AB基因型频率相当（分别为45％、46％）,B基因频率大约为A基因频率的2倍。MyoG基因对岔路猪胴体重、后腿重、胴体长等胴体性状有显著影响,但对岔路猪肉质性状无显著影响。     

东佛里生羊MSTN基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因多态性及其对东佛里生羊生长性状的影响。从324只东佛里生羊全血中提取DNA,对MSTN基因外显子序列和非翻译区(untranslated region,UTR)序列进行PCR扩增,采用一代测序技术鉴定单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,分析不同位点的遗传多态性,并将不同基因型与东佛里生羊的生长性状进行关联分析。结果显示,在东佛里生羊MSTN基因外显子中未检测到突变;在3'-UTR区的272 bp处存在G→A单碱基突变,该位点只检测到AG和AA基因型,且AA基因型频率高于AG基因型;在5'-UTR区的176 bp处存在C→A突变,该位点只检测到CC和AC基因型,且CC基因型频率高于AC基因型。遗传多样性参数分析结果表明,东佛里生羊群体MSTN基因3'-UTR-272和5'-UTR-176位点的纯合度分别为0.827和0.887,杂合度分别为0.173和0.113,2个位点的多态性均较低(PIC<0.25),其群体基因型分布均符合哈代-温伯格平衡(P>0.05)。关联分析发现,3'-UTR-272位点AG基因型体斜长显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),5'-UTR-176位点CC基因型胸围显著高于AC基因型(P<0.05),其余指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,东佛里生羊MSTN基因3'-UTR和5'-UTR突变位点可作为其目标性状选育的分子标记。     

Polymorphism of IGFBP2 Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Pigs

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene effect on meat quality traits in pigs. A pair of primer was designed,which based on DNA sequence of IGFBP2 gene (GenBank accession No.:BV727778). The genetic polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene was detected by PCR-RFLP in Sujiang pig, Jiangquhai pig and Landrace pig, and the association between IGFBP2 gene polymorphism and meat quality traits in three pig breeds was analyzed. The results showed that three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected. The Chi-square test results showed that the genotype distribution of three pig breeds was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) were moderately polymorphic in three pig breeds. According to the association analysis of different genotypes, significant difference was found in color value, intramuscular fat content and marbling, the color value (except for Jianquhai pig) and intramuscular fat content of AA genotype were significantly higher than AB and BB genotypes (P < 0.05), the marbling of AA and AB genotypes was significantly higher than BB genotype (P < 0.05). In conclusion,the polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene intron 3 had significant effects on meat quality traits, and was candidate gene for the potential impact on meat quality traits of pigs.