延边黄牛TG基因多态性与胴体和肉质性状相关性分析

选取105头延边黄牛为研究对象,利用克隆测序的方法寻找延边黄牛甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,TG)基因多态性,采用PCR-RLFP方法进行多态性检测,并与胴体和肉质性状进行了关联分析。结果表明,在TG基因第48外显子上发现C218T和A430G2个突变位点,其中C218T位点的不同基因型与大理石花纹存在显著相关,CC基因型个体大理石花纹等级显著高于CT型个体(P<0.05)。A430G位点的不同基因型与宰前活重和眼肌面积存在显著相关,GG基因型个体的宰前活重和眼肌面积显著高于AA型和AG型个体(P<0.05)。其他性状在2个位点的不同基因型间差异不显著。因此,C218T和A430G位点可能是影响延边黄牛胴体和肉质性状的分子标记。     

延边黄牛PLIN基因多态性及其与胴体和肉质性状的相关性分析

为探究延边黄牛脂滴包被蛋白（perilipin,PLIN）基因遗传多态性及其对胴体和肉质性状的影响,试验选取70头30月龄健康延边黄牛公牛,采集颈静脉血液及其12~13肋间背最长肌以提取延边黄牛DNA样本,并测定胴体与肉质性状,采用直接测序方法检测PLIN基因SNP位点,结合延边黄牛胴体、肉质数据与PLIN基因遗传多态性进行关联分析。结果显示,在延边黄牛PLIN基因外显子3 103与156 bp处存在2个突变位点：g.103 C→T和g.156 T→C,均为错义突变。g.103 C→T位点存在CC、CT两种基因型,CC基因型为优势基因型（0.81）,C基因为优势等位基因（0.90）,表现为CT基因型个体脂肪含量、宰前重、胴体重、背膘厚均显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.156 T→C位点存在TC、TT两种基因型,TT基因型为优势基因型（0.83）,T基因为优势等位基因（0.92）,表现为TC基因型个体的宰前重、胴体重及背膘厚均显著高于TT基因型个体（P<0.05）。卡方检验结果表明,延边黄牛在PLIN基因外显子3的2个SNPs位点均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）,杂合度较低,属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）。综上,PLIN基因g.103 C→T和g.156 T→C位点对延边黄牛部分胴体与肉质性状存在一定影响,该位点可作为延边黄牛胴体、肉质性状的潜在标记,PLIN基因可以作为延边黄牛品种选育的候选基因和潜在分子标记。     

延边黄牛CAST基因16内含子基因多态性与肉质性状相关性分析

钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因多态性主要与肉品嫩度相关,与其他肉质性状相关的报道较少。研究采用PCR-SSCP方法对321头延边黄牛CAST基因16内含子进行SNPs多态性检测,并对该座位基因型多态性与肉质性状进行差异显著性分析。结果表明:延边黄牛该座位具有高多态性;该位点基因型多态性与蒸煮损失、亚麻酸含量及肉色等多种肉质性状相关;该位点与肉品多时间点亮度、红色度、黄色度、彩色度及彩色角都存在相关性,但未表现出普遍规律。研究证明,牛中CAST基因与除肉质嫩度外其他肉质性状存在相关性。     

延边黄牛脂蛋白脂肪酶基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

为探究延边黄牛脂蛋白脂肪酶（lipoprteinlipase,LPL）基因遗传多态性及其对肉质性状的影响,本试验以80头健康的30月龄延边黄牛背最长肌作为试验材料,运用PCR直接测序法和高分辨率熔解曲线技术（HRM）对LPL基因的SNP位点进行检测,分析了试验群体的遗传效应,并与延边黄牛的肉质性状数据进行关联分析。PCR直接测序结果表明,延边黄牛LPL基因存在2个多态性位点（g.6215 A>G和g.18341 C>T）,其中g.6215 A>G位点表现为2种基因型：AA与AG,优势等位基因为A;g.18341 C>T位点表现为2种基因型：CC和CT,C为优势等位基因;对文献中2个位点的检测结果表明,g.355427 T>A位点表现为2种基因型：AA与AT,A为优势等位基因;c.322 G>A位点的HRM分型结果显示并未分型。这些多态性位点全部呈中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）,并处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。HRM分型结果显示,这3个SNPs位点与延边黄牛肉质性状存在显著相关：g.6215 A>G位点与延边黄牛胴体重及脂肪、蛋白、水分含量有显著关联,表现为AG基因型个体胴体重、脂肪含量显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）,AA基因型个体蛋白及水分含量显著高于AG基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.18341 C>T位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及背膘厚有显著关联,表现为CT基因型个体这些性状均显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;g.355427 T>A位点AT基因型个体宰前活重、背膘厚和脂肪含量均高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）。综上,LPL基因g.6215 A>G、g.18341 C>T和g.355427 T>A位点对延边黄牛的肉质有显著影响,LPL基因可以作为延边黄牛品种选育改良工作的优势候选基因和有效分子标记。     

延边黄牛PRKAG3基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法对120头延边黄牛PRKAG3基因的多态性进行检测,共发现C6529T、T6605C、A6608G和G6685A4个SNPs;单倍型分析产生4种单倍型H1(CCGA)、H2(CCGG)、H3(TCGA)、H4(TCGG),其中H1为优势单倍型,其频率为0.590。结果表明:单倍型H3与蒸煮损失存在负相关(P0.05);单倍型H1与pH1、pH24呈正相关(P0.05),与L*24值负相关(P0.05);单倍型H4与油酸存在负相关(P0.05),与谷氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸存在正相关(P0.05)。     

延边黄牛PRKAG3基因第10外显子单核苷酸多态性及其与肉质性状的相关分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法对120头延边黄牛PRKAG3基因的多态性进行检测,结果发现第10外显子存在C4738T突变,产生3种基因型。不同基因型与肉质性状均值差异显著性检验结果发现,基因型CT与a2*4、b2*4、油酸存在一定的负相关(P0.05);与嫩度、谷氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸和脯氨酸有一定的正相关(P0.05);基因型CC与天冬氨酸存在一定的正相关(P0.05)。     

延边黄牛ACTA1基因的SNPs检测及其与肉质性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究延边黄牛ACTA1基因的遗传变异,分析其多态性对肉质性状的影响。采用PCR-RFLP和PCR-SSCP方法探讨ACTA1基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联性。结果发现,延边黄牛ACTA1基因存在2个突变位点:A193G突变,导致氨基酸Arg → Gly的错义突变;A298G突变,导致氨基酸Lys →Arg的错义突变。χ²检验显示,A193G和A298G位点于检测群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。关联分析显示,延边黄牛ACTA1基因2个突变位点的不同基因型与肌肉中肉豆蔻酸、油酸含量、眼肌面积、大理石花纹等级呈显著相关（P<0.05）。初步认为ACTA1基因对延边黄牛肉质性状有显著影响,可作为延边黄牛新品种早期选择的候选基因。     

延黄牛FGF19基因多态性与肉质性状的关联分析

研究旨在探究延黄牛成纤维细胞生长因子19(Fibroblast Growth Factor 19,FGF19)基因多态性与肉质性状的相关性。实验收集106头延黄牛背最长肌组织,采用PCR混池及Sanger技术探索延黄牛FGF19基因存在的SNP位点与肉质性状进行关联分析。结果显示,延黄牛FGF19基因第2内含子存在3个SNPs位点：Chr29:46943179A>G、Chr29:46943605T>A和Chr29:46943660G>A均存在3种基因型;χ2检验结果显示：第1、3处突变位点均显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P<0.05）,而第2处则处于平衡状态（P>0.05）;多态信息含量均表现为中度多态（0.25G位点AA基因型个体部分氨酸含量显著大于GG基因型;Chr29:46943605T>A位点的AA基因型个体蒸煮损失和眼肌面积极显著大于TT基因型,TT基因型个体压榨水分极显著小于TA基因型;AA基因型个体部分氨基酸含量显著大于TT基因型;Chr29...     

延边黄牛PRKAG3基因第10外显子单核苷酸多态性及其与肉质性状的相关分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法对120头延边黄牛PRKAG3基因的多态性进行检测,结果发现第10外显子存在C4738T突变,产生3种基因型。不同基因型与肉质性状均值差异显著性检验结果发现,基因型CT与a*24、b*24、油酸存在一定的负相关（P＜0.05）;与嫩度、谷氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸和脯氨酸有一定的正相关（P＜0.05）;基因型CC与天冬氨酸存在一定的正相关（P＜0.05）。     

The Correlation Analysis Between the SNPs of MC4R Gene and Meat Quality Traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle

In order to explore the effects of the key gene of regulating cattle fat deposition on meat quality traits, screening candidate gene which affect beef fattening traits. This study employed 157 cattles (24 months old) with similar weight as research object, analyzed the correlation between SNPs of MC4R gene and meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow cattle by PCR direct sequencing method. The results indicated that the mutation site of C→G had been found in MC4R gene 1 069 bp, which resulted in L (leucine) translated into V (valine). Protein secondary structure lost α-spiral and β-fold at the 166, 243 and 280 amino acid position, which resulted in the changes of spatial position of β-turns in tertiary structure. This site showed different degrees correlation with backfat thickness, lrightness, yellowness of Yanbian Yellow cattle. The backfat thickness and yellowness (3 d) of GG genotype were significantly higher than CC and CG genotypes (P <0.05). The lrightness of CC and CG genotypes were significantly higher than CC genotype (P <0.05). These results declared that the site had remarkably correlatived with Yanbian Yellow cattle relevant economic traits, and the mutation site could be used as a potential molecular marker.     

Polymorphism of PLIN Gene and Its Associaton with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle

This experiment was conducted to explore the association between perilipin (PLIN) gene and carcass and meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow cattle.In this study,70 30-month-old healthy Yanbian Yellow cattle were used as experimental materials,the blood of jugular vein and its 12-13 intercostal longissimus muscle dorsi were collected to extract DNA samples of Yanbian Yellow cattle,and determine the carcass and meat quality characteristics.The SNP of PLIN gene was detected by direct sequencing,and the correlation analysis was conducted based on the carcass and meat quality data of Yanbian Yellow cattle and the genetic polymorphism of PLIN gene.The results showed that there were 2 SNPs of PLIN gene exon 3 in Yanbian Yellow cattle:g.103 C→T and g.156 T→C,both of them were missense mutations.g.103 C→T contained two genotypes:CC and CT,CC genotype was the dominant genotype,the genotype frequency was 0.81,C was the dominant allele,the gene frequency was 0.90.The intramuscular fat,pre slaughter weight,carcass weight and back fat thickness of CT genotype was significantly higher than those of CC genotype(P<0.05).g.156 T→C contained two genotypes:TT and TC,TT genotype was the dominant genotype,the genotype frequency was 0.83,T was the dominant allele,the gene frequency was 0.92.The pre slaughter weight,carcass weight and back fat thickness of TC genotype were significantly higher than those of TT genotype (P<0.05).Chi square test showed that the two SNPs of PLIN gene in Yanbian Yellow cattle reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05),and belonged to low polymorphism (PIC<0.25).In conclusion,g.103 C→T and g.156 T→C of PLIN gene had potential effect on carcass and meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow cattle,and could be used as a candidate gene and potential molecular marker of Yanbian Yellow cattle.     

延边黄牛SCD1基因多态性及其与经济性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1（stearoy-CoA desaturase 1,SCD1）基因多态性及其与经济性状的相关性。以157头36月龄健康无病、体重相近的延边黄牛为研究对象,颈静脉采血提取基因组DNA,根据GenBank中牛SCD1基因序列（登录号：AC_000181.1）,利用Oligo 6.0软件设计特异性引物,应用PCR扩增SCD1全长基因后直接测序,分析其多态位点,并应用生物信息学软件分析其蛋白结构;屠宰前测定活体重、胴体重、屠宰率、背膘厚等胴体性状,屠宰后采集背最长肌,测定眼肌面积、蒸煮损失、滴水损失、嫩度、系水力、pH、脂肪酸含量等肉质性状,并通过一般线性模型分析方法对延边黄牛SCD1基因SNPs与肉质性状的相关性进行了分析。结果发现,延边黄牛SCD1基因846 bp处存在A→G突变（g846 A→G）、1 022 bp处存在C→T突变（g1022 C→T）,其中g1022 C→T突变导致丙氨酸（A）突变为缬氨酸（V）,但未引起三级结构改变。关联分析结果表明,g846 A→G多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重、滴水损失及硬脂酸、亚油酸含量存在显著相关（P<0.05）;g1022 C→T多态位点与延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重及硬脂酸含量存在显著相关（P<0.05）,说明上述2个位点与延边黄牛相关肉质性状存在显著相关,该突变位点可作为潜在的分子标记。     

Polymorphism of ACTA1 Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Yanbian Yellow Cattle

This study was aimed to research the gentic variations of ACTA1 gene in Yanbian Yellow cattle, and analyze the influence of genetic polymorphisms on meat quality traits. PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP technique were used to analyze the association between the polymorphisms of ACTA1 gene and meat quality traits. The results showed that there were two SNPs, A193G which with replacement of Arg by Gly amino acid, A298G which with replacement of Lys by Arg amino acid. χ² test showed A193G and A298G were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The association analysis indicated that the genotypes of different mutations in ACTA1 gene were found to be significantly related to myristic acid, oleic acid, loin muscle area, marbling score (P<0.05). ACTA1 gene had potential effects on meat quality traits of Yanbian Yellow cattle, and could be used for candidate gene in early selection of new varieties of Yanbian Yellow cattle.     

鸡MC3R基因多态性及其与屠体和肉质性状的相关性

以四川大恒家禽育种有限公司和四川省畜牧科学研究院培育的5个新品系纯系和3个杂交系鸡群为试验材料,对MC3R基因进行PCR扩增,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序分析了MC3R基因在上述鸡群中的多态性.结果表明8个鸡群中存在A 1 424 G的突变.经过基因型与屠体性状的关联分析得知各基因型除与半净膛率(SEP)和腿肌率(LMP)无显著影响(P＞0.05)外,对其它屠体性状则有显著(P＜0.05)和极显著影响(P＜0.01);与肉质性状相关分析结果显示,1 424位点仅对粗蛋白(CP)含量和肌内脂肪含量(IMF)影响显著(P＜0.05).