高坡猪肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性分析

为了探讨肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因的多态性对高坡猪肉质性状（水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、眼肌面积、大理石纹、pH、肉色、嫩度、滴水损失、失水率）的影响,试验以MSTN基因作为肉质性状候选基因,以10月龄的50头高坡猪为研究对象,采用PCR扩增产物直接测序的方法对高坡猪MSTN基因3个外显子的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行研究,运用SPSS 20.0软件分析MSTN基因SNP与肉质性状的关联性。结果表明,仅在高坡猪MSTN基因第3外显子63 bp处检测到1个C/T突变位点,该突变为同义突变,未引起编码氨基酸的改变。基因型分析发现,仅有3个个体在该位点发生突变,CC基因型为优势基因型,C为优势等位基因,无TT纯合基因型。经χ²适合性检验分析,该SNP在研究群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。群体遗传参数分析发现,C63T标记位点的杂合度（He）相对较低,表明其在高坡猪群体中的变异较小;就多态信息含量（PIC）而言,该位点属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）,说明该遗传标记能够提供少量的遗传信息。将该位点的不同基因型与肉质性状指标进行关联分析表明,所有肉质性状指标在不同基因型间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,MSTN基因外显子在高坡猪中存在多态性,但变异较少,相对保守,能否作为高坡猪肉质性状的遗传标记有待于扩大样本数量进一步研究。     

绵羊MSTN基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

【目的】探讨绵羊肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin, MSTN)基因多态性及其对绵羊肉质性状的影响,以期为绵羊肉用性能的选育提供有效的遗传分子标记。【方法】利用液相捕获测序技术获取MSTN基因在杜泊羊(D)、滩羊(T)和小尾寒羊(XH)共91只绵羊中的变异位点,并筛选出品种间差异显著的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)位点。针对筛选出的位点,利用飞行质谱检测技术对滩羊、小尾寒羊、杜泊羊和杜滩寒三元杂交羊(DTH)共30只绵羊进行基因分型,并与肉质性状进行关联分析。【结果】试验筛选出的MSTN基因rs129059715位点在4个绵羊群体中共检测到3种基因型,分别为15个CC基因型、9个CA基因型及6个AA基因型,C为优势等位基因(除杜滩寒三元杂交羊外)。在杜泊羊、滩羊和杜滩寒三元杂交羊群体中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),在小尾寒羊群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态(P<0.05);在杜泊羊和小尾寒羊群体中均处于低度多态(PIC<0.25);在滩羊和杜滩寒三元杂交羊群体中均处...     

Polymorphisms of MSTN Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Chishui Black-bone Chicken

This study was aimed to analyze the association of myostatin (MSTN) gene polymorphisms with meat quality traits in Chishui Black-bone chicken. The DNA pooling was constructed and the direct sequencing technology of PCR product was used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of MSTN gene. The results showed that C324T were detected in exon 1 of MSTN gene in Chishui Black-bone chicken. However, there was not found SNP site in exon 2 and exon 3 of MSTN gene. The C324T site was devised into three genotypes of CC, CT and TT. The association relationships between the genotype of MSTN gene and meat quality traits revealed that chest muscle pH and leg muscle pH value of Chishui Black-bone chicken with CT genotype were significantly higher than that of CC and TT genotypes (P<0.05), the shear force of CT genotype was significantly higher than that of TT genotype (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in other meat quality traits (P>0.05). This results suggested that the pH value and shear force of MSTN gene had a larger genetic effect in Black-bone chicken,MSTN gene was one of genes which could control the preliminary inference, might affect the pH value and shear force or with the main gene chain in Black-bone chicken, and could be used as pH value and shear force of molecular markers of Black-bone chicken.     

延边黄牛脂蛋白脂肪酶基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

为探究延边黄牛脂蛋白脂肪酶（lipoprteinlipase,LPL）基因遗传多态性及其对肉质性状的影响,本试验以80头健康的30月龄延边黄牛背最长肌作为试验材料,运用PCR直接测序法和高分辨率熔解曲线技术（HRM）对LPL基因的SNP位点进行检测,分析了试验群体的遗传效应,并与延边黄牛的肉质性状数据进行关联分析。PCR直接测序结果表明,延边黄牛LPL基因存在2个多态性位点（g.6215 A>G和g.18341 C>T）,其中g.6215 A>G位点表现为2种基因型：AA与AG,优势等位基因为A;g.18341 C>T位点表现为2种基因型：CC和CT,C为优势等位基因;对文献中2个位点的检测结果表明,g.355427 T>A位点表现为2种基因型：AA与AT,A为优势等位基因;c.322 G>A位点的HRM分型结果显示并未分型。这些多态性位点全部呈中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,并处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。HRM分型结果显示,这3个SNPs位点与延边黄牛肉质性状存在显著相关：g.6215 A>G位点与延边黄牛胴体重及脂肪、蛋白、水分含量有显著关联,表现为AG基因型个体胴体重、脂肪含量显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）,AA基因型个体蛋白及水分含量显著高于AG基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.18341 C>T位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及背膘厚有显著关联,表现为CT基因型个体这些性状均显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.355427 T>A位点AT基因型个体宰前活重、背膘厚和脂肪含量均高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）。综上,LPL基因g.6215 A>G、g.18341 C>T和g.355427 T>A位点对延边黄牛的肉质有显著影响,LPL基因可以作为延边黄牛品种选育改良工作的优势候选基因和有效分子标记。     

苏姜猪A-FABP基因遗传多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

研究采用PCR-RFLP技术分析苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪群体A-FABP基因遗传多态性,并用统计学方法分析基因座多态与肉质性状的相关性。结果表明:3个猪种A-FABP基因内含子1均具有Bsm I酶切多态性,分别检测到3种基因型(AA、AB和BB),χ~2适合性检验显示,3个猪种A-FABP基因型分布处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。多态信息含量(PIC)分析显示,3个品种猪均为中度多态;基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,不同基因型肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹差异显著,大理石纹AA、AB型显著高于BB型(P0.05),肌内脂肪含量AA显著高于AB、BB型(P0.05)。结论显示,苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪A-FABP基因intron 1多态性对肉质性状影响显著。     

西南矮马肌肉生长抑制素基因启动子区PCR-RFLP 多态性检测

利用PCR-RFLP技术对贵州矮马、德保矮马和宁强矮马3个品种的45个个体的肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin, MSTN)基因的启动子区进行多态性分析。结果表明,大小为204 bp的扩增片段经限制性内切酶SspⅠ酶切后,不同基因型经过测序发现156T→C突变,产生AA和AB两种基因型,没有发现BB基因型。贵州矮马和宁强矮马中AB基因型频率大于AA基因型,德保矮马中AA基因型占优势,在3种矮马品种A等位基因频率均大于B等位基因。卡方检测结果发现,贵州和德保矮马在该酶切位点处于平衡状态(P＞0.05),而宁强矮马在该位点分布差异显著(P＜0.05)。     

猪IGFBP2基因遗传多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

试验旨在探究胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2（insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2,IGFBP2）基因遗传变异对猪肉质性状的影响,为猪品种选育提供遗传学依据。参考GenBank中猪IGFBP2基因序列（登录号：BV727778）设计1对引物,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测IGFBP2基因在苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪中的遗传多态性,并分析基因座多态性与猪肉质性状的相关性。结果发现,3个猪种IGFBP2基因内含子3均具有Msp Ⅰ酶切多态性,分别检测到3种基因型：AA、AB和BB;χ²适合性检验显示,3个猪种IGFBP2基因基因型分布均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;多态信息含量（PIC）分析显示,3个猪种均为中度多态。IGFBP2基因不同基因型与肉质性状关联分析显示,3个猪种不同基因型肉色、肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹差异显著,AA基因型肉色（姜曲海猪除外）、肌内脂肪含量均显著高于AB、BB基因型（P < 0.05）;AA、AB基因型大理石纹显著高于BB基因型（P < 0.05）,其余指标间差异不显著（P > 0.05）。综上,苏姜猪、姜曲海猪、长白猪IGFBP2基因内含子3多态性对肉质性状影响显著,可作为潜在影响猪肉质性状的候选基因。     

绵羊CLPG和MSTN基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

试验旨在探究CLPG(Callipyge)与MSTN(Myostatin)基因作为绵羊生长性状候选基因的可能性,调查与绵羊生长性状相关的分子遗传标记。本试验以133只澳洲白羊×杜泊羊×湖羊杂交绵羊为研究对象,利用PCR产物直接测序及PCR-RFLP技术检测CLPG与MSTN基因的单核苷酸多态性,然后通过SPSS22.0软件GLM统计模型分析多态位点不同基因型及聚合基因型与绵羊生长性状的关联性。测序结果表明,CLPG基因STS序列232bp处检测到C→T突变位点C1,MSTN基因3'UTR区检测到G→A突变位点M1。PCR-RFLP分析显示,C1位点表现为2种基因型:CC和CT;M1位点表现为2种基因型:GG和GA。关联分析表明,C1位点与绵羊背膘厚和眼肌面积显著或极显著相关(P<0.05;P<0.01),M1位点与绵羊体重、管围、背膘厚和眼肌面积显著或极显著相关(P<0.05;P<0.01)。聚合基因型对体重、背膘厚和眼肌面积影响极显著(P<0.01)。研究揭示CLPG与MSTN基因多态性及其聚合基因型对绵羊生长性状具有显著影响,C1和M1位点可以考虑作为绵羊生长性状的有效遗传标记。     

高邮鸭生长抑制素基因外显子3多态性与腹脂率的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了2个不同高邮鸭群体和1个绍鸭群体肌肉生长抑制素基因(Myostatin,MSTN)外显子3的单核苷酸多态性,并与腹脂率进行关联性分析。结果表明,在MSTN基因外显子3的第2701bp处检测到G→A的同义突变。在3个鸭群中,均检测到3种基因型(AA、BB和AB基因型),且都以B等位基因为优势等位基因。最小二乘法分析结果表明,不同基因型对高邮鸭群的腹脂率有显著影响;BB型高邮鸭腹脂率显著高于AB型和AA型(P<0.05)。新组建闭锁群BB基因型频率低于原闭锁群,但未达到显著水平。就外显子3而言,MSTN基因作为影响腹脂率的候选基因有待于进一步的研究。     

鸡钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性

为探讨钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(Calpastatin,CAST)基因作为影响鸡肉质性状候选基因的可能性,本研究以8个优质鸡新品系为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP方法对CAST基因的部分编码区进行单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)检测。结果发现了CAST基因1个多态性位点(G→T),使试验鸡群表现出AA、BB和AB这3种基因型。利用SAS(8.01)软件统计分析了3种基因型与优质鸡肉质性状的相关性,结果表明,CAST基因的多态性对鸡肌内脂肪含量、肌纤维密度和直径有显著的影响(P0.05),对其他肉质性状无显著影响(P0.05);推测CAST基因可能对鸡肉质性状具有很大的影响或与控制肉质性状的主基因连锁。     

The Polymorphisms of MSTN Gene and Its Relationship with Meat Quanlity Traits in Gaopo Pig

To explore the influence of Gaopo pig myostatin (MSTN) gene polymorphism on meat quanlity traits (moisture,crude fat,crude protein,crude ash, loin muscle area, marbling score, pH value, color of meat,tenderness,drip loss, water loss rate), MSTN gene was chosen as a candidate gene for research meat quality traits in this study. 50 Gaopo pigs at 10 months old were selected,the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of three exons of MSTN gene in Gaopo pig were detected by direct sequencing of PCR amplification products, and the correlation between MSTN gene SNP and meat quality traits was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that a C/T mutation had been found at 63 bp of MSTN gene exon 3,the site was silent mutation, and did not caused changes of encoding amino acid. Genotype analysis showed only three samples had mutations in the site, CC genotype was the dominant type and allele C was the dominant gene, but there was no TT homozygous genotype. The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed the research group obeyed the genetic equilibrium (P>0.05). Population genetic parameter analysis showed the heterozygosity (He) of C63T was lower, and had a low variation in Gaopo pig population. Polymorphism information content (PIC) analysis showed that it was a low polymorphic loci (PIC<0.25), and the site could provide a little genetic imformation. There was no significant difference between the different genotypes and meat quality traits (P>0.05).Given the above, the polymorphism of MSTNgene exon was found in Gaopo pig, with less variation and relatively conservative.It's needed to expand the number of sample for further explore whether the site could be considered as genetic markers for meat quality traits of Gaopo pig or not.     

鸡MC3R基因多态性及其与屠体和肉质性状的相关性

以四川大恒家禽育种有限公司和四川省畜牧科学研究院培育的5个新品系纯系和3个杂交系鸡群为试验材料,对MC3R基因进行PCR扩增,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序分析了MC3R基因在上述鸡群中的多态性.结果表明8个鸡群中存在A 1 424 G的突变.经过基因型与屠体性状的关联分析得知各基因型除与半净膛率(SEP)和腿肌率(LMP)无显著影响(P＞0.05)外,对其它屠体性状则有显著(P＜0.05)和极显著影响(P＜0.01);与肉质性状相关分析结果显示,1 424位点仅对粗蛋白(CP)含量和肌内脂肪含量(IMF)影响显著(P＜0.05).     

大骨鸡MSTN基因的表达检测

以大骨鸡为试材,采用RT-PCR法检测了MSTN基因在大骨鸡不同器官中的表达情况。结果表明,MSTN基因在大骨鸡骨骼肌中表达水平较高,在心肌、肾脏、脑、肠、舌中也有微量表达,但在肺、肝脏中未检测出MSTN mRNA,而且在14日龄时表达水平高于35和56日龄。     

Polymorphism of IGFBP2 Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Pigs

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene effect on meat quality traits in pigs. A pair of primer was designed,which based on DNA sequence of IGFBP2 gene (GenBank accession No.:BV727778). The genetic polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene was detected by PCR-RFLP in Sujiang pig, Jiangquhai pig and Landrace pig, and the association between IGFBP2 gene polymorphism and meat quality traits in three pig breeds was analyzed. The results showed that three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected. The Chi-square test results showed that the genotype distribution of three pig breeds was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) were moderately polymorphic in three pig breeds. According to the association analysis of different genotypes, significant difference was found in color value, intramuscular fat content and marbling, the color value (except for Jianquhai pig) and intramuscular fat content of AA genotype were significantly higher than AB and BB genotypes (P < 0.05), the marbling of AA and AB genotypes was significantly higher than BB genotype (P < 0.05). In conclusion,the polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene intron 3 had significant effects on meat quality traits, and was candidate gene for the potential impact on meat quality traits of pigs.     

大骨鸡中MSTN基因表达规律性的研究

本实验以大骨鸡为试材,采用RT-PCR法检测了MSTN基因在大骨鸡不同器官、不同时间的表达情况,结果表明MSTN基因在骨骼肌中表达水平较高,在心肌、肾脏、脑、肠、舌中也有微量表达,但在肺、肝脏中未检测出MSTNmRNA,而且在14日龄时表达水平明显低于35日龄和56日龄,而且在孵化后一周时胸肌中MSTN基因的表达水平达到最低。     

兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

为了解兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因SNPs与屠宰性状的相关性,本研究采用基因克隆及PCR产物直接测序的方法,将MSTN基因作为鸭屠宰性状的候选基因,对兴义鸭的MSTN基因外显子进行多态性检测.结果表明,在60个兴义鸭个体中筛选出8个SNPs,其中,第1外显子有5个突变位点:SNP1(G77A)、SNP2(A91G)、SNP3(G130A)、SNP4(C325T)和SNP5(C331T);在第2外显子中并未发现突变位点;第3外显子有3个突变位点:SNP6(C206T)、SNP7(A235G)和SNP8(C256A);对这8个SNPs与屠宰性状进行关联性分析,结果并未达到显著水平(P>0.05).本研究结果可丰富MSTN基因的研究数据,为鸭的育种提供参考.     

牛组织蛋白D基因多态性与肉质、胴体性状的关联分析

以51头西门塔尔和鲁西黄牛的杂交后代作为试验动物,扩增组织蛋白酶D(cathepsin D,CTSD)基因部分外显子,通过DNA测序方法检测到该基因第5、6、8外显子共4个SNPs(T581C、T599C、A861T、A1128G)的遗传变异。SAS软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将几个位点的不同基因型与牛肉质、胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,位于CTSD基因外显子5的T581C突变与大理石纹性状呈显著相关(P<0.05),BB基因型显著优于AA和AB基因型,这为T581C作为肉牛大理石纹的分子标记提供了一定的理论依据。