牛病毒性腹泻的诊断与防控

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是引起牛病毒性腹泻--黏膜病的病原,该病毒具有较大的变异性,根据病毒基因组结构特点分为2个基因型,即BVDV1和BVDV2.牛病毒性腹泻病毒是造成奶牛生产性能下降、繁殖障碍、持续感染等的一个主要原因,并能给养牛业造成严重的经济损失.从牛病毒性腹泻的病原、发病机理、临床症状及诊治等方面进行阐述,以期为该病的综合防控提供参考.     

青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻的血清学调查

正牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)引起牛的一种急性、热性传染病[1],牛感染BVDV后主要表现为腹泻,进行性消瘦,脱水,严重的可引起死亡[2]。BVDV可以导致免疫耐受和免疫抑制,母畜流产和奶牛产奶量下降,以及生产性能下降,每年都给全球养牛业造成巨大的经济损失[3-4]。近几年来,我国BVDV的感染情况日益严重,为了掌握青海     

牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒(BVDV)的分子生物学研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒(Bovineviraldiarrhea-mucosaldiseasevirus,BVDV)是引起牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病的病原,欧美牛体中普遍存在轻性或隐性感染,与猪瘟病毒(HCV)、羊边界病病毒(BDV)具有1种共同抗原,有交叉反应,牛体中的抗体检出率高.本文通过对BVDV的分子生物学的概述,总结BVDV最新的分子生物学研究进展,为进一步预防和控制BVDV提供理论依据.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒致病机制研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻（bovine viral diarrhea,BVD）和黏膜病（mucosal disease,MD）均是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）感染引发的传染病,严重威胁世界养牛业的发展。文章概述了BVDV分型及其分子生物学特征,并从急性感染、经胎盘或子宫感染、持续性感染和黏膜病4个方面总结了近期国内外BVDV致病机制的研究进展。根据序列保守性及是否致细胞病变可将BVDV分为两种基因型和两种生物型,其中,新发现的"HoBi"株归类为瘟病毒属。BVDV基因进化很快,基因组编码4种结构蛋白和8种非结构蛋白,编码蛋白在病毒的复制、翻译及在宿主致病过程中发挥重要作用。BVDV致病机制复杂,急性感染会造成病毒血症、繁殖障碍、免疫抑制等,急性感染牛发生腹泻的原因与BVDV感染胃肠道的肌层、黏膜下层并干扰肠道神经的正常功能相关,非致细胞病变型（NCP）BVDV是造成急性感染的病因。胚胎感染BVDV取决于病毒首次侵袭时胎儿在子宫内的生长阶段。NCP型BVDV具有抑制胎儿体内产生Ⅰ型干扰素的能力,致使该病毒在宿主中得以生存并形成持续性感染牛,当持续性感染牛再次感染与NCP型BVDV高度同源的致细胞病变型（CP）毒株时直接诱发黏膜病。两种生物型的产生是发生持续性感染和黏膜病的重要因素,NCP型可向CP型BVDV进行转化。本综述有助于发现控制BVD-MD传播的新途径,为消灭该病和新型疫苗的研制提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒（BVDV）的分子生物学研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea—mucosal disease virus,BVDV)是引起牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病的病原，欧美牛体中普遍存在轻性或隐性感染，与猪瘟病毒(HCV)、羊边界病病毒(BDV)具有1种共同抗原，有交叉反应，牛体中的抗体检出率高。本文通过对BVDV的分子生物学的概述，总结BVDV最新的分子生物学研究进展，为进一步预防和控制BVDV提供理论依据。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒致病机制研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)和黏膜病(mucosal disease,MD)均是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染引发的传染病,严重威胁世界养牛业的发展。文章概述了BVDV分型及其分子生物学特征,并从急性感染、经胎盘或子宫感染、持续性感染和黏膜病4个方面总结了近期国内外BVDV致病机制的研究进展。根据序列保守性及是否致细胞病变可将BVDV分为两种基因型和两种生物型,其中,新发现的"HoBi"株归类为瘟病毒属。BVDV基因进化很快,基因组编码4种结构蛋白和8种非结构蛋白,编码蛋白在病毒的复制、翻译及在宿主致病过程中发挥重要作用。BVDV致病机制复杂,急性感染会造成病毒血症、繁殖障碍、免疫抑制等,急性感染牛发生腹泻的原因与BVDV感染胃肠道的肌层、黏膜下层并干扰肠道神经的正常功能相关,非致细胞病变型(NCP)BVDV是造成急性感染的病因。胚胎感染BVDV取决于病毒首次侵袭时胎儿在子宫内的生长阶段。NCP型BVDV具有抑制胎儿体内产生Ⅰ型干扰素的能力,致使该病毒在宿主中得以生存并形成持续性感染牛,当持续性感染牛再次感染与NCP型BVDV高度同源的致细胞病变型(CP)毒株时直接诱发黏膜病。两种生物型的产生是发生持续性感染和黏膜病的重要因素,NCP型可向CP型BVDV进行转化。本综述有助于发现控制BVD-MD传播的新途径,为消灭该病和新型疫苗的研制提供参考。     

青海省部分地区牦牛病毒性腹泻的流行病学调查

正牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)引起的以腹泻、繁殖障碍和免疫机能障碍为主要特征的病毒性传染病[1-2]。BVDV进入机体后可造成免疫抑制和持续性感染。BVDV持续感染牛     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒非结构蛋白研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是引起牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病(BVD-MD)的病原,感染后可造成牛腹泻、流产、繁殖障碍、持续感染等症状,且急性BVD致死率较高,对我国乃至世界养牛业造成了严重影响。目前,国内外对BVDV的研究主要聚焦在其结构蛋白方面,对于在BVDV复制、转录、翻译中起重要作用的非结构蛋白的研究较少,缺乏对BVDV非结构蛋白的功能进行系统的总结。论文对BVDV非结构蛋白功能方面近年来的研究进展进行了汇总,以期对今后牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病的致病机制、诊断及预防提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻诊断方法研究进展

<正>牛病毒性腹泻（BVD）可引起牛黏膜感染,腹泻,及母牛流产等症状,是一种高度接触性、自限性的传染病。牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是一种主要感染牛、羊、猪等哺乳动物的重要传染性病原体,由于BVDV在全球广泛流行,给全球养牛业造成重大经济损失。因此,BVDV的准确诊断对于该病的防治意义重大。近年来,BVDV诊断方法也在不断发展和完善,本文对目前应用较广泛的BVDV诊断方法进行了概述,为牛病毒性腹泻的诊断和防治提供了理论依据。     

牛免疫抑制性疾病引起混合感染的诊断

<正>牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是一种呈世界性分布并且给畜牧业造成巨大经济损失的疾病[1-2],其病原牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是黄病毒科瘟病毒属的一员,可分为牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型(BVDV-1)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型(BVDV-2)。研究证明:BVDV会引起牛的急性感染、持续感染(Persistent infection,PI)和黏膜病(Mucosal disease,     

Research Progress on Molecular Biology of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogenic viruses which mainly causes bovine viral diarrhea disease (BVD). BVDV can not only cause serious clinical symptoms, but also lead to decrease of immunity of livestock and infect other pathogens, resulting in significant increase of morbidity and mortality of sick animals, and causes significant losses to the cattle industry. With the development of molecular biology theory and technology in recent years, the research on BVDV has been deepening, and some new understandings have been made to the molecular biology of the virus. In this paper, the progress of molecular biology of BVDV in recent years is described from three aspects of the composition and function of virus, the epidemic situation of BVDV gene and the genetic and mutation of BVDV gene.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒病原的方法,本研究根据GenBank上登录的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)基因组序列,设计1对引物,建立了检测BVDV的一步法RT-PCR方法。该方法对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、猪瘟病毒、牛副流感病毒3型的扩增结果均为阴性,检测的敏感性达1 ng RNA。该一步法RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性,可以准确快速检测出极低含量的BVDV,将为BVDV的病原检测及分子流行病学调查等提供一种快速、灵敏、特异、准确的分子生物学检测方法。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒侵染细胞机制的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是反刍动物和猪体内广泛存在的危害动物健康的重要病原体.BVDV感染牛后主要引起牛的持续性感染、免疫耐受、免疫抑制、繁殖障碍及急慢性黏膜病等临床症状,给养牛业造成重大的损失.其致病机理非常复杂,给该病的治疗和根除带来极大的困难.随着分子病毒学研究的发展以及对猪瘟病毒和黄病毒科其他成员的研究,人们在BVDV分子水平和细胞水平的研究方面也取得了一些进展.就此,作者从BVDV入侵细胞、在细胞内的复制以及与宿主蛋白分子相互作用等方面进行综述,有助于阐明BVDV致病和在体内持续存活的机制,为该病的防治和疫苗研发提供新的思路和对策.     

The effects of exposure of susceptible alpacas to alpacas persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus

Reports of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in alpacas have been increasing in recent years but much is still unknown about the mechanisms of disease in this species. This report characterizes the transmission of BVDV from persistently infected (PI) alpacas to BVDV naïve alpacas, documents shedding patterns, and characterizes the disease effects in both PI and transiently infected alpacas. Two PI alpacas shed BVDV Type 1b virus in most body fluids, and commonly available diagnostic tests verified their status. Bovine viral diarrhea virus Type 1b transient infections produced only mild signs of disease in BVDV naïve alpacas. Viremia was detected in whole blood, but viral shedding during the acute phase was not detected and antibody appeared to be protective upon re-exposure to the virus.     

Genetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in pre-weaned native Korean calves

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a prominent viral pathogen worldwide, causes substantial economic losses in the cattle industry. BVDV comprises two...     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒JN株的分离鉴定及E2基因的序列分析

本研究从疑似牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染牛的分泌物与排泄物中分离鉴定1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒,并进行E2基因序列分析。结果表明,分离株病毒命名为JN株;Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒TCID₅₀为10^-7.5/0.1 mL;病毒中和试验结果表明,BVDV JN分离株可被BVDV阳性血清特异性中和,而不能被BVDV阴性血清中和;分离株病毒E2基因序列测序结果表明,该分离毒株属于BVDVⅠa亚型。     

Transmission of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b to susceptible and vaccinated calves by exposure to persistently infected calves

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected (PI) calves represent significant sources of infection to susceptible cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine if PI calves transmitted infection to vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, to determine if BVDV vaccine strains could be differentiated from the PI field strains by subtyping molecular techniques, and if there were different rates of recovery from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) versus serums for acutely infected calves. Calves PI with BVDV1b were placed in pens with nonvaccinated and vaccinated calves for 35 d. Peripheral blood leukocytes, serums, and nasal swabs were collected for viral isolation and serology. In addition, transmission of Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), Parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V), and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was monitored during the 35 d observation period. Bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b was transmitted to both vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves, including BVDV1b seronegative and seropositive calves, after exposure to PI calves. There was evidence of transmission by viral isolation from PBL, nasal swabs, or both, and seroconversions to BVDV1b. For the unvaccinated calves, 83.2% seroconverted to BVDV1b. The high level of transmission by PI calves is illustrated by seroconversion rates of nonvaccinated calves in individual pens: 70% to 100% seroconversion to the BVDV1b. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from 45 out of 202 calves in this study. These included BVDV1b in ranch and order buyer (OB) calves, plus BVDV strains identified as vaccinal strains that were in modified live virus (MLV) vaccines given to half the OB calves 3 d prior to the study. The BVDV1b isolates in exposed calves were detected between collection days 7 and 21 after exposure to PI calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was recovered more frequently from PBL than serum in acutely infected calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was also isolated from the lungs of 2 of 7 calves that were dying with pulmonary lesions. Two of the calves dying with pneumonic lesions in the study had been BVDV1b viremic prior to death. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b was isolated from both calves that received the killed or MLV vaccines. There were cytopathic (CP) strains isolated from MLV vaccinated calves during the same time frame as the BVDV1b isolations. These viruses were typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing, and most CP were confirmed as vaccinal origin. A BVDV2 NCP strain was found in only 1 OB calf, on multiple collections, and the calf seroconverted to BVDV2. This virus was not identical to the BVDV2 CP 296 vaccine strain. The use of subtyping is required to differentiate vaccinal strains from the field strains. This study detected 2 different vaccine strains, the BVDV1b in PI calves and infected contact calves, and a heterologous BVDV2 subtype brought in as an acutely infected calf. The MLV vaccination, with BVDV1a and BVDV2 components, administered 3 d prior to exposure to PI calves did not protect 100% against BVDV1b viremias or nasal shedding. There were other agents associated with the bovine respiratory disease signs and lesions in this study including Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma spp., PI-3V, BRSV, and BHV-1.     

牛病毒性腹泻在中国的流行现状分析

牛病毒性腹泻是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）引起的,主要侵害牛、羊、鹿、牦牛等反刍动物及猪的一种重要传染病。该病对畜牧业危害巨大,欧美等国家已经开始实施BVDV根除计划。该病在中国广泛流行,本文就BVDV在中国的流行状况进行分析和概述。