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沈秀平 《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2022,(1)
浦东白猪作为我国唯一的毛色全白地方猪种,是上海的四大地方猪种之一,该品种极具特色,有性成熟早、繁殖力高、母性好、肉质鲜美、杂交优势明显等特点,而且耐粗饲、抗病力强,一直是上海市重点保护的重要种猪资源。在新形势下,浦东白猪的种质资源保护和利用遇到新的困难,也迎来新的机遇。为此,本文介绍了浦东白猪的生存现状及存在的问题;对浦东白猪种质资源保护和开发利用策略提出了几点思考和建议:开展浦东白猪的群体遗传多样性和进化分析、建立一个浦东白猪遗传资源信息数据库,研究一套浦东白猪科学的保种方案,开展疫病生态防控研究、构建疫病监测净化技术体系、逐步实现无规定疫病,构建具有浦东白猪品质特色的商品化生产模式。 相似文献
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5个安徽地方猪种和5个引进猪种微卫星标记遗传多样性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用30个微卫星DNA标记检测5个安徽地方猪种(定远猪、圩猪、安庆六白猪、皖南黑猪、皖南花猪)和5个引进猪种(巴克夏、杜洛克、皮特兰、大约克夏、长白)的等位基因,并进行了遗传多样性、F统计量、Nei's遗传距离和UPGMA聚类分析。结果表明,30个微卫星座位共检测到380个等位基因,10个猪种的遗传多样性丰富:有效等位基因数2.274 2~4.513 1,期望杂合度范围为0.496 3~0.777 7,多态信息含量范围为0.466 8~0.750 4,安徽地方品种的有效等位基因数、期望杂合度和多态信息含量均高于引进品种。5个安徽地方品种和5个引进品种的遗传分化系数变化范围分别为0.059 1~0.239 4和0.113 1~0.407 5。地方品种和引进品种的基因流平均分别为1.418 7和0.887 3。10个品种之间的遗传距离和遗传相似系数分别为0.341 4~1.628 6和0.196 2~0.710 8。聚类分析显示,5个地方品种和5个引进品种分别聚为一类,地方品种中圩猪和安庆六白猪首先聚为一小类,再与定远猪聚为一小类,皖南黑猪和皖南花猪单独聚为一小类,最后聚为地方品种类中;引进品种中,杜洛克与大约克夏首先聚为一小类,再先后与长白、巴克夏聚为一小类,最后与皮特兰聚在引进品种类中。该研究中30个微卫星座位在10个品种猪中具有丰富的遗传多样性,客观地反映了5个安徽地方品和5个引进品种的遗传关系和遗传分化,为地方品种资源的保护和利用工作提供科学依据,也为研究引进品种的多样性提供基础数据。 相似文献
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为探讨宁乡猪遗传多样性,本研究以外来猪种大白猪为对照,研究了宁乡猪GLP2R基因的多态性。通过限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)分析检测了该基因A/G位点。结果表明,宁乡猪全部为GG型,大围子猪和黔邵花猪的优势等位基因都为G;而外来品种(大白猪)的优势等位基因为A,其基因频率为0.6433,中外品种的差异较大。本研究为宁乡猪的保种和选育提供了有益的资料。 相似文献
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广东省现有5个地方猪种基于SNP芯片的遗传多样性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究以广东省现有的5个地方猪品种为对象,利用SNP芯片进行SNP分型,对比欧洲野猪、亚洲野猪以及4个西方商业猪种,对广东省现有地方猪品种的遗传多样性、遗传距离以及群体结构进行分析。结果表明:两广小耳花猪、大花白猪和蓝塘猪的遗传多样性低于西方商业猪种以及粤东黑猪和梅花猪;广东省地方猪与亚洲野猪遗传距离较近,与西方猪种遗传距离较远;作为大花白猪一个类群的梅花猪与大花白猪遗传距离较远,主成分分析以及Structure分析表明梅花猪与大花白猪遗传差异较大,梅花猪具有独特的遗传结构并存在西方猪血液的渗入;粤东黑猪与西方猪种遗传距离较近,粤东黑猪也存在西方猪种血液的渗入。综上所述,两广小耳花猪、大花白猪和蓝塘猪的遗传多样性较低,梅花猪和粤东黑猪存在西方猪种血液的渗入。 相似文献
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旨在更好的了解内江猪群体结构和遗传多样性,更好的保护和利用内江猪遗传资源。本研究基于低深度全基因组测序,检测了133头(12头公猪,121头母猪)内江猪的SNP,按照SNP检出率大于90%和95%获得两组SNP数据,分别编号为NJ90和NJ95。针对两组数据,通过群体分层、遗传距离、亲缘关系、家系划分等方法分析了内江猪群体结构,通过等位基因频率、有效等位基因数、多态性标记比、杂合度等指标估计了群体遗传多样性,最后利用不同方法评估了群体近交系数。结果显示:1)NJ90共包含135 760个SNPs位点,其等位基因频率为0.87,有效等位基因数为1.27,多态性标记比为0.76,观测杂合度为0.15,期望杂合度为0.21;NJ95包含32 266个SNPs位点,其等位基因频率为0.79,有效等位基因数为1.44,多态性标记比为0.74,观测杂合度为0.30,期望杂合度为0.31。2)NJ90结果显示群体平均遗传距离为0.20,平均亲缘系数为0.9%;NJ95结果显示群体平均遗传距离为0.25,平均亲缘系数为0.7%。3)根据NJ90公猪和群体聚类以及亲缘关系,可将群体分为6个家系。4)根据... 相似文献
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《水禽世界》2020,(5)
寿光鸡是国家级地方优良品种,原产于山东省寿光市,具有重要的保种价值。本研究利用微卫星标记检测两个不同保种场寿光鸡群体的遗传多样性,评估群体遗传资源现状和保种场的保种效果。结果表明:在来自山东寿光慈伦种鸡养殖场与中国农业大学动物科技学院家禽遗传资源与育种试验基地的两个寿光鸡群体中,5个微卫星标记共有等位基因53个,各微卫星标记的等位基因数为8~15;2个群体中5个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)分别为0.543和0.465,平均杂合度(heterozygosity, H)分别为0.601和0.523,说明各群体的遗传多样性较为丰富;2个群体间相似性系数为0.9678,Nei氏遗传距离为0.0328,UPGMA聚类结果将2个群体聚为1类,与白洛克群体明显分开,表明2个群体遗传相似性很高。研究表明两个不同保种场的寿光鸡的保种效果良好,但在遗传多样性上仍然存在一定差别,可能是保种群体大小和保种方法的不同所致,为寿光鸡这一地方品种的保种提供了部分参考与依据。 相似文献
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8个微卫星座位在海北金银滩藏羊群体中的多态性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究旨在分析金银滩藏羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种的保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供有益资料。利用8对微卫星引物,以金银滩藏羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明:在8个微卫星座位中,共检测到83个等位基因,每个座位平均10.38个等位基因;平均杂合度0.893;平均有效等位基因数9.06;平均多态性信息含量0.871。结果提示,金银滩藏羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估。 相似文献
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兰州大尾羊微卫星DNA多态性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究旨在分析兰州大尾羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供资料。选择15对微卫星引物,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明:在15个座位中,共检测到153个等位基因,每个座位平均为10.2个等位基因;座位平均杂合度为0.8149;平均有效等位基因数为6.0891;平均多态性信息含量为0.7762。结果提示,兰州大尾羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估。 相似文献
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XIAO Qian ZHANG Zhe SUN Hao ZHANG Xiang-zhe SHEN Da-de CHU Ye-gen WANG Qi-shan PAN Yu-chun 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(4):1095-1101
This study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and the reason for the degradation of the reproductive performance of Pudong White pig. The genetic diversity of Pudong White pig, six Taihu pig breeds and three Western pig breeds were analyzed based on the genome-wide SNPs.The genetic diversity and population structure of these pig breeds were also explored based on the SNPs related to reproductive traits. The results showed that Pudong White pig displayed a lower level of the genetic diversity than the Taihu area pig breeds. For the reproductive-related loci, except for Fengjing pig, Pudong White pig displayed the lowest propotion of polymorphic markers, expected heterozygosities and allelic richness (excluded Duroc pig). The result of PCA showed that Pudong White pig displayed its uniqueness in the reproductive-related SNPs. With the comparsion of Taihu pigs and Western populations, Pudong White pig displayed a lower level of the genetic diversity and more homozygous reproductive-related loci. Nevertheless, a certain number of favorable alleles were still harbored in Pudong White pig, which might result high heterosis in the offsprings. In conclusion, the results of this study might provide some valuable information for the breeding, conservation and utilization of this breed. 相似文献
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Kim TH Kim KS Choi BH Yoon DH Jang GW Lee KT Chung HY Lee HY Park HS Lee JW 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(10):2255-2263
To understand molecular genetic characteristics of Korean pigs, the genetic relationships of nine pig breeds including two Korean pigs (Korean native pig and Korean wild pig), three Chinese pigs (Min pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig), and four European breeds (Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) were characterized from a 16-microsatellite loci analysis. The mean heterozygosity within breeds ranged from 0.494 to 0.703. Across multiple loci, significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in most pig breeds, except for two Chinese pigs (Min pig and Wuzhishan pig). This deviation was in the direction of heterozygote deficit. Across population loci, 36 of 144 significantly deviated (P < 0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean FST, a measure of genetic divergence among subpopulations, of all loci indicated that 26.1% of total variation could be attributed to the breed difference. Relationship trees based on the Nei's DA genetic distance and scatter diagram from principal component analysis consistently displayed pronounced genetic differentiation among the Korean wild pig, Xiang pig, and Wuzhishan pig. Individual assignment test using a Bayesian method showed 100% success in assigning Korean and Chinese individual pigs into their correct breeds of origin and 100% exclusion success from all alternative reference populations at P < 0.001. These findings indicate that the Korean native pig has been experiencing progressive interbreeding with Western pig breeds after originating from a North China pig breed with a black coat color. Considering the close genetic relationship of Korean pigs to the Western breeds such as Berkshire and Landrace, our findings can be used as valuable genetic information for the preservation and further genetic improvement of the Korean native pig. 相似文献
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旨在解析太湖流域地方猪品种内部遗传结构,鉴定梅山猪亚群间、二花脸群体间和米猪群体间体重体尺性状差异的候选基因。试验采集440头猪样本(代表太湖流域地方猪最全面血统)进行基因芯片分型,并使用该基因分型数据集进行多种群体遗传学分析,明确太湖流域地方猪品种内部的遗传结构,并鉴定梅山猪亚群间、以及二花脸和米猪群体间体重体尺性状差异的候选SNP位点和候选基因。结果显示:在太湖流域地方猪种内部,二花脸猪与米猪间的亲缘关系最接近,其遗传距离小于梅山猪两个亚群间的遗传距离,并且拥有最为一致的进化路线。太湖流域地方猪各品种及梅山猪品种内两个亚群间都达到高度分化水平,Fst值均大于0.25,ADMIXTURE分析表明,包括梅山猪两个亚群在内的8个群体的群体结构不完全一致,在K=8时,各自展现出完全不同的祖先血统组成。通过梅山猪亚群间Fst分析、以及米猪和二花脸猪间Fst分析,在猪1、3和6号等染色体上,共鉴定到24个位点在两个分析中都表现出受选择状态,并在这些位点上下游50 kb范围注释到20个基因,其中有8个基因被报道与体重体尺性状相关。此外,受选择位点形成的选择区域与多个猪体重体尺相关QTLs重叠。试... 相似文献
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11个猪种SLC6A14基因3个SNPs的群体遗传变异研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究旨在了解猪种的遗传变异、种群间的亲缘关系和遗传分化。以白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系F0代的17头二花脸母猪和2头白色杜洛克公猪的DNA池为模板,通过直接测序在猪SLC6A14基因内识别4个SNPs,以3个突变位点(g.7944AT、c.1438GA、g.21063GT)为基础,通过PCR-RFLP技术,对11个中外猪种进行多态性检测。结果表明:在SLC6A14g.7944AT和g.21063GT2个突变位点上,所有检测猪种都出现变异,其中槐猪、二花脸猪在g.7944AT位点上变异显著(0.01P0.05);而里岔黑猪、槐猪、玉山黑猪、合作藏猪、八眉猪在g.21063GT内变异极显著(P0.01),以GT基因型为主,且二花脸猪中出现TT基因型;在SLC6A14c.1438GA突变位点上,3个欧洲猪种(长白、大白、杜洛克)没有出现变异,均为GG纯合型,而其他猪种在此位点上均存在变异;再根据11个猪种3个位点的多态性信息计算Nei氏遗传距离,由UPGMA法构建聚类图,说明中国地方猪种与外引猪种存在明显的遗传分化;由此得出中国地方猪种比外引猪种有高的遗传多样性和变异,且存在明显的遗传分化,品种间多数猪种符合品种地域分布和品种特性。 相似文献
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11个猪品种生长激素(pGH)基因多态性及其遗传分化研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
利用PCR和测序技术,检测了11个猪品种共65个个体的生长激素(pGH)基因全序列多态性,发现43个SNPs和1个位于内含子3的7 bp缺失片段。分析结果表明,pGH基因DNA序列不同功能区变异程度各不相同,外显子区、内含子区、5′和3′端非编码区SNPs位点各占SNPs位点总数的18.60%、74.42%、6.98%;外显子区8个SNPs位点导致4个氨基酸位点变异,外显子2是编码区的高变域;各SNPs的变异属典型的中性突变;不同品种有其独特的单倍型。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,pGH基因DNA序列品种内的变异(方差比率73.45%)大于品种间的变异(方差比率26.55%),品种间差异极显著(P<0.01),存在较明显的遗传分化;pGH基因自身进化及品种进化主要体现在内含子区,品种间的遗传分化与地理分布和基因交流有关。 相似文献
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Thuy NT Melchinger-Wild E Kuss AW Cuong NV Bartenschlager H Geldermann H 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(10):2601-2608
This study characterized autochthonous pig breeds of Vietnam and compared them with breeds from other regions. A total of 343 animals were considered from 5 indigenous pig breeds of Vietnam (Muong Khuong, Co, Meo, Tap Na, and Mong Cai), 2 exotic breeds kept in Vietnam (Landrace and Yorkshire), 3 European commercial breeds (German Land-race, Piétrain, and Large White), the Chinese breed Meishan, and the European Wild Boar. Each individual was genotyped for 20 selected polymorphic microsatellite loci. The Vietnamese autochthonous breeds showed higher degrees of polymorphism, allelic diversity, and heterozygosity than the other pig breeds. Also, large genetic diversity was observed across the area of distribution, with village-specific subpopulations, which led to significant inbreeding coefficients. As expected, genetic distances showed large differences among European-based, Chinese, and Vietnamese indigenous breeds and reflected the geographical distribution of breeds. In comparison with the European breeds, the Vietnamese indigenous pig breeds harbored a considerable amount of genetic diversity and, therefore, will be of significance for livestock bioconservation. 相似文献
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C Lemus-Flores R Ulloa-Arvizu M Ramos-Kuri F J Estrada R A Alonso 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(12):3021-3026
The main Creole pig population in Mexico, the hairless Mexican pig, remains as an unimproved and endangered genetic resource. In order to learn more about the genetic characteristics of this pig population, we assessed the allele frequency of 10 microsatellite loci in 177 unrelated hairless pigs from seven regions at Mexico and in 111 pigs of four commercial breeds (Landrace, Large White, Hampshire, and Duroc). Genetic diversity in each population was estimated by the unbiased average heterozygosity and the allele number. Nei's standard genetic distances and a neighbor-joining dendrogram were used to reveal the genetic relationships among these populations. In this report, we present data showing that the level of the genetic diversity in Mexican hairless pigs is high compared with previous reports, and that they belong to a genetic lineage divergent from commercial breeds. Furthermore, Mexican hairless pigs seem to have developed several genetically distinct lines associated with their geographic location. We conclude that the Mexican Creole pig populations may be a reservoir of genetic diversity that is important to preserve and evaluate as a source of new alleles for the future improvement of commercial pig lines. 相似文献
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为分析福建黄兔、新西兰兔、日本大耳白兔群体内的遗传变异情况和群体间的遗传相关性,本试验选取3个品种兔各25只,分别耳静脉采血并采用试剂盒抽提全血基因组,运用15个微卫星标记,结合荧光PCR技术和毛细管电泳方法获得目的片段,通过计算等位基因数、有效等位基因数、杂合度、多态信息含量和遗传距离,分析3个品种兔的遗传多样性。结果显示,3个品种兔在15个座位共检测到110个等位基因,平均等位基因数为7.3个,其中福建黄兔、新西兰兔和日本大耳白兔分别检测到95、95和88个等位基因,且分别在11、12和11个微卫星座位表现为高度多态,表明3个品种兔在筛选的15个微卫星座位均呈现较丰富的遗传多态信息。Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡检验结果表明,福建黄兔、新西兰兔和日本大耳白兔分别有8、8和6个座位处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。Nei氏遗传距离分析显示,福建黄兔与新西兰兔、福建黄兔与日本大耳白兔、新西兰兔与日本大耳白兔的Nei氏遗传距离分别为0.1761、0.2347和0.0432。遗传距离越小时,相似度越高,亲缘关系越近,因此,新西兰兔与日本大耳白兔间的亲缘关系最近,福建黄兔与日本大耳白兔间的亲缘关系最远。 相似文献
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本研究以藏猪、鄂西黑猪、大白猪、莱芜黑猪、北京黑猪、野猪、荣昌猪、八眉猪和里岔黑猪等国内外9个品种16头猪为研究对象,应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计引物对心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart fatty acid binding protein,H-FABP)基因第2内含子进行扩增测序后拼接,获得了长2078 bp的第2内含子全序列,发现了14个位点的SNPs;对所有突变进行Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade测验等遗传分布分析结果发现,西南型、高原型猪核酸分布值(π)、Tajima’s D测验值(DT)、Fu和Li’s D测验值(DFu and Li)分别为0.18%、-0.52和-0.30,华北型猪π、DT和DFu and Li分别为0.25%、0.76和0.72,培育和国外品种猪π值为0.29%;对所有类型的猪进行分析,其π、DT和DFu and Li分别为0.25%、-0.60和-0.17,在不同的猪种中各个位点的SNPs变异很大,对其进行构建进化树等一系列分析,得到相似结论,并最终推断出可能会影响肌内脂肪(intra muscular fat,IMF)含量的突变位点,为研究H-FABP与IMF的关系提供了理论基础。 相似文献