Effects of Different Milk Samples on Sensitization in BALB/c Mice

In order to study the allergenicity of camel milk,cow milk and human milk,sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) group (positive control group),cow milk group,camel milk group,human milk group and blank group (negative control group). Each group of mice received 1 mg/g BW samples and 0.3 μg/g cholera toxin (CT) per week,while mice in control group were received PBS and CT. After six weeks of intragastric administration,some allergic symptoms,the serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) levels,plasma histamine levels and vascular permeability were detected. The results showed that the body weight of mice in camel milk,human milk and blank groups were normally increased,while that in β-lg and cow milk groups tended to slow down. The serum-specific IgE,IgG1 levels and histamine level in β-lg and cow milk groups were extremely significantly higher than blank group (P<0.01),the vascular permeability was increased,and the allergy symptoms were obvious. While the specific IgE and IgG1 levels of camel milk group were extremely significantly lower than cow milk group (P<0.01),but there were no significant difference with human milk group (P>0.05),and the allergy symptoms were mild. This study showed that the sensitization of camel milk was lower than cow milk,and similar to human milk.     

BALB/c近交系小鼠的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态 DNA(RAPD)技术 ,分析了 BAL B/c近交系小鼠的基因多态性。结果表明 ,BAL B/c近交系小鼠表现出了多态性 RAPD标记 ,单个随机引物扩增的 DNA片段数目为 2至 11条不等 ,片段大小在 30 0～ 2 30 0 bp之间     

KM和BALB/c小鼠痘病毒感染的诊断

20只外购的KM和BALB/c小鼠发生了酷似鼠脱脚病的典型症状，取病鼠的肝、脾、肾、淋巴结和脑作组织学检查，发现其病理变化呈痘病毒感染的特征性改变，组织镁浆液接种传代的BHK细胞，可发生明显的CPE变化，经电镜超薄切征及负染检查发现大量的痘病毒颗粒，粒子的中心为DNA核酸和蛋白质组成的拟核，在衣壳的外面有囊膜包裹，对鸡红细胞均呈阳性凝集反应（HA为1：16），用小鼠痘病毒ELISA试剂盒检测病鼠血清呈阳性反应，用病毒悬液免疫接种KM和BALB／C小鼠后，发现前者感染性强，发病快，症状典型，以急性为主，并迅速出现死亡。后者对鼠痘抵抗力强，一般呈陷性感染，特征性症状出现较缓慢，但后者一旦施加实验因素动物则出现症状，也可迅速死亡。实验证明，该群小鼠患的传染病病原为鼠痘病毒。     

影响昆明小鼠和BALB/c小鼠胚胎干细胞分离、克隆、传代的若干因素

对昆明小鼠和BALB／c小鼠2种胚胎的研究表明，2种品系小鼠胚胎均可用作胚胎干细胞（ES）分离建系的材料，两者在ES分离、传代上无显著差异（P〉0．05）；大鼠心肌细胞条件培养液与添加LIF的ES常规培养液相比，显著提高了小鼠ES细胞F1、F2出现率（P〈0．05）；采用低浓度消化液使形成ES克隆的比率分别从14％、16％提高到35％、32％，使ES传到第5代的比率分别从1．7％、0提高到5％、7．1％；而采用连续消化法使形成ES克隆的比率从15％、17％提高到40％、50％，使ES传到第5代的比率从0、1％提高到10％、20％；对ES进行伊红染色、核型分析、AKP染色及体外分化能力检测，证实所分离的ES符合小鼠ES的一系列特征。     

犬新孢子虫Nc-GFP株对BALB/c小鼠的人工感染试验

为了解犬新孢子虫Nc-GFP株的生物学特性,本试验采用Vero细胞培养的犬新孢子虫速殖子,腹腔接种BALB/c小鼠,观察小鼠的临床症状及发病情况,脱颈处死濒死期小鼠,无菌分离小鼠脑组织,接种Vero细胞进行连续培养,并提取脑组织DNA进行NcMAG1基因的PCR鉴定。结果显示:BALB/c小鼠接种犬新孢子虫Nc-GFP株速殖子后,先后出现被毛逆立、共济失调等临床症状;小鼠脑组织接种Vero细胞14 d后,在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光的犬新孢子虫Nc-GFP株速殖子和包囊;小鼠脑组织经NcMAG1基因的PCR检测,扩增出1 047 bp的目的基因条带,经测序与GenBank中发表的NcMAG1(EF580924.1)核苷酸序列的同源性为99.6%。本试验成功地从BALB/c小鼠脑组织中分离出了犬新孢子虫Nc-GFP株,为Nc-GFP株生物学特性的深入研究奠定了基础。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染裸鼠及BALB/c小鼠的研究

用猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）经腹腔注射BALB/c小鼠及裸鼠各15只,每隔2周1次,共感染3次.BALB/c小鼠初次、再次感染后均未出现明显的临床症状,仅有2只小鼠出现病理变化;从血清中可检测到PCV2核酸及其ORF2抗体;同时淋巴细胞增殖反应显著增强,NK和CTL细胞杀伤率显著升高;CD4^＋、CD8^＋、CD3^＋T淋巴细胞及CD19^＋B淋巴细胞数量显著减少.裸鼠也未出现明显的临床症状,从血清中可检测到PCV2核酸,但未检测到PCV2 ORF2抗体;除NK细胞杀伤率显著升高外,其余免疫学指标无显著改变.结果表明,BALB/c小鼠比裸鼠对PCV2易感,各项免疫学指标变化与PCV2感染猪一致,但不表现临床症状,仅个别BALB/c小鼠出现病理变化,说明BALB/c小鼠对PCV2不如猪易感.     

猪链球菌2型三种重组表达蛋白对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护性评价

将150只BALB/c小鼠随机分成5组。用猪链球菌2型pET32a-Sly、pET32a-38ku和pET32a-Sly-38ku表达的重组蛋白制备的疫苗,以及猪链球菌2型全菌灭活疫苗分别免疫A、B、C、D组小鼠,E组为生理盐水对照。首免后第2周加强免疫1次,二免后第2周,用致死量强毒猪链球菌2型四川分离株和江苏分离株以及马链球菌兽疫亚种安徽分离株攻毒,观察攻毒后对小鼠的免疫保护率。结果,A组与C、D组对猪链球菌2型感染的保护率差异显著（P〈0.05）,而C组与D组之间保护率无显著差异;A、B、C、D组之间对马链球菌兽疫亚种安徽分离株感染的保护率差异不显著;各免疫组的保护率极显著高于对照组。结果表明,3种重组疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,能对强毒株猪链球菌2型的攻击感染起到保护作用。     

人工感染牛无浆体BALB/c小鼠内脏器官的组织病理学观察

为了解牛无浆体阳性动物内脏器官的病理变化,将牛无浆体人工接种至BALB/c小鼠,利用血涂片染色法和PCR法鉴定感染情况,对感染牛无浆体的BALB/c小鼠内脏器官做组织病理学观察。结果表明,牛无浆体可引起BALB/c小鼠心脏的心肌细胞嗜酸性增强、胞核固缩,肝脏的肝细胞中重度颗粒变性,脾脏的淋巴细胞形态不规则等病变。本研究表明,感染牛无浆体的BALB/c小鼠的内脏器官和心、肝、脾等均产生了不同程度的病理学变化,为牛无浆体的致病性研究提供了参考数据。     

BALB/c小鼠肺组织中氧化及抗氧化系统的动态研究

为探讨BALB/c小鼠正常生理状况下肺组织中的氧化及抗氧化系统的动态变化规律,采用分光光度计法分别测定了肺组织中的黄嘌呤氧化酶（xanthine oxidase,XOD）活性、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性变化。结果表明,在第3、6、7、12天BALB/c小鼠肺组织的XOD活性、MDA含量、SOD活性均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。说明生理状态下,BALB/c小鼠肺组织中自由基的产生与清除的酶系统之间维持动态平衡。     

肝螺杆菌感染促进四氯化碳导致的BALB/c小鼠肝纤维化研究

为探讨肝螺杆菌(Helicobacter hepaticus,H.h)感染对四氯化碳(CCl₄)致BALB/c小鼠肝纤维化病程的影响,选取5～6周龄雄性BALB/c小鼠40只,随机分为4组(对照组、H.h组、CCl₄组、H.h+CCl₄组)。H.h和CCl₄组分别采用灌胃法和腹腔注射法处理,分别于H.h感染后4和12周进行采样,检测各组小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量,分别采用HE染色、天狼猩红染色、免疫组化法和实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测小鼠肝脏纤维化情况。结果显示：处理4周时,CCl₄组和H.h+CCl₄组小鼠出现轻度肝纤维化,其他组未见明显病变;处理12周时,与H.h组相比,H.h+CCl₄组小鼠肝脏中H.h活菌量显著升高(P>0.01),血清中ALT和AST均显著升高(P>0.01),肝脏中大量胶原纤维沉积,炎症和纤维化相关因子转录水平显著升高(P>0.01...     

Effects of social isolation,re‐socialization and age on cognitive and aggressive behaviors of Kunming mice and BALB/c mice

Both Kunming (KM) mice and BALB/c mice have been widely used as rodent models to investigate stress‐associated mental diseases. However, little is known about the different behaviors of KM mice and BALB/c mice after social isolation, particularly cognitive and aggressive behaviors. In this study, the behaviors of KM and BALB/c mice isolated for 2, 4 and 8 weeks and age‐matched controls were evaluated using object recognition, object location and resident‐intruder tests. The recovery of behavioral deficits by re‐socialization was also examined for the isolated mice in adolescence. Our study showed that isolation for 2, 4 and 8 weeks led to cognitive deficits and increased aggressiveness for both KM and BALB/c mice. An important finding is that re‐socialization could completely recover spatial/non‐spatial cognitive deficits resulted from social isolation for both KM and BALB/c mice. In addition, age only impacted aggressiveness of KM mice. Moreover, isolation duration showed different impacts on cognitive and aggressive behaviors for both KM and BALB/c mice. Furthermore, BALB/c mice showed weak spatial/non‐spatial memory and low aggressiveness when they were at the same age and isolation duration, compared to KM mice. In conclusion, KM mice and BALB/c mice behaved characteristically under physiology and isolation conditions.     

小鼠抗青霉素和头孢菌素酰化酶抗体制备及交叉反应研究

为探讨用不同方法制备的抗原对抗体效价的影响以及抗体之间的交叉反应 ,采用 3种不同方法制备的抗原分别免疫 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,制备出抗青霉素酰化酶 α亚基、β亚基和抗头孢菌素酰化酶α亚基、β亚基 4种抗体 ,测定了它们的效价 ;同时还比较了用同一种方法制备的抗原免疫小鼠后制作这两类抗体的效价以及上述 4种抗体之间对应抗原的交叉反应。结果表明 ,用割胶法制备的抗原免疫小鼠后所得抗体效价较高 ;同样用割胶法制备的抗原免疫小鼠后所得的两类抗体效价无显著差异 ;在交叉反应测试中 ,抗头孢菌素酰化酶抗体也能识别青霉素酰化酶 ,但抗青霉素酰化酶抗体却几乎不能识别头孢菌素酰化酶 ,即抗头孢菌素酰化酶抗体更为活跃 ,而抗青霉素酰化酶抗体则更为专一。同类抗体对应抗原 2个亚基之间的交叉反应说明其互相结合部位结构的类似 ,同时也说明只有进一步制作单克隆抗体才能筛选出特异性强的抗体     

Tissue-specific expression of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 in BALB/c mice

Activation of the innate immune system requires recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as NOD-like receptors. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, and subsequent inflammatory responses. NLRP3 inflammasome plays important roles in the inflammatory and innate immune responses associated with autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. However, analysis of the tissue distribution and expression profiles in BALB/c mice is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution and expression pattern of NLRP3 in BALB/c mice to further elucidate its function in innate immunity in this commonly used laboratory animal model. NLRP3 mRNA expression levels and tissue distribution of the protein were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. NLRP3 mRNA expression was higher in the kidney and inguinal lymph nodes than in other tissues. Cytoplasmic expression of NLRP3 was detected in the epithelial reticular cells of the spleen and thymus, lymphocytes in the inguinal lymph nodes, cardiac muscle cells, cerebral cortex neurons, alveolar macrophages, renal tubule cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The results of this study will assist investigators in interpreting site-specific functions and roles of NLRP3 in inflammatory responses.     

Protective Effect of Stachybotrys microspora Triprenyl Phenol-7on the Deposition of IgA to the Glomerular Mesangium in Nivalenol-induced IgA Nephropathy Using BALB/c Mice

Activators of tissue proteolysis including Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP)-7 are a new class of agents that are expected to be effective for amelioration of chronic tissue destructive diseases. The present study was performed to examine whether SMTP-7 is effective for the amelioration or protection of early-stage IgA nephropathy (IgAN) induced by nivalenol (NIV) in female BALB/c mice. In Experiment 1, mice were administered NIV at 24 ppm in diet for 8 weeks, and during the NIV treatment, they were intraperitoneally injected with SMTP-7 (10 mg/kg) three times a week. In Experiment 2, mice were injected similarly with SMTP-7 during the last 4 weeks of a 16-week NIV treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an inhibitory effect of SMTP-7 on the glomerular deposition of IgA in Experiment 1; however, it was ineffective in Experiment 2. On the other hand, SMTP-7 did not affect the serum concentration of IgA in both experiments. These results suggest that SMTP-7 has a potential to decrease the progression of IgAN induced by NIV through inhibition of local accumulation of IgA in the glomerular mesangium, while it was ineffective for suppression of IgA production. On the other hand, SMTP-7 was found to be ineffective for already deposited IgA, suggesting that SMTP-7 may not be effective for ameliorating advanced IgAN.     

应用BALB／c小鼠评价口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效力

用不同剂量的口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫3组雌性BALB／c小鼠，同时设空白对照组，每组8只。免疫后每7d采血一次，用液相阻断ELISA（LPB-ELISA）检测血清抗体水平；第28d用800LD50同源强毒攻击，攻毒后36h，每组随机选取3只BALB／c小鼠，采全血，分别用每只BALg／c小鼠全血注射12只乳鼠，每组共注射36只乳鼠，以乳鼠试验判定BALB／c小鼠的病毒血症和攻毒保护情况。结果表明，免疫组BALB／c小鼠均可产生特异性抗体，保护率分别为75．0％、63．9％、36．1％；对照组小鼠血清抗体为阴性。提示，BALB／c小鼠可以用来评价口蹄疫灭活疫苗的免疫效力。     

猪圆环病毒与口蹄疫病毒二联重组鸡痘病毒的鉴定和BALB/c小鼠的免疫试验

以鸡痘病毒(FPV282E4)为活载体,用猪2型圆环病毒内蒙株的衣壳蛋白、与复制相关蛋白基因及O型口蹄疫结构蛋白基因作为目的基因,经同源重组的方法获得2个重组鸡痘毒,分别命名为:vUTALP1-ORF2-ORF1、vUTALP1-ORF2。在复制、转录和翻译水平对这2个重组毒进行鉴定,结果表明这2个重组毒均能表达目的蛋白。将它们免疫6～8周龄BALB/c小鼠,每隔19d免疫1次,共3次;每10d尾跟采血1次,三免后10d杀鼠取脾。用ELISA方法检测小鼠血清抗体效价,流式细胞仪检测脾T淋巴细胞亚类CD4+、CD8+数量。结果发现2个重组毒试验免疫组均是从最后一次采集的小鼠血清能获得最高的抗体效价,与对照组FPV相比都能产生一定的体液免疫反应,且以vUTALP1-ORF2-ORF1重组毒免疫小鼠产生的血清抗体效价最高;脾T淋巴细胞亚类数量测定发现,免疫试验组的CD4+与CD8+的T细胞亚类总数显著高于对照组(P0.05),并以vUTALP1-ORF2-ORF1数值较高。结果表明,这2个重组鸡痘毒既能较好的刺激细胞免疫又能产生一定的体液免疫,将作为候选活载体重组鸡痘毒进行本体动物免疫试验研究。