五种糖对马精子低温保存及冷冻效果的影响

为了研究单独或组合添加葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、棉籽糖及海藻糖对马精子低温和冷冻保存效果的影响,试验选取4匹6~12岁公马进行精液收集,经离心浓缩处理后置于含有不同糖的低温或冷冻稀释液中保存,低温保存1,24,48,72,96小时时检测活精子比例(total motility,TM)和直线运动精子比例(progressive motility,PM),评价糖对精子低温保存效果的影响,冷冻后精液于37℃水浴解冻后检测TM、PM、质膜完整率及高线粒体膜电势评价不同糖对精子冷冻效果的影响。结果表明:单独添加乳糖和棉籽糖组低温保存24 h后精液TM和PM明显低于葡萄糖、果糖及海藻糖组,葡萄糖、乳糖分别与其他几种糖两两组合低温保存1,24,48,72,96小时时精液TM和PM差异不显著,单独添加棉籽糖组精子冻融后TM和PM显著低于果糖和海藻糖组(P0.05),但精子质膜完整率和高线粒体膜电势显著高于其他各组(P0.05),单独添加葡萄糖、果糖、海藻糖及乳糖组精子冻融后TM、PM及高线粒体膜电势均无显著差异(P0.05),添加果糖组冻融后精子质膜完整性显著低于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。不同糖组合精子冻融后,乳糖+葡萄糖+海藻糖组精子质膜完整率显著高于乳糖+果糖组、乳糖+海藻糖组、乳糖+葡萄糖+果糖组、乳糖+果糖+海藻糖组(P0.05),乳糖+葡萄糖+果糖组精子高线粒体膜电势显著高于乳糖+果糖组(P0.05),与其他组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。仅含棉籽糖、乳糖或棉籽糖+乳糖的稀释液不适合于马精液低温保存,不同糖组合并没有获得比经典葡萄糖+乳糖更好的低温和冷冻保存效果。     

生物类黄酮和维生素C对猪精液冷冻效果的影响

为了研究冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的抗氧化剂生物类黄酮和维生素C对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响,试验分别在冷冻稀释液中添加0,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 mg/mL的生物类黄酮和0,2,4,6,8 mg/mL的维生素C以及二者最佳配伍浓度的混合物,分别检测各试验组精液冷冻解冻后的活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、线粒体活率等指标。结果表明:除了添加4,6 mg/mL维生素C顶体完整率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)外,添加0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 mg/mL生物类黄酮或2,4,6,8 mg/mL维生素C精子活率、质膜完整率与对照组相比差异均显著(P<0.05),其中添加0.8 mg/mL生物类黄酮和6 mg/mL维生素C效果最好,但随着添加浓度的增加冷冻效果逐渐降低。说明在猪精液冷冻稀释液中联合添加生物类黄酮和维生素C,解冻后精液质量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

附睾尾液对绵羊精液冷冻保存的影响

实验旨在研究冷冻稀释液中添加附睾尾液（Cauda Epididymal Fluid,CEF）对绵羊精液冷冻保存的影响。利用假阴道法收集4只湖羊精液并混合,以附睾尾液中总蛋白为基准,在冷冻稀释液中分别添加不同浓度CEF(0、140、280、420μg/mL)。精液经过冷冻后投入液氮保存,解冻后检测精子活力、运动参数,以及质膜完整率、顶体完整率、线粒体膜电位、37℃精子存活时间等指标。结果表明：冷冻-解冻后280μg/mL CEF组的精子活力、前向运动、平均路径速度、直线运动速度、直线度、线性度、头部横向位移幅度均显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）,曲线运动速度高于其他各组（P<0.05）;精子质膜完整率、顶体完整率也高于其他各组（P<0.05）;JC-1染色结果显示,280μg/mL CEF组精子线粒体膜电位高于其他各组（P<0.05）;280μg/mLCEF组精子在37℃环境下可存活14h,较对照组精子能多存活4h。可见,在冷冻稀释液中添加适量CEF可以提高精液的冷冻效果。     

精液稀释液中添加维生素C和E对陆川猪精液冷冻效果的影响

为了研究维生素C和E作为精液冷冻保护剂对陆川猪细管冷冻精液品质和精浆中抗氧化物酶活性影响的影响,在精液稀释液中分别添加0、300、600以及900μg/m L的维生素C或E,对陆川猪稀释精液进行冷冻-解冻处理后,检测精液冻后的精子活力、运动速率、线粒体活性、顶体和质膜完整性、存活时间等常规参数,采用试剂盒测定精浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱胺肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)的活性。结果表明:精液稀释液中添加300μg/m L的维生素C可显著提高冻后精子的体外存活时间以及CAT酶活性(P0.05);同浓度的维生素E仅可提高精子的存活时间(P0.05);添加600μg/m L的维生素C或E可以显著提高解冻精子的活力、线粒体活性、质膜和顶体完整性、存活时间以及抗氧化物酶活性(P0.05),同时明显降低精子畸形率(P0.05);当维生素C或E添加量为900μg/m L时,虽可提高线粒体活性、质膜和顶体完整性、CAT酶活等部分指标参数(P0.05),但精子活力与对照组相比没有差异(P0.05)。提示:冷冻稀释液中添加600μg/m L的维生素C或E可以显著提高陆川猪精液冷冻保存效果。     

维生素P对低温保存猪精液的影响

在猪精液稀释液(Zorlesco)中分别添加0,40,80,120,160,200μg/mL的维生素P,研究其对猪精子低温保存的影响。结果表明,维生素P的添加显著延长了猪精子低温保存时间,在各试验组中,维生素P的最适添加浓度为160μg/mL。在该浓度下,维生素P并对第3天时精子的活力、活率、顶体完整率、低渗肿胀率及线粒体活性作用效果不明显(P0.05)。在第6天时,维生素P显著地提高了精子的活力、活率、顶体完整率和质膜完整率(P0.05),但对精子线粒体活性没有显著影响(P0.05)。在保存第9天时,猪精子的活力、活率、顶体完整率、低渗肿胀率及线粒体活性与对照组相比具有显著的提高(P0.05)。     

芝麻酚对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为了探究芝麻酚对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响,用手握法采集成年杜洛克公猪精液,预处理后添加不同浓度芝麻酚(0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20和0.25g/L)的冷冻稀释液进行稀释,冷冻-解冻后检测猪精子活率、质膜完整性(低渗肿胀试验)、线粒体活性、顶体完整性、DNA完整性以及超氧化歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性等。结果显示:当芝麻酚添加浓度为0.20g/L时,解冻后精子活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整率和顶体完整率为最高,相比较于对照组,分别提高了12.67%、19.07%、18.78%和14.09%(P0.05);MDA含量最低为2.04nmol/mL(P0.05);SOD和GSH-Px酶活最高为73.04U/mL和237.59U/I(P0.05)。当芝麻酚添加浓度为0.25g/L时,DNA完整性最高为72.46%(P0.05)。当芝麻酚添加浓度为0.15g/L时,CAT酶活最高为3.44U/mL(P0.05)。结果表明:与对照组相比较,在猪精液冷冻稀释液中添加适当浓度的芝麻酚能显著提高解冻后猪精子活率、功能完整性和抗氧化能力(P0.05),且当芝麻酚的浓度为0.2g/L时对猪精子冷冻保存效果最好。研究结果表明,芝麻酚作为一种天然抗氧化剂,对猪精子冷冻保存具有良好的效果。     

聚乙二醇与维生素E联用对沂蒙黑猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本实验旨在研究聚乙二醇（PEG）与维生素E联用对沂蒙黑猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响。实验共分为6组,将基础稀释液以1:1的比例缓慢加入精液中,然后按照1:4的比例分别添加100 mg/L维生素E溶液（E100组）、300 mg/L维生素E溶液（E 300组）、100 mL/L PEG+100 mg/L维生素E溶液（P+E 100组）、100 mL/L PEG+300 mg/L维生素E溶液（P+E 300组）、100 mL/L PEG溶液（PEG组）和无处理冷冻保存液（对照组）。结果表明：与对照组相比,维生素E组和PEG+维生素E组精液解冻后其精子活力、顶体完整性、精子的抗氧化性及线粒体膜电位等指标均提高（P<0.05）,PEG组以上指标均无显著差异;相同条件下,添加较高浓度的维生素E对精液冷冻保存质量的提升效果优于低浓度维生素E添加组（P<0.05）;与单独添加维生素E相比,联合添加PEG与维生素E通过提高精子活力、质膜完整性、抗氧化能力和线粒体膜电位等指标进一步改善了冷冻精液解冻后的质量（P<0.05）。由此可见,联合添加PEG与维生素E可显著提高沂蒙黑猪精液的冷冻保存...     

解冻稀释液中添加精浆对冻融猪精子品质的影响

【目的】 探究冷冻前添加热休克蛋白A8(heat shock protein A8, HSPA8)和解冻后添加不同浓度精浆(seminal plasma, SP)对冻融猪精子的影响。【方法】 采用手握法采集长白猪精液, 添加0.5 μg/mL HSPA8到猪精液冷冻保护剂中进行细管分装, 投入液氮中保存3周后进行解冻, 解冻后添加不同浓度精浆(0、10%、30%和50%), 对冻融后长白猪精子的运动能力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、细胞凋亡、线粒体膜电位、鱼精蛋白缺乏及体外获能水平等进行评估。【结果】 与对照组相比(无HSPA8和精浆), 添加0.5 μg/mL HSPA8处理组(无精浆)的精子直线速度(VSL)、曲线速度(VCL)、平均路径速度(VAP)和前向性运动(STR)均显著提升(P<0.05), 精子直线性运动(LIN)和运动的摆动性(WOB)均无显著差异(P>0.05);精子质量参数中活力、质膜完整性和顶体完整性均显著升高(P<0.05), 细胞凋亡水平与线粒体膜电位均显著降低(P<0.05);精子鱼精蛋白缺失率显著降低(P<0.05);精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平显著提高(P<0.05)。之后在解冻液中添加不同浓度的精浆, 与添加0.5 μg/mL HSPA8处理组(无精浆)相比, 精浆添加量达到50%时, 精子VSL、VCL、VAP、LIN、STR和WOB均显著提升(P<0.05);精子活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性和线粒体膜电位均显著提高(P<0.05), 细胞凋亡水平显著降低(P<0.05);精子鱼精蛋白缺失率显著降低(P<0.05);精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平显著提高(P<0.05)。【结论】 在冷冻基础液中添加0.5 μg/mL HSPA8和解冻稀释液中添加50%精浆联合使用可以有效改善冻融精子质量, 将会对猪精液的冷冻保存及商业化生产提供一定的参考。     

添加牛磺酸和黄芪多糖对羊精子低温保存的影响

为了研究羊精子低温保存时牛磺酸和黄芪多糖对精子质量的影响，本试验在BTS(Beltsville thawing solution)精液稀释液的基础上添加牛磺酸和黄芪多糖，随后对4℃低温保存条件下羊精子的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率进行考察，采用两因素五水平的中心设计法优化精子稀释液添加牛磺酸和黄芪多糖的浓度，并进一步验证经优化缓冲液的保护效果。结果显示，牛磺酸和黄芪多糖的最优添加浓度分别为27.83 mmol/L和346.91 mg/mL;采用该添加浓度能显著提高低温保存后羊精子的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率(P<0.05)。结果表明，牛磺酸和黄芪多糖对低温保存羊精子具有显著的保护作用。     

辅酶Q10对绒山羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

旨在探讨辅酶Q10对绒山羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响。利用添加不同浓度辅酶Q10(4、40、400?滋g/mL)的精液冷冻稀释液对绒山羊精液样本进行冷冻保存,待冷冻精液解冻后,采用流式细胞仪和计算机辅助精液分析系统(CASAS)分别检测不同精液样本的精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、DNA完整率、线粒体膜电位和细胞内ROS水平。结果表明,当冷冻稀释液中添加浓度为40μg/mL辅酶Q10时,经历冷冻—解冻过程的绒山羊精液样本的精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在冷冻稀释液中添加浓度为40μg/mL或400μg/mL的辅酶Q10均能显著提高线粒体膜电位并降低细胞内ROS水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,在冷冻稀释液中添加40μg/mL的辅酶Q10能够显著提高绒山羊精子抗氧化能力和冷冻保存效果。     

Effects of Antioxidants on the Quality of Hypothermic Preservation and Frozen-thawed Equine Semen

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of various antioxidants, namely glutamine (0.015 g/mL), glycine (0.019 g/mL), cysteine (0.024 g/mL), methionine (0.015 g/mL), taurine (0.063 g/mL), vitamin C (0.4 mg/mL), vitamin E (0.5 mg/mL) and melatonin (0.001 mg/mL) on equine sperm quality after chill or freeze-thaw.Semen were collected from 6 adult thoroughbred stallions, INRA82 was used as the base extender (control group), adding INRA82 with different antioxidants was used in experimental group. Assess the effect of antioxidants on semen by detecting motion parameters after storage at 5℃ for 48 h. Motion parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential were used to evaluate semen quality after thawing. The extender supplemented with 25 mmol/L taurine led to higher TM and PM, and supplemented with 0.4 mg/mL vitamin C obtained significant higher PM compared with control group (P<0.05) after storage at 5℃ for 48 h. The freeze extender supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL vitamin E or 0.015 g/mL methionine significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential compare with control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed for PMI and acrosomes integrity rate after frozen-thawed (P>0.05), but there was a trend that PMI of adding methionine and glycine group was higher than control group. The results suggested that extender supplemented with taurine and vitamin C could improve the semen preservation effect, and the extender supplemented with methionine could improve plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential of thawing sperm, and also could prolong the survival time of frozen thawed sperm.     

咖啡因对猪精液冷冻的影响及冷冻－解冻方法的优化

本试验对猪精液冷冻保护液中添加咖啡因的作用进行了研究,并优化冷冻－解冻程序,提高0.5 mL细管猪精液冷冻解冻后的质量。在预先设计稀释液配方的基础上,使咖啡因终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/mL,选择最佳咖啡因浓度,选出最优组合与传统的TCG稀释液和商业用Androhep〖XC1.TIF〗CryoGuardTM冷冻稀释液进行比较,比较3种不同的冷冻曲线对猪冷冻精液解冻后精子品质的影响,最后对38 ℃下30 s、50 ℃下13 s 2种解冻方法进行比较。结果表明,咖啡因浓度为0.2、0.4 mg/mL的精子冷冻后活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率显著高于0、0.6 mg/mL（P＜0.05）,最佳添加浓度为0.2 mg/mL;预设计的稀释液配方及冷冻方案优于传统的TCG法（P＜0.05）,但与Androhep〖XC1.TIF〗CryoGuardTM稀释液(美国商业用)有一定差距（P＜0.05）;A曲线在猪精液冷冻－解冻后活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率方面均显著优于B和C冷冻曲线（P＜0.05）;50 ℃水浴解冻13 s显著优于38 ℃解冻30 s（P＜0.05）。     

The benefits of cooling boar semen in long‐term extenders prior to cryopreservation on sperm quality characteristics

This study investigated the effects of long‐term extenders on post‐thaw sperm quality characteristics following different holding times (HT) of boar semen at 17 and 10°C. Sperm‐rich fractions, collected from five boars, were diluted in Androhep^® Plus (AHP), Androstar^® Plus (ASP), Safecell^® Plus and TRIXcell^® Plus (TCP) extenders. The extended semen samples were held for 2 hr at 17°C (HT 1) and additionally for 24 hr at 10°C (HT 2), after they were evaluated and frozen. CASA sperm motility and motion patterns, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosome integrity were assessed in the pre‐freeze and frozen‐thawed semen. The Vybrant Apoptosis Assay Kit was used to analyse the proportions of viable and plasma membrane apoptotic‐like changes in spermatozoa. Results indicated that boar variability, extender and HT significantly affected the sperm quality characteristics, particularly after freezing‐thawing. Differences in the pre‐freeze semen were more marked in the sperm motion patterns between the HTs. Pre‐freeze semen in HT 2 showed significantly higher VCL and VAP, whereas no marked effects were observed in the sperm membrane integrity and viability (YO‐PRO‐1^?/PI^?) among the extenders. Post‐thaw sperm TMOT and PMOT were significantly higher in the AHP and ASP extenders of HT 2 group, whereas VSL, VCL and VAP were markedly lower in the TCP extender. Furthermore, spermatozoa from the AHP‐ and ASP‐extended semen of HT 2 group were characterized by higher MMP, PMI and NAR acrosome integrity following freezing‐thawing. In most of the extenders, the incidence of frozen‐thawed spermatozoa with apoptotic‐like changes was greater in HT 1. The findings of this study indicate that holding of boar semen at 10°C for 24 hr in long‐term preservation extenders modulates post‐thaw sperm quality characteristics in an extender‐dependent manner. These results will further contribute to the improvement in the cryopreservation technology of boar semen.     

The Effects of Centrifuged Egg Yolk Used with INRA Plus Soybean Lecithin Extender on Semen Quality to Freeze Miniature Caspian Horse Semen

The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of centrifuged egg yolk (EY) and soybean lecithin on post-thaw Caspian horse sperm motility, morphological abnormalities, and assessment of membrane integrity. The centrifuged EY (CEY) was added at concentrations of 2% and 4% to a defined INRA plus 1.25% soybean lecithin extender used to freeze Caspian horse semen. In this experiment, ejaculates collected from each Caspian horse (n = 4) were divided into three equal aliquots and diluted in CEY 2% (INRA2), 4% (INRA4) supplemented, and without any CEY (INRA0) in INRA plus 1.25% soybean lecithin extender, respectively. Thereafter, samples were frozen and thawed following a standard protocol. Sperm cryosurvival was evaluated in vitro by microscopy assessments of post-thaw sperm motility (by means of computer-assisted semen motility analysis [CASA]), acrosomal and other abnormalities (head, mid-pieces, and tail) and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated by HOST). In Caspian stallion, semen extended with INRA2 had significantly higher CASA motility and CASA progressive motility than those extended with the rest of extenders after freezing and thawing (P < .001). There was no significant difference in path velocity (VAP), VCL, and ALH among three groups (P > .05). For straight line velocity (P < .01) and LIN (P < .001), the highest values were obtained from the INRA4 group. The highest percentages of acrosomal and other abnormalities were found in semen diluted in INRA4 (P < .001). In the group frozen INRA2, the percentage of membrane integrity was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < .001). The use of CEY 2% in combination with soybean lecithin significantly improved Caspian horse semen freezability.     

Lactoferrin increases sperm membrane functionality of frozen equine semen

During cryopreservation, sperm was submitted to an increase in reactive oxygen species generation. This work aimed to improve the quality of frozen equine sperm after the addition of antioxidants lactoferrin (Lf) and catalase (Cat) to a freezing extender. Semen from six stallions was frozen with the extenders: F1) control, INRA 82 freezing extender, F2) F1 + 500 μg/ml Lf and F3) F1 + 200 IU/ml Cat. After thawing, sperm motility parameters, membrane functionality and integrity, and acrosome integrity and spontaneous acrosome‐reacted sperm were evaluated with a computer‐assisted sperm analysis, a hypoosmotic swelling test and epifluorescent microscopy, respectively. Nitrite, hydroperoxide and iron concentrations of frozen semen were measured with spectrophotometry. The percentage of functional membrane sperm treated with Lf was higher (50.7% ± 11.6%) compared to that of the control (37.6% ± 15.6%), while the iron (61.4 ± 11.6 vs 73.3 ± 13.8 mg/dl) and nitrite concentrations (16.3 ± 7.1 vs 25.9 ± 4.2 μM/μg protein) were lower, respectively (p < .05). Thus, it can be suggested that Lf protect stallion spermatozoon during freezing as it has increased the percentage of sperm with functional membrane and decreased the lipid oxidant agents.     

Alternatives in Donkey semen cryopreservation: Mare vs. Jenny Colostrum

The aim of this study was to test and compare two new components in extenders for freezing donkey semen: mare colostrum and jenny colostrum. Colostrum was obtained from four mares and four jennies right after the foal's birth. Ejaculates were collected from five fertile donkeys. Sperm samples were pooled, diluted and cryopreserved in three different experimental extender groups: lactose supplemented with egg yolk extender (20%) as the control group, lactose supplemented with jenny colostrum extender (20%), and lactose supplemented with mare colostrum extender (20%). After thawing, we evaluated the sperm motility by means of computer‐assisted analysis, viability by SYBR‐14 and propidium iodide (PI), membrane functional by HOS test and acrosome integrity by isothiocyanate conjugated with peanut agglutinin (FITC‐PNA) and PI. The results demonstrated that lactose–jenny colostrum extender displayed significantly higher values (p < .05) in nearly all parameters evaluated – Total Motility, Viability, HOS test, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and WOB –, compared with mare colostrum and egg yolk extenders after thawing. In conclusion, the extender containing jenny colostrum used for donkey semen cryopreservation improved the donkey sperm quality after the freezing–thawing process.     

近交五指山小型猪精液冷冻保存技术的研究

用液氮熏蒸法在氟板上制作冻精颗粒,以解冻后的精子活率、活力和质膜完整性为判定指标,比较4种冷冻稀释液及不同冷冻-解冻程序对五指山小型猪精液冷冻的效果。结果表明:①Ⅳ号冷冻稀释液冷冻解冻后精子的活率(0.610±0.036)、活力(0.427±0.025)和质膜完整性(0.503±0.015)均显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ号冷冻稀释液(P<0.05)。②实验中精液在4℃冰箱中平衡降温2 h的精液精子活力、质膜完整性均好于在17℃平衡3 h再放入4℃冰箱中平衡2 h的解冻效果,而且精子活率差异显著(P<0.05)。③湿解法的效果优于干解法。     

海藻糖对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

在传统的Tris-柠檬酸-葡萄糖稀释液基础上，分别添加25％、50％、75％、100％的海藻糖，研究不同浓度海藻糖对猪精液冷冻后精子质量的影响。结果表明，海藻糖相对于对照TCG稀释液能够显著改善和提高猪精液的冷冻效果，其最佳添加浓度为25％，冷冻-解冻后猪精子活力、活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整性以及顶体完整率均显著提高（P〈0．05），分别达到41．38％、46．34％、44．56％、43．51％和64．09％。海藻糖可以明显抑制精子获能，获能处理前精子获能率仅为3．68％，而获能处理后达到41．82％，有利于促进精子获能。精液稀释液中甘油的适宜添加浓度为2％，海藻糖只有与甘油共同作用，才能在冷冻-解冻过程更加有效地保护精子。猪精子活力、活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整率、顶体完整率等之间存在极显著的正相关关系（P〈0．01），而与获能处理前精子的获能率存在显著的负相关关系（P〈0．05）。