河南省部分规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌耐药性分析与耐药基因检测

为了解规模化奶牛场乳房炎源大肠杆菌耐药现状和耐药基因分布情况,试验对采自河南省部分规模化奶牛场感染乳房炎奶牛的852份乳汁样本进行大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与16S rRNA基因PCR鉴定,对分离的大肠杆菌菌株进行药敏试验及耐药基因检测。结果表明：共分离鉴定224株大肠杆菌,分离率为26.29%。分离菌株对11种抗生素均有不同程度耐药性,其中对恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、四环素、阿莫西林、阿米卡星耐药比较严重,耐药率为63.39%～82.14%;对头孢他啶、头孢曲松耐药率相对较低,分别为22.32%、27.67%;对亚胺培南最敏感,耐药率为0。耐3种及以上抗生素菌株有193株,占86.16%。对不同奶牛场的85株大肠杆菌分离株进行耐药基因检测,共检测到11种耐药基因,未检出耐药基因tetM、bla_VIM和bla_NDM。酰胺醇类耐药基因floR携带率最高(为61.18%),喹诺酮类耐药基因oqxB(42.35%)、qnrS(44.71%)携带率和四环素类耐药基因tetA(30.59%)、tetB(38.82%)携带率相对较高,多重耐药基因检出率为51...     

内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌毒力基因检测及耐药性研究

为了解内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌毒力基因的分布情况及其耐药现状,通过该地区360份乳房炎奶样链球菌的分离鉴定,利用微量肉汤稀释法测定了81株链球菌对15种药物的MIC,采用PCR法检测耐药基因及毒力基因的携带情况。结果显示,分离到的81株链球菌对β-内酰胺类的耐药率最高;对红霉素和四环素的耐药率在40%~85%;对氟喹诺酮类的耐药率相对较低。多重耐药菌株达88.9%(n=72)。耐药基因pbp2b的检出率为86.4%,tetL和tetM的检出率在75%以上,红霉素耐药表型主要由ermB介导。分离菌株毒力基因中cfb的检出率最高(50.6%),其次为cyl和hylB。内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎链球菌对β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类和四环素耐药情况严重,且发现多重耐药菌株的流行;链球菌中尤以无乳链球菌的毒力基因携带率较高。     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及毒力基因检测

为研究奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因的分布情况,本试验通过MALDI Biotyper系统对分离自3个奶牛场的25株金黄色葡萄球菌进行鉴定及聚类分析,并采用PCR方法对25株金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc、clfA、fnbA、fn-bB、tsst-1、sea、seb和sec等14种毒力基因进行检测。结果显示,25株金黄色葡萄球菌被分为3个类群,各个类群之间及类群内菌株遗传距离较远。14种毒力基因中有7种被检出,检出率分别是nuc(100%)、fnbA (100%)、seg(64%)、clfA(52%)、fnbB(32%)、tsst-1(16%)和sea(4%),其余未检出。结果表明,不同奶牛场甚至同一奶牛场内存在多种金黄色葡萄球菌的流行株,且金黄色葡萄球菌携带毒力基因的数量和种类不同,并存在多种毒力基因组合,为奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌性乳房炎的防治提供基础研究。     

江苏地区奶牛乳房炎凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌耐药基因分析

对江苏地区多个奶牛场采样,并对奶牛乳房炎(Bovine mastitis,BMT)检测阳性奶样进行病原菌分离、鉴定。对分离出的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(Coagulase-negative Staphylococci,CNS)分别进行20种药物的敏感性试验和相关耐药基因检测。结果显示,BMT检测阳性的奶样有610份,528份检出细菌,共检出细菌802株,鉴定为CNS的217株;大部分CNS对万古霉素、左氟沙星、氯霉素、磷霉素、呋喃妥因敏感,对青霉素、大观霉素具有较强耐药性;CNS对β-内酰胺类(blaZ)、大环内酯类(ermC)和四环素类(tetK、tetM、tetL、tetO)耐药基因的检出率分别为29.95%、2.30%、24.88%、1.84%、1.84%和0.00%。     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌8种毒力基因的PCR检测

为研究奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)主要毒力因子的分布情况,本试验利用PCR对70株临床型乳房炎、55株隐性乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的8种主要毒力基因进行检测。结果显示,nuc、ClfA、TSST-1、PVL、Hla、Hlb、FnBPA和FnBPB 8种毒力基因在临床型乳房炎SA菌株中的检出率分别为:100.0%(70株)、100.0%(70株)、0(0株)、5.7%(4株)、100.0%(70株)、11.4%(8株)、97.1%(68株)和100.0%(70株);在隐性乳房炎SA菌株中的检出率分别为:100.0%(55株)、100.0%(55株)、0(0株)、70.9%(39株)、98.2%(54株)、9.1%(5株)、100.0%(55株)和100.0%(55株)。结果表明,nuc、ClfA、Hla、Hlb和FnBPA 5种毒力基因是引起奶牛乳房炎的SA的最主要毒力基因;PVL基因可能是引起隐性乳房炎的重要致病基因。     

奶牛乳房炎源大肠埃希氏菌的耐药性分析和毒力基因检测

为了解奶牛乳房炎大肠埃希氏菌耐药性、毒力基因携带及分布情况,从2019年9月至2020年6月在新疆乌鲁木齐、伊犁、昌吉地区的7个奶牛场共采集了142份乳房炎奶牛牛乳样本,采用麦康凯培养基和伊红美蓝培养基进行筛选,利用生化试验和16S rDNA PCR方法鉴定出大肠埃希氏菌,用K-B纸片扩散法对分离株进行耐药性检测,PC...     

辽宁地区奶牛临床型乳房炎大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药性调查

对辽宁地区16家规模化奶牛场总计1 609头泌乳期奶牛临床型乳房炎进行了调查,并对患病奶牛乳样进行大肠杆菌的分离、鉴定及药物敏感性试验。结果奶牛临床型乳房炎头发生率为6.96%,乳区发生率为2.35%;共分离鉴定出84株大肠杆菌,分离率为55.63%;血清型鉴定结果表明O51、O148、O60、O21、O77、O17、O6、O158、O101、O12510个血清型为优势血清型。采用肉汤微量稀释法测定21种临床常用抗菌药物对84株大肠杆菌分离株的最小抑菌浓度(MICs),表明分离菌对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基异噁唑、甲砜霉素高度耐药;对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素较敏感。     

奶牛乳房炎性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及其特性研究

乳房炎是奶牛养殖业中最常见、防治最困难、花费最多的疾病之一,给奶牛养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,本实验大肠杆菌是奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌.本试验旨在对新疆昌吉州及周边地区规模化奶牛场的乳房炎奶牛乳汁进行细菌分离培养与鉴定,调查其中的大肠杆菌在奶牛场的分布情况;同时,进行该菌的药敏试验和耐药检测,获得大肠杆菌对哪种抗生素敏耐药并提出合理的预防措施。无菌采集奶样,冰盒保存,12h内送到实验室进行病原菌的分离鉴定,对大肠杆菌进行药敏试验和耐药监测。结论:通过分离鉴定的大肠杆菌,预期测定对大肠杆菌敏感的药物,对牛场防治奶牛乳房炎提供的重要线索。     

辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原分离鉴定及大肠杆菌药敏试验

为了掌握辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎主要细菌性病原种类及致奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌药物敏感性特征,本研究选取辽宁地区某大型奶牛场75头临床表现为乳房炎的奶样进行细菌培养与分离,通过生化方法对分离到的细菌进行鉴定,并对分离到的奶牛源大肠杆菌进行体外药物敏感性试验研究。结果发现,该场奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其检出率分别为58.7%、64.0%和54.7%,存在二重感染和三重感染等混合感染的情况。大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验结果表明,该场分离株对磺胺类药物（耐药率>85%）及氯霉素类药物（耐药率>30%）耐药性较高,对氨苄西林（9.5%）、环丙沙星（9.5%）、头孢噻呋（7.1%）和氧氟沙星（4.8%）比较敏感。上述研究结果为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。     

Detection and Analysis of Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance Genes in E. coli Strains Isolated from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis in Liaoning Region

In order to understand the virulence genes and drug resistance genes carried by E.coli strains from dairy cows with mastitis in large-scale dairy farms in Liaoning region, and also provide improved programs for control and treatment of mastitis to dairy farmers, 66 strains of E.coli isolated from milk of dairy cows with clinical mastitis in several large-scale farms in Liaoning region were examined to detect 4 virulence genes and 4 drug resistance genes using PCR methods. The results showed that none of the target genes was detected in only one strain, while at least 2 and up to 7 target genes were detected in the rest of 65 strains. The detection rates of the virulence genes stx2e, eaeA, K99 and astA were 56.1%, 47.0%, 34.8% and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, the detection rate of dual virulence gene reached 43.9%, in which the genotype with the highest detection rate was eaeA/stx2e. The detection rates of the drug resistance genes sul3, sul1, cmlA and aacA4 were 87.9%, 83.3%, 40.9% and 28.8%, respectively. And the dual resistance gene detection rate was 36.4%, in which the highest detection rate was sul1/sul3 genotype; Triple drug resistance gene detection rate was 37.9%, and cmlA/sul1/sul3 presented the highest detection rate. These results confirmed that the E.coli isolated from dairy cow mastitis in large-scale dairy farms in Liaoning region had high detecting rates of sulfonamide resistance genes and chloramphenicol resistance genes, which was directly related to the drug resistance of the E.coli. These results provided important guiding significance for the prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning region as well as the safety of public health.     

陕西地区羊源致病性大肠杆菌耐药性分析与毒力基因检测

旨在了解陕西省部分地区腹泻羊源致病性大肠杆菌(E. coli)耐药性及毒力基因携带情况,本研究从10个养殖场采集54份腹泻羊拭子样品,经分离纯化、生化鉴定及16S rRNA基因序列分析,共分离得到50株E. coli,对分离菌进行药敏试验、耐药基因及毒力基因检测。结果显示,分离菌对氨苄西林、氟苯尼考和磺胺异噁唑耐药率达90%以上,且98%(49/50)为多重耐药菌,对8~11种抗生素耐药的菌株占68%(34/50),仅对美罗培南敏感。所有菌株均携带1~6种不同的耐药基因,其中,Sul1(64%)、TetA(34%)、bla_CTX-M(32%)携带率较高,未检测到bla_SHV。有5株产ESBLs的E. coli携带mcr-1耐药基因。毒力基因检测结果显示,98%(49/50)的菌株携带毒力基因,其中,etrA检出率最高,为80%(40/50)。综上表明,陕西省羊源E. coli多重耐药情况严峻,β-内酰胺类耐药基因与耐药表型不符,提示可能存在其他耐药机制,同时,分离菌具有复杂的毒力谱。本研究为陕西省羊源致病性E. coli感染的防控提供科学依据。     

土鸡屠宰过程中大肠杆菌毒力基因检测及耐药性分析

为了解土鸡屠宰过程中大肠杆菌污染、毒力基因携带及耐药情况,2018年9月-2019年1月在重庆万州、开州、巫溪、奉节4个区县的12个土鸡屠宰地点采集了319份样品,通过菌落形态及显微镜观察、生化鉴定、PCR、药敏试验等方法鉴定分离的大肠杆菌,检测其毒力基因携带和耐药性情况。结果表明：大肠杆菌分离率为22.57%（72/319）,其中餐馆、活禽宰杀铺和定点屠宰点分离率依次为29.73%（22/74）、25.00%（24/96）和17.45%（26/149）,污水、地面、羽毛、用具和胴体分离率依次为75.00%（18/24）、21.62%（8/37）、20.54%（23/112）、17.65%（6/34）和15.18%（17/112）;11种毒力基因中除estA、estB、elt外均被检出,检出率为58.33%（42/72）,共检出14种组合型,有4株分离株4种毒力基因同时存在;分离株对阿米卡星、头孢噻肟最敏感,多重耐药比为90.28%（65/72）,以7~10重耐药居多。土鸡屠宰过程中致病性大肠杆菌污染风险高,多重耐药现象严重,应重视养殖合理用药及屠宰卫生环境。     

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Dairy Cow Mastitis in Liaoning and Drug Sensibility Test of Pathogenic E.coli

In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area.     

云南地区牛源无乳链球菌分离鉴定及毒力基因和耐药性的检测

试验旨在研究无乳链球菌的生物学特性,为防治无乳链球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎提供理论依据。根据细菌分子生物学分离鉴定无乳链球菌,参考GenBank登录的牛源无乳链球菌16S rRNA、菌属特异性cfb （CAMP因子）、毒力基因和耐药基因序列,运用Oligo 6.0和Primer Premier 5.0软件设计14对引物,建立PCR快速检测方法,并进行20种常见抗生药物的耐药试验。结果显示,试验成功鉴定出17株牛源无乳链球菌,毒力基因与NCBI上已报道的无乳链球菌相应序列具有高度同源性,均≥99%;共检测到6种耐药基因;分离菌株对青霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、克林霉素、万古霉素、氨苄西林、新生霉素、磺胺异噁唑的耐药率均较高,耐药率依次为100.0%、94.1%、94.1%、94.1%、94.1%、82.3%、82.3%和47.1%,对青霉素严重耐药;而对氨基糖苷类、四环素类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类耐药率均较低,耐药率分别为15.7%、14.7%、7.7%和3.9%。本研究结果表明,建立的PCR快速检测方法灵敏可靠,云南地区无乳链球菌已对部分β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、磺胺类等抗生素出现多重耐药性。     

Isolation,Drug Sensitivity Test and Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of Virulence Genes of Enterococcus from Dairy Cow with Mastitis in Gansu Province

The aim of this study was to isolate Enterococcus in clinical dairy cow mastitis,detect its drug resistance and virulence genes,a total of 93 milk samples were collected from 41 dairy cosw with clinical mastitis in eastern,central and western regions of Gansu province,and then construct a prokaryotic expression vector for virulence genes.This experiment used selective medium to isolate and purify bacteria.16S rRNA and biochemical experiments combined method to identify the isolated strains.16 antibiotics were selected for drug sensitivity test,and conventional PCR method was used to detect the carrying of 11 virulence genes.Finally,the detected virulence genes with immunogenicity were selected for the construction of prokaryotic expression vectors.The separation and identification results showed that 18 strains of Enterococcus were isolated and identified from the 93 milk samples,which were divided into 9 species.Drug susceptibility results showed that most of the isolates were multiple resistant to bacteria,accounting for 88.89%.No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was found,vancomycin sensitivity rate was 94.12%,and all isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic.Virulence gene test results demonstrated that 11 virulence genes were detected,the detection rate of cob gene (44.44%) was the highest,the detection rates of efaA,hyl,ccf and esp genes were 33.33%,27.78%,27.78% and 22.22% respectively,the detection rates of Asa1,cylA,EF3314 and gelE genes were all 16.67%,while Ace and cylM genes had the lowest detection rate (11.11%).The virulence genes combination was different due to different strains.Ace and gelE genes with immunogenicity were selected and the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a-Ace and pET32a-gelE were successfully constructed.The results provided basic data and biological materials for subsequent mapping of regional epidemiology of cow mastitis in three regions and preparation of corresponding antibodies and subunit vaccines.     

甘肃省乳房炎奶牛乳源肠球菌的分离、药敏试验及毒力基因原核表达载体的构建

为分离临床型奶牛乳房炎中的肠球菌,检测其耐药性和携带毒力基因的情况,本试验采集了甘肃省东、中和西部3个地区41头临床型乳房炎奶牛的奶样93份,并构建了肠球菌毒力基因的原核表达载体。试验使用选择性培养基分离纯化肠球菌,16S rRNA和生化试验结合的方法鉴定所分离菌株的种;选取16种抗菌药进行药敏试验;常规PCR方法检测11种毒力基因的携带情况,最后对具有免疫原性的毒力基因进行原核表达载体的构建。鉴定结果显示,93份乳样中18株为肠球菌,并分为9种。药敏结果显示,分离株多数为多重耐药菌（multiple resistant bacteria,MDR）,占88.89%,未发现耐万古霉素菌株（vancomycin-resistant enterococcus,VRE）,万古霉素敏感率94.12%,所有分离株至少对一种抗菌药耐药。PCR检测结果表明,11种毒力基因均有检出,cob基因检出率最高（44.44%）,efaA、hyl、ccf和esp基因检出率分别为33.33%、27.78%、27.78%和22.22%,Asa1、cylA、EF3314和gelE基因检出率均为16.67%,Ace和cylM基因检出最低（11.11%）;毒力基因组合因菌种不同而存在差异,选择具有免疫原性的Ace和gelE基因成功构建出原核表达载体pET32a-Ace和pET32a-gelE。本试验为后续绘制3个地区奶牛乳房炎流行病学区域谱以及制备相应抗体和亚单位疫苗提供了基础数据及生物材料。     

我国部分地区乳房炎奶样中大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解我国部分地区奶牛乳房炎奶样中大肠杆菌的耐药情况,以指导牛场合理使用抗生素,提高治疗效果和畜产品质量,从全国六个省市自治区采取158例奶牛乳房炎的奶样,对奶样中的大肠杆菌进行分离纯化与鉴定,并进行药敏试验。结果显示,158份奶样中,共分离出38株大肠杆菌,其中黑龙江18株(分离率为36.0%)、上海3株(分离率6.0%)、北京3株(分离率27.2%)、新疆10株(分离率33.3%)、山东4株(分离率26.7%)、陕西0株(分离率0)。药敏试验显示,磺胺异噁唑耐药率最高,为73.7%;环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、四环素、链霉素药物的敏感率最高,为100%。分离菌株最多耐13种药物,最少耐4种药物,呈现多重耐药性。不同种类的抗生素中,上海和山东对β-内酰胺类药物和氯霉素类药物以及黑龙江、上海和新疆对磺胺类药物的耐药情况比较严重,耐药率高达50%以上。结果表明,各地区分离株对多种抗菌药物产生了不同程度耐药性和多重耐药,临床兽医在治疗时应注意合理用药,提高疗效和畜产品质量,减少耐药性的产生。